ABSTRACT Seven strawberry genotypes were analyzed in order to differentiate fruit production and quality. The discarded leaves (by-product) were also used to characterize their phytochemical profile with a view to potential use in the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. The multivariate analysis gave rise to heterogeneous groups among the seven genotypes. ‘Fronteras’ and ‘Monterey’ were the most productive. ‘Camino Real’ produced fruits with the highest polyphenols concentrations. ‘Fronteras’ produced leaves with the best phytochemical profile and, together with ‘Camino Real’, the highest antioxidant activity. The genotypes differ in terms of the yield and fruit, and leaf phytochemical profiles. ‘Camino Real’ can be used to optimize and market all the organs produced (fruits and leaves) and ‘Fronteras’ to increase the fruit yield and the use of leaves as a cultivation by-product. quality byproduct by product (by-product industries ‘Fronteras Fronteras ‘Monterey Monterey productive Camino Real concentrations Real, , activity profiles byproduct. product. by-product

Abstract This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical properties of Bauhinia holophylla (Bong.) Steud leaf extract, and their impact on maternal reproductive and fetal development in diabetic rats. For this, adult female Wistar rats (100 days of life) received streptozotocin (40 mg/Kg, intraperitoneal) for induction of diabetes, were mated and distributed into four groups: Nondiabetic; Nondiabetic given B. holophylla; Diabetic; and Diabetic given B. holophylla. The plant extract was given by gavage at increasing doses: 200, 400, and 800 mg/Kg. At day 21 of pregnancy, liver and blood samples were obtained for oxidative parameters and biochemical analysis, respectively. The uterus was removed for maternal-fetal outcomes. Phytochemical analysis showed a high content of phenolic components and biogenic amines. B. holophylla extract did not alter the glycemic levels but improved the lipid profile in diabetic animals. Besides that, the number of live fetuses and maternal weight gain were decreased in Diabetic group, and were not observed in animals treated. The group Diabetic treated presented a higher percentage of fetuses classified as adequate for gestational age compared to the Diabetic group. However, the treatment with plant extract caused embryo losses, fetal growth restriction, and teratogenicity in nondiabetic rats. Thus, the indiscriminate consumption requires carefulness. Bong. Bong (Bong. this 100 (10 life 40 (4 mgKg mg Kg mg/Kg intraperitoneal diabetes groups B doses 200 400 80 2 pregnancy respectively maternalfetal outcomes amines that However losses restriction Thus carefulness (Bong 10 (1 4 ( 20 8 1

ABSTRACT Vines are highly responsive to agricultural management techniques, such as training systems. Three training systems, i.e., conventional, high, and double training, for the ‘Niagara Rosada’ vine were studied considering aspects related to the yield, physicochemical, and antioxidant characteristics of the grapes. The experiment was carried out during two seasons (2017 and 2018), and the vines grafted on IAC 572 Jales. The training systems did not influence the fruit production per vine and yield of the ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grape, but some improvements were observed, such as a greater number of berries per bunch in vines managed in the conventional training systems and a higher fresh mass of berries when cultivated in the high and double training systems. Grapes from the double training system had higher soluble solids contents, an important sensorial characteristic in table grapes. The high training system, in turn, provided ‘Niagara Rosada’ table grapes with a greater content of bioactive compounds (e.g., phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity. techniques ie i e i.e. Niagara Rosada physicochemical 2017 (201 2018, 2018 , 2018) 57 Jales grape observed contents turn e.g., eg g (e.g. flavonoids anthocyanins activity i.e 201 (20 5 e.g. (e.g 20 (2 e.g 2 (

RESUMO Os biorreguladores são compostos naturais ou sintéticos que têm a capacidade de estimular o desenvolvimento radicular e melhorar o desempenho das sementes. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito da utilização do biorregulador vegetal Stimulate® no potencial fisiológico de sementes de arroz. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 5, sendo quatro cultivares de arroz (IRGA Puitá, IRGA 417, IRGA 421, IRGA 424) e cinco doses de Stimulate® (0; 3; 6; 9 e 12 mL kg-1 de sementes), sendo avaliadas as seguintes características: teste de germinação, primeira contagem, plântulas anormais, teste de frio, teste de envelhecimento acelerado, emergência a campo, índice de velocidade de emergência, massa seca de plântula, comprimento da raiz primária e comprimento da parte aérea. A análise de variância identificou efeitos significativos na interação Cultivar x Dose em todas as variáveis, exceto para o teste de frio e o comprimento da parte aérea. O uso de bioestimulante proporcionou o aumento da germinação das sementes com potencial fisiológico reduzido e acréscimo no vigor das sementes de todas as cultivares. O potencial fisiológico de sementes de arroz é influenciado pela utilização de Stimulate®. As doses de 3 e 6 mL kg-1 de sementes são as mais recomendadas para a cultura, proporcionando aumentos significativos no seu desempenho fisiológico.

