Resumo A injustiça epistêmica agencial no processo penal ocorre quando se imputa excessiva credibilidade a declarações prestadas pelo locutor em momentos de reduzida capacidade de autodeterminação. Especificamente no contexto da retratação de confissões extrajudiciais, questiona-se quais critérios jurídicos de valoração probatória racional seriam capazes de prevenir a ocorrência de injustiças agenciais. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica em injustiça epistêmica, confiabilidade probatória da confissão e precedentes do Superior Tribunal de Justiça. Analisando estudos empíricos sobre falsas confissões e as práticas forenses brasileiras, constata-se um risco relevante de ocorrência dessa forma de injustiça, tendo em vista que confissões extrajudiciais são largamente utilizadas para fundamentar sentenças condenatórias. O artigo conclui com duas propostas: (I) desconsiderar, para fins de valoração da prova, confissões extrajudiciais não confirmadas em juízo; e (II) adotar como um dos critérios de valoração da confissão o grau de efetiva agência epistêmica do acusado ao confessar, atribuindo-se menor credibilidade às confissões obtidas em situações de agência reduzida. autodeterminação questionase questiona agenciais Justiça brasileiras constatase constata condenatórias propostas I (I desconsiderar prova juízo II (II confessar atribuindose atribuindo

Abstract Agential epistemic injustice in criminal prosecution occurs when declarations taken in moments of reduced capacity for self-determination receive excessive credibility. Specifically in the context of recanted out-of-court confessions, the article investigates which legal criteria for the rational evaluation of evidence could prevent agential injustices. The method employed was bibliographical research on epistemic injustice, reliability of confessions as criminal evidence, and the Superior Court of Justice’s case law. Analyzing empiric research on false confessions and forensic practices in Brazil, a significant risk for agential injustices can be detected, mainly because out-of-court confessions are largely used to justify criminal convictions. The article concludes with two propositions: (I) to disregard, during the evaluation of evidence, out-of-court confessions not repeated before a judge; and (II) to consider the level of the defendant’s effective epistemic agency when evaluating their confession, with less credibility given to confessions obtained in situations of reduced agency. selfdetermination self determination outofcourt out court Justices Justice s law Brazil detected convictions propositions I (I disregard judge II (II defendants defendant confession

ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to evaluate productive, nutritional, and economic traits in lactating cows on pasture fed diets with different cation-anion balances (DCAB). Ten lactating – Holstein × ¼ Dairy Gyr cows in the middle third of lactation, at an average age of 70 ± 4.6 months and an average body weight of 400 ± 55.2 kg, were distributed into five treatments in a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design with two simultaneous squares. Treatments consisted of diets with DCAB of +237, +258, +294, +347, or +419 mEq dry matter (DM). No effects of intake were observed. There was no significant effect of DCAB on milk yield. The milk protein content was not influenced by the DCAB. Body condition score was not significantly affected by the DCAB. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter and nutrients (crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrates, and total digestible nutrients) were not affected by the DCAB. Marginal rate of return did not show significant differences. Under good conditions of pasture, forage availability, and quality associated with the lactation phases of the cows, all diets were efficient in milk production, dry matter intake, and digestibility. However, in economic terms, the most attractive DCAB was +237 mEq kg-1 DM.

A qualidade da dieta ofertada às vacas em lactação é uma preocupação dos agentes de saúde devido à possibilidade da detecção de micotoxinas prejudiciais a saúde humana e animal. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o perfil da micobiota, determinar a atividade de água (Aa) e a ocorrência natural de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) em dietas ofertadas a vacas em lactação de fazendas leiteiras no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As amostragens das dietas foram realizadas diretamente dos cochos de lote de 15 vacas, em dois dias consecutivos com intervalos de 24h e a cada 15 dias, perfazendo um período de 45 dias de amostragens por fazenda. A purificação e determinação de AFB1 foram realizadas em colunas de imunoafinidade e Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). O estudo da micobiota presente nas amostras das dietas (288) revelou que as leveduras foram predominantes em todas as dietas (83,97 a 99,98%). Foram isolados 15 gêneros de fungos filamentosos, com os gêneros Aspergillus spp (20,09%), Fusarium spp (14,16%) e Penicillium spp (11,48%) os mais prevalentes. As contagens de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias por grama de alimento (UFC. g-1) variaram de 102 a 1011. A atividade de água das amostras variou entre 0,91 a 0,98. Foi detectada a presença de AFB1 em 31,44% das amostras com teores entre 1,68 a 194,51μg.kg-1. Medidas de boas práticas de produção, estocagem e utilização devem ser tomadas para diminuir a ocorrência de AFB1 nas dietas ofertadas às vacas em lactação.

The quality of the diet offered to lactating cows is a concern to health officials the possibility of detecting mycotoxins harmful to human and animal health. The objectives were to evaluate the profile of mycoflora, determine the water activity (Aw) and the natural occurrence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in diets offered to lactating cows from dairy farms in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Samples of the diets were taken directly from the troughs batch of 15 cows, on two consecutive days at intervals of 24 hours and every 15 days with a period of 45 sampling days per farm. Purification and determination of AFB1 were performed on immunoaffinity columns and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The study of mycobiota present in samples of diets (288) revealed that yeast cells were predominant in all diets (83.97 to 99.98%). 15 genera were isolated from filamentous fungi, with Aspergillus spp (20.09%), Fusarium spp. (14.16%) and Penicillium spp. (11.48%) the most prevalent. The counts of colony forming units per gram of food (UFC.g-1) ranged from 102 a1011. The water activity of the samples ranged from 0.91 to 0.98. We have detected the presence of AFB1 in 31.44% of samples with levels between 1.68 a 194.51μg.kg-1. Measures of good production, storage and use should be taken to reduce the occurrence of aflatoxin B1 in the diet offered to lactating cow.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between different types of malocclusion and the impact on quality of life among preschoolers and their families. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 451 children 3-5 years of age. A clinical exam was performed to evaluate the malocclusions according to criteria proposed by Foster and Hamilton. This examination was conducted by a calibrated dentist. Parents/caregivers answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) for the assessment of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and the questionnaire on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, chi-square, Mann-Whitney and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression. The prevalence of malocclusion was 28.4%. The most frequent conditions were posterior crossbite (20.4%), anterior open bite (9.5%) and increased overjet (8.4%). A significant association was found between anterior open bite and OHRQoL (p< 0.001). The adjusted analysis confirmed the association between anterior open bite and a negative impact on quality of life (PR = 2.55; 95%CI: 1.87 to 3.47; p< 0.001). Anterior open bite was associated with a negative impact on the quality of life of preschoolers.