Abstract Different degrees in the biological activities of Canavalia rosea had been previously reported . In this study, our group assessed the cardioprotective effects of the ethyl acetate fraction (EAcF) of the Canavalia rosea leaves. Firstly, it was confirmed, by in vitro approach, that the EAcF has high antioxidant properties due to the presence of important secondary metabolites, as flavonoids. In order to explore their potential protector against cardiovascular disorders, hearts were previously perfused with EAcF (300 μg.mL-1) and submitted to the global ischemia followed by reperfusion in Langendorff system. The present findings have demonstrated that EAcF restored the left ventricular developed pressure and decreased the arrhythmias severity index. Furthermore, EAcF significantly increased the glutathiones peroxidase activity with decreased malondialdehyde and creatine kinase levels. EAcF was effective upon neither the superoxide dismutase, glutationes reductase nor the catalase activities. In addition, the Western blot analysis revealed that ischemia-reperfusion injury significantly upregulates caspase 3 protein expression, while EAcF abolishes this effect. These results provide evidence that the EAcF reestablishes the cardiac contractility and prevents arrhythmias; it is suggested that EAcF could be used to reduce injury caused by cardiac reperfusion. However more clinical studies should be performed, before applying it in the clinic. study (EAcF leaves Firstly confirmed approach metabolites flavonoids disorders 300 (30 μg.mL1 μgmL1 μgmL μg.mL 1 μg mL μg.mL-1 system index Furthermore levels dismutase addition ischemiareperfusion expression effect performed clinic 30 (3 mL1 μg.mL- (

A series of drugs was investigated to determine structural, electronic and pharmacological properties, as well as the molecular affinity for the main protease of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The drugs were submitted to density functional theory calculations to optimize structures and predict binding preferences. The optimized geometries were used in molecular docking simulations. In the docking study, the receiver was considered rigid and the drugs flexible. The Lamarckian genetic algorithm with global search and Pseudo-Solis and Wets with local search were adopted for docking. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicological properties were obtained from the Pre-ADMET online server. In this series, the antiviral atazanavir showed the potential to inhibit the main protease of SARS-CoV-2, based on the free binding energy, inhibition constant, binding interactions and its favorable pharmacological properties. Therefore, we recommend carrying out further studies with in vitro tests and subsequent clinical tests to analyze its effectiveness in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste trabalho quantificar o acumulo de nutrientes na casca de quatro clones de eucalipto, aos 12 anos, plantados em diferentes densidades populacionais, extrapolando os valores para kg de nutrientes por hectare. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 4 x 3 com três repetições, sendo quatro clones de eucalipto (2486, I182, I144 e GG100), plantados em três densidades populacionais (416, 833 e 1111 plantas por hectare). A cubagem rigorosa de três árvores por parcela foi realizada por meio da coleta de discos de casca nas seguintes alturas: diâmetro à altura do peito (1,30 m), 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100% da altura comercial do fuste. Os discos de casca de cada árvore foram agrupados e utilizados para determinar os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S, além da densidade básica. O volume e a massa seca de casca por árvore foram estimados e o acúmulo de nutrientes por árvore e hectare foi estimado sequencialmente, para cada densidade populacional. Os valores encontrados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste de Tukey, verificando que o Ca foi o nutriente que apresentou o maior acúmulo na casca, seguido do N, K, S, Mg e P. O aumento da densidade populacional contribuiu para uma maior produção de casca e maior acúmulo de nutrientes por hectare. Entretanto, esse aumento não foi evidente ao comparar as densidades de 833 e 1111 árvores ha-1.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to quantify the accumulation of nutrients in the bark of four eucalyptus clones at 12 years-of-age, planted at different population densities, and the values were extrapolated to kg of nutrients per hectare. The experiment used randomized blocks in a 4 × 3 factorial design and three replications, with four Eucalyptus clones (2486, I182, I144, and GG100) planted at three population densities (416, 833, and 1111 trees ha-1). The rigorous cubage of three trees per plot was performed by collecting discs of bark at the following heights: diameter at breast height (1.30 m), 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the commercial height of the stem. The bark discs of each tree were grouped and used to determine N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S content, in addition to the basic density. The volume and dry mass of bark per tree was estimated and the accumulation of nutrients per tree ha-1 was estimated sequentially, for each population density. Analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc tests verified that Ca showed the greatest accumulation in the bark, followed by N, K, S, Mg, and P. The increase in population density contributed to higher bark production and greater nutrient accumulation per hectare. However, this increase was not evident when comparing densities of 833 and 1111 trees ha-1.