ABSTRACT Bioregulators are natural or synthetic compounds which have the ability to stimulate root development and improve seed performance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using the plant bioregulator Stimulate® on the physiological quality of rice seeds. The experimental design was completely randomised in a 4 x 5 factorial, consisting of four rice cultivars (IRGA Puitá, IRGA 417, IRGA 421, IRGA 424) and five doses of Stimulate® (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mL kg-1 seeds), where the following characteristics were evaluated: germination test, first count, abnormal seedlings, cold test, accelerated ageing test, field emergence, emergence speed index, seedling dry weight, primary root length and shoot length. Analysis of variance identified significant effects for the interaction of cultivar and dose for all variables except the cold test and shoot length. The use of the bioregulator resulted in increased germination in those seeds with reduced physiological potential, and an increase in seed vigour in all cultivars. The use of Stimulate® influences the physiological quality of rice seeds. Doses of 3 and 06 mL kg-1 seeds are most recommended for the crop, and provide significant increases in their physiological performance.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de doses e de fontes de nitrogênio sobre as variáveis morfológicas relacionadas com a produtividade de dois cultivares de girassol. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2 x 2, com cinco doses de adubação nitrogenada (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1), duas fontes de nitrogênio (N), fertilizante convencional (ureia), com 44% de N e fertilizante nitrogenado de liberação lenta, com 26% de N, e dois cultivares de girassol (Olisun 3 e Aguará 6), com três repetições. Avaliaram-se altura de plantas, índice de área foliar, interceptação de radiação global, massa de mil aquênios, diâmetro do capítulo, produtividade de aquênios e estimou-se o teor de clorofila. Doses crescentes de N promovem aumento do índice de área foliar e de interceptação da radiação global, do florescimento pleno e da produtividade do girassol, de forma diferenciada entre cultivares. O fertilizante nitrogenado de liberação lenta possibilita índice de área foliar, no início de enchimento de aquênios, maior que o obtido por uso de ureia, a partir da dose de 120 kg ha-1 de N. O cultivar Olisun 3 apresenta maior índice de área foliar no florescimento pleno e maior produtividade, a partir das doses de 80 e de 120 kg ha-1 de N, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of doses and sources of nitrogen on themorphological variables related to yield of two sunflower cultivars. The design was randomized blocks in a factorial design 5 x 2 x 2, with five doses of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1), two sources of nitrogen (N), fertilizer conventional (urea), with 44% N, and the fertilizer nitrogenated of slow-release, with 26% N, and two sunflower cultivars (Olisun 3 and Aguará 6) with three replications. Was evaluated theplant height, leaf area index, global radiation interception, thousand achenes weight, diameter of achenes, yield and estimate the chlorophyll content. Increasing doses of N promotes an increase in the leaf area index and interception of global radiation at flowering full and the sunflower yield, in a differentiated way between cultivars. The use of fertilizer nitrogenated of slow-release provides higher leaf area index in the beginning of achenes filling, compared the use of urea, from the dose of 120 Kg ha-1 N. The cultivar Olisun 3 shows greater leaf area index at flowering full and yield, from the doses of 80 and 120 kg ha-1 N, respectively.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de redutor de crescimento e de adubação nitrogenada sobre variáveis morfológicas, índice SPAD, interceptação de radiação global e produtividade, de três cultivares de trigo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3x5x2, com três cultivares (Mestre, Iguaçú e Itaipú), cinco doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 Kg ha-1) e aplicação, ou não, de redutor de crescimento, com três repetições. Avaliaram-se altura de planta, índice SPAD, índice de área foliar (IAF), interceptação de radiação global (IRG) e produtividade de grãos. Utilizou-se o teste de Tukey (p < 0,05), para a comparação entre as médias dos fatores cultivar e redutor de crescimento, e análise de regressão, para avaliação das doses de N. O aumento da dose de nitrogênio promove aumento no IAF de plantas na cultura o trigo, de forma diferenciada entre os cultivares, acarretando maior interceptação de radiação global. Em doses de nitrogênio maior ou igual a 120 Kg ha-1, há diferença significativa na produtividade do trigo entre os tratamentos com e sem a aplicação do redutor de crescimento. A interação significativa entre redutor de crescimento e dose de nitrogênio mostrou que a aplicação de redutor aumenta o IRG nas doses acima e abaixo de 80 Kg ha-1 de nitrogênio. As doses de nitrogênio de 138 e 109 Kg ha-1 são responsáveis pela produtividade máxima da cultura do trigo, sendo de 4235 a 3787 Kg ha-1, com e sem a utilização do redutor de crescimento, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of growth reducer and nitrogen fertilization on morphological variables, SPAD index, radiation interception, and grain yield of three cultivars of wheat. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial scheme 3x5x2, with three cultivars (Mestre, Iguaçú and Itaipú), five nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 Kg ha-1), and application or no application of a growth reducer, with three replications. The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, SPAD index, leaf area index (LAI), Global Radiation Interception (GRI) and grain yield. The Tukey test (p < 0.05) was used for the comparison between the means of cultivar and growth reducer factors, and for a regression analysis to evaluate N levels. Increasing the dose of nitrogen promotes an increase in LAI of plants of wheat crops differently among cultivars, which leads to a greater degree of global radiation interception. At doses higher or equal to 120 Kg ha-1 of nitrogen, there are significant differences in grain yield between treatments with and without the application of the growth reducer. The significant interaction between growth reducer and nitrogen dose, showed that applications of growth reducer increase the GRI at doses above and below 80 Kg ha-1 of nitrogen. Nitrogen rates of 138 and 109 Kg ha-1 are responsible for maximum grain yields of wheat, which is 4235 and 3787 Kg ha-1 with and without the use of growth reducer, respectively.