ABSTRACT Four soybean meal-based diets containing increasing levels of an enzyme complex (E50, E100, E150 and E200 at 50, 100, 150 and 200 g ton-1, respectively) and one soybean meal-based diet without the enzyme complex (E0) were fed in triplicate to M. liza juveniles in a semi-static flow system with 20 fish per tank for 75 days. There were no differences between the treatments for animal performance parameters, but fish fed the enzyme complex treatment exhibited significantly (P<0.05) higher values of calcium bone retention compared with control fish. Although there was no relationship between bacterial counts in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract or enzyme levels, filamentous bacteria were increased in E50 compared with E150. All of the treatments resulted in higher bacterial counts in the stomach than in intestinal segments. Histological screening showed serious to moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells, modification in villus morphology and necrosis in some cases in fish fed the E0 diet. In addition, fish from the E0 treatment exhibited significantly (P<0.05) lower lipid deposition in the peritoneal cavity. Therefore, the use of low levels of exogenous enzyme is recommended in diets for M. liza when soybean meal is used as the main source of protein.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da colestiramina e da lovastatina, drogas hipolipemizantes, sobre a qualidade do ovo, desempenho das aves, teores de lípides plasmáticos e de colesterol na gema do ovo de galinhas poedeiras Shaver. Aves com 26 semanas de idade receberam como alimentação dieta formulada sem ingredientes de origem animal (COM) acrescida de colestiramina a 0,2% (COL1) e 0,3% (COL2) e lovastatina a 0,005% (LOV) durante 6 semanas. A adição das drogas não prejudicou a qualidade da casca e do albúmen dos ovos. De um modo geral, o desempenho produtivo das aves não foi afetado, com exceção da redução observada no peso médio dos ovos. Não foram observadas mudanças nos teores de lípides plasmáticos das aves e a concentração de colesterol na gema permaneceu inalterada mediante a adição das drogas.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cholestyramine and lovastatin, lipid-lowering agents, upon egg quality, reproductive performance, plasma lipids and egg yolk cholesterol levels of Shaver laying hens. Twenty-six-weeks-old hens were fed basal diet without animal products containing 0.2% cholestyramine (COL1), 0.3% cholestyramine (COL2) or 0.005% lovastatin (LOV) for 6 weeks. It was observed that the supplementation of the drugs did not impair albumen and shell quality. Hen performance was not adversely affected, with the exception of the significant reduction (p < 0.05) in egg weights. No significant changes were observed on plasma lipids, and egg yolk cholesterol remained unchanged with the addition of the drugs.

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do óleo de peixe sobre a qualidade do ovo, desempenho das aves, teores de lípides plasmáticos e de colesterol na gema do ovo de galinhas poedeiras. Aves com 89 semanas de idade receberam como alimentação ração acrescida de óleo de peixe bruto a 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 3% e 4% durante 5 semanas. A adição de 1% a 4% de óleo de peixe à dieta provocou redução no peso dos ovos, sem influenciar a conversão alimentar. A qualidade da casca e do albume não foi alterada pela suplementação de óleo de peixe à dieta. Não foram observadas alterações nas concentrações de triglicérides e de colesterol plasmáticos, e os teores de colesterol na gema do ovo não foram afetados pelo óleo de peixe.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of fish oil upon egg quality, production, plasma lipids and egg yolk cholesterol levels of laying hens. 89-week-old hens were fed diets containing 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% fish oil for 5 weeks. It was observed that the addition of 1% to 4% fish oil to the diet reduced egg weight, but did not affect feed conversion. Albumen and shell quality was not impaired by the supplementation of fish oil to the diet. No significant changes were observed on plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels, and egg yolk cholesterol content was not affected by the addition of fish oil.

No presente estudo, foi verificado o efeito da suplementação de elevados níveis de cobre alimentar sobre o desempenho de galinhas poedeiras, níveis de colesterol na gema do ovo e de lípides plasmáticos. Foram utilizadas 160 galinhas poedeiras comerciais, perfazendo 5 tratamentos com 4 repetições de 8 aves, alimentadas por 6 semanas com dieta comercial (controle) ou suplementada com sulfato de cobre de modo a fornecer 200, 400, 600 e 800 mg de cobre/kg de dieta. A suplementação de cobre em níveis de até 400 ppm não afetou significativamente o peso e a produção dos ovos, o consumo e a conversão alimentar, no entanto, quando em teores de 600 e 800 mg/kg, determinou redução significativa no peso dos ovos, postura e consumo de alimento. A qualidade da casca, avaliada em termos de peso (gramas e % do peso do ovo) e espessura da casca, foi significativamente reduzida apenas com 800 ppm na ração. As concentrações plasmáticas de triglicérides e de colesterol HDL mostraram comportamento inverso em relação ao excesso de cobre suplementar. Em nível de 800 ppm, o cobre determinou, de forma significativa, diminuição dos triglicérides (705 mg/dL) e aumento do colesterol HDL (9,7 mg/dL) sangüíneos em relação ao grupo controle (1.643 e 4,5 mg/dL, respectivamente). Quando administrado na concentração de 800 ppm, o cobre determinou aumento significativo dos valores de colesterol no ovo, tanto expressos em relação à gema original (14,83 mg/g) como à gema seca (27,70 mg/d) comparado ao controle (12,35 e 23,08 mg/g, respectivamente). O efeito de elevados níveis de cobre alimentar na redução do colesterol na gema do ovo não foi confirmado no presente estudo. Futuras pesquisas são recomendadas.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of high supplemental dietary copper on laying performance, egg yolk cholesterol and blood plasma lipids. One hundred and sixty laying hens were placed in cages, and 8 birds were grouped per replicate, in a total of 5 treatments. Hens were fed a commercial diet supplemented as copper sulfate with 0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg of copper/kg for a period of 6 weeks. Egg weight, egg production, feed intake and feed conversion were not significantly affected by the supplemental copper up to 400 ppm. At 600 and 800 mg/kg copper significantly reduced egg weight, egg production and feed intake. Egg shell quality, estimated as egg shell weight (g and % of egg weight) and egg shell thickness, was significantly decreased only at the higher supplemental copper level (800 ppm). Plasma concentrations of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol showed an inversion relationship when excess of supplemental dietary copper was fed. At the level of 800 ppm copper determined a significant reduction in plasma triglycerides (705 mg/dL) and a significant increase in plasma HDL cholesterol (9.7 mg/dL) as compared to the control group (1,643 and 4.5 mg/dL, respectively). Egg yolk cholesterol calculated on original or dry matter basis was significantly increased by feeding the higher level of supplemental copper (800 ppm) showing values of 14.83 and 27.70 mg/dL, respectively, as compared to the control group (12.35 and 23.08 mg/dL, respectively). The effect of high dietary level of copper on reduction of egg yolk cholesterol was not confirmed in this study. Further researches are recommended.