Abstract Objective: To investigate ocular movements measures of vectoelectro-nystagmography and video-nystagmography in dyslexic children and compare with measures of typical children. Methods: A systematic review of observational studies comparing the ocular movements differences between dyslexic and typical children with no publication date or language restriction. The literature survey included the bibliographic databases MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Lilacs and CENTRAL. Gray literature databases were also searched, including: OpenGrey.eu, DissOnline.de, The New York Academy of Medicine and WorldCat. The meta-analysis was performed using software RevMan 5.3 (Cochran Collaboration). Results: A total of 2375 articles were found of which 113 fell within the inclusion criteria. Among these, 52 were duplicates (found in more than one research source), and 45 articles were selected for reading in full. Thirteen (13) articles were included for analysis and discussion. Meta-analysis showed statistical differences between the two groups for the total number of saccades and duration of fixation. Conclusion: The study revealed that children with dyslexia have longer duration of fixation and fewer saccades during ocular movements on vectoelectro-nystagmography and videonystagmography when compared to children without dyslexia.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to compare cortical auditory evoked responses using two speech stimuli, /ma/ and /da/, in normally hearing young adults. Methods: a cross-sectional, observational and analytical study, with a sample composed of nineteen normally hearing young adults, recruited by convenience, ages between 18 and 25 years old, from both genders, participated in the study. Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP) were monaurally recorded in two conditions: 1) with a pair of speech stimuli /ba/ and /da/, and 2), with a pair of speech stimuli /ba/ and /ma/. The order of the experiments was randomized in a proportion of 50% for each of the two stimuli, totaling 100 stimuli for each experiment. Speech sounds were presented at 70 dB SPL. Descriptive and analytical statistical tests were performed. Results: mean latency values of the complex P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 were lower for the /ma/ when compared to those of /da/ (p <0,05). There was no difference in amplitude values between responses evoked using /ma/ and /da/. Conclusion: cortical auditory evoked potentials, elicited by the speech stimulus /ma/ had, on average, lower latency peaks of P1-N1-P2-N2 and P3, when compared to those of speech stimulus /da/.

Resumo Introdução: O processo natural de envelhecimento pode resultar em mudanças morfológicas no sistema vestibular e na via neural aferente, inclusive perda de células ciliadas, diminuição do número de células do nervo vestibular e perda de neurônios no núcleo vestibular. Dessa forma, com o avanço da idade, deveria ocorrer diminuição nas amplitudes e aumento nas latências dos potenciais evocados miogênicos vestibulares (VEMP), principalmente o prolongamento da latência p13. Além disso, muitos artigos não encontraram diferenças significativas nas latências do VEMP com o avanço da idade. Objetivo: Analisar se existem diferenças significativas para as latências do VEMP cervical (cVEMP) e do VEMP ocular (oVEMP) entre idosos e adultos. Método: Revisão sistemática com metanálise de estudos observacionais que comparam diferenças desses parâmetros entre idosos e adultos jovens, sem restrições de idiomas ou datas, nas seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO e Lilacs. Além das bases de literatura cinzenta OpenGrey.eu e DissOnline e ainda no Research Gate. Resultados: As latências n1 do oVEMP tiveram um atraso médio nos idosos de 2,32 ms com IC 95% 0,55-4,10 ms. O teste para o efeito geral obteve p = 0,01 e revelou que tal diferença foi significativa. A heterogeneidade encontrada foi I2 = 96% (p < 0,001). Avaliação da latência de p1 não foi possível devido ao baixo número de artigos selecionados para essa condição. A análise do cVEMP foi feita com 13 artigos. Para o componente p13, o atraso médio para as latências dos idosos foi de 1,34 ms com IC 95% 0,56-2,11 ms. O teste para o efeito geral obteve p < 0,001; com valor da heterogeneidade I2 = 92% (p < 0,001). Para o componente n23, o atraso médio para as latências dos idosos foi de 2,82 ms com IC 95% 0,33-5,30 ms. O teste para o efeito geral obteve p = 0,03. A heterogeneidade encontrada foi I2 = 99% (p < 0,001). Conclusão: A latência do componente de onda n1 do oVEMP e as latências dos componentes de onda p13 e n23 do cVEMP são mais prolongadas em idosos com idade > 60 anos do que em adultos jovens.

Abstract Introduction: The natural aging process may result in morphological changes in the vestibular system and in the afferent neural pathway, including loss of hair cells, decreased numbers of vestibular nerve cells, and loss of neurons in the vestibular nucleus. Thus, with advancing age, there should be a decrease in amplitudes and an increase in latencies of the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, especially the prolongation of p13 latency. Moreover, many investigations have found no significant differences in latencies with advancing age. Objective: To determine if there are significant differences in the latencies of cervical and ocular evoked myogenic potentials between elderly and adult patients. Methods: This is a systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies, comparing the differences of these parameters between elderly and young adults, without language or date restrictions, in the following databases: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS, in addition to the gray literature databases: OpenGrey.eu and DissOnline, as well as Research Gate. Results: The n1 oVEMP latencies had a mean delay in the elderly of 2.32 ms with 95% CI of 0.55-4.10 ms. The overall effect test showed p = 0.01, disclosing that such difference was significant. The heterogeneity found was I 2 = 96% (p < 0.001). Evaluation of p1 latency was not possible due to the low number of articles selected for this condition. cVEMP analysis was performed in 13 articles. For the p13 component, the mean latency delay in the elderly was 1.34 ms with 95% CI of 0.56-2.11 ms. The overall effect test showed a p < 0.001, with heterogeneity value I 2 = 92% (p < 0.001). For the n23 component, the mean latency delay for the elderly was 2.82 ms with 95% CI of 0.33-5.30 ms. The overall effect test showed p = 0.03. The heterogeneity found was I 2 = 99% (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The latency of oVEMP n1 wave component and latencies of cVEMP p13 and n23 wave components are longer in the elderly aged >60 years than in young adults.