Objective: Memory impairment is an important contributor to the reduction in quality of life experienced by older adults, and genetic risk factors seem to contribute to variance in age-related cognitive decline. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important nerve growth factor linked with development and neural plasticity. The Val66Met polymorphism in the BDNF gene has been associated with impaired episodic memory in adults, but whether this functional variant plays a role in cognitive aging remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on memory performance in a sample of elderly adults. Methods: Eighty-seven subjects aged > 55 years were recruited using a community-based convenience sampling strategy in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The logical memory subset of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised was used to assess immediate verbal recall (IVR), delayed verbal recall (DVR), and memory retention rate. Results: BDNF Met allele carriers had lower DVR scores (p = 0.004) and a decline in memory retention (p = 0.017) when compared to Val/Val homozygotes. However, we found no significant differences in IVR between the two groups (p = 0.088). Conclusion: These results support the hypothesis of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism as a risk factor associated with cognitive impairment, corroborating previous findings in young and older adults.

RESUMO Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, verificar o potencial de resíduos sólidos urbanos como substratos na produção de mudas de Lafoensia pacari. Cinco tratamentos foram testados dentre os quais quatro resíduos urbanos e um substrato padrão, sendo: lodo de esgoto da Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos (ETE) Alegria; lodo de esgoto da ETE Ilha do Governador; lodo de esgoto da ETE Sarapuí; composto de lixo urbano (Fertlurb) e substrato comercial à base de casca de pinheiro bioestabilizada (substrato padrão). Foram acrescidos, aos resíduos, 20% em volume de fibra de coco triturada; aos105 dias após a semeadura avaliaram-se as variáveis referentes à qualidade de mudas; as mudas produzidas com substrato à base lodo de esgoto da ETE Sarapuí apresentaram os melhores resultados em todas as variáveis, seguidos pelas produzidas com os lodos das ETE Alegria e Ilha do Governador, que não diferiram entre si. As mudas produzidas com composto de lixo urbano apresentaram resultados satisfatórios e superiores ao observado nas mudas produzidas com substrato comercial. Os resíduos sólidos urbanos acrescidos de 20% de fibra de coco apresentaram potencial elevado podendo ser recomendados para a composição de substratos na produção de mudas de Lafoensia pacari.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the potential of urban solid wastes as substrate for production of seedlings of Lafoensia pacari. Five treatments were tested, four with solid wastes and one standard substrate, namely: sewage sludge from Alegria Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP); sewage sludge from Ilha do Governador WTP; sewage sludge from Sarapuí WTP; domestic garbage compost (Fertlurb); and a commercial substrate made of biostabilized pine bark (standard substrate). The wastes received 20% (in volume) of shredded coconut fiber. At 105 days after sowing, the seedlings were evaluated for different quality parameters. Seedlings produced with Sarapuí WTP sewage sludge showed the best results in all the parameters, followed by seedlings produced with sewage sludge from Alegria and Ilha do Governador WTPs, which did not differ. Seedlings produced with domestic garbage compost showed satisfactory results, higher than the ones observed for seedlings produced with commercial substrate. The urban solid wastes with 20% of coconut fiber showed high potential and can be recommended for the composition of substrate in the production of Lafoensia pacari seedlings.

RESUMO Analisou-se, neste trabalho, o crescimento inicial do baru em solução nutritiva com omissão individualizada dos nutrientes minerais em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 13 tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo: Solução Hoagland & Arnon completa e omissões individualizadas de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo e Zn. Avaliaram-se, aos 60 dias após, a instalação do experimento, características morfológicas: altura, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas e de folíolos. Foram calculados o índice de Dickson e a relação da massa seca da raiz/massa seca da parte aérea. A massa seca das raízes e da parte aérea foi determinada e analisados os teores e acúmulo de nutrientes na parte aérea das mudas. Realizou-se a análise de variância dos dados coletados por meio do programa computacional Sisvar. O crescimento de mudas de baru, com exceção da variável altura, foi influenciado pela omissão de nutrientes na solução nutritiva sendo os principais nutrientes limitantes o K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn e Mo. A absorção dos nutrientes pelo baru ocorre de forma diferenciada em função das omissões nutricionais individualizadas aplicadas à solução de cultivo.

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the initial growth of baru in nutrient solutions with individualized omission of mineral nutrients in greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized with 13 treatments and four replicates: Complete Hoagland & Arnon solution and with individualized omissions of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn. At 60 days the following morphological characteristics were evaluated: height, root collar diameter, number of leaves and number of leaflets. In addition, the Dickson quality index and root/shoot ratio were calculated and root dry matter, shoot dry matter and the contents and accumulations of nutrients in the shoots of the seedlings were analyzed. Analysis of variance of the collected data was performed using the computational program Sisvar. The growth of baru seedlings, except for the variable height, was influenced by the omission of nutrients in the nutrient solution and the main limiting nutrients are K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Mo. The absorption of nutrients by baru plants occurs differently under the individualized nutritional omissions applied to the nutrient solution.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as variáveis meteorológicas, a deficiência hídrica, o crescimento e a produtividade agroindustrial das variedades de cana-de-açúcar: RB72454, RB863129, RB867515, RB92579, RB93509, RB931003, RB951541 e RB971755, em cultivo de sequeiro, em duas safras, na região de Rio Largo - AL. As variáveis meteorológicas foram obtidas em uma estação automática, e o balanço hídrico foi feito pelo método de Thornthwaite & Mather. No período da pesquisa, a temperatura do ar variou de 16,6 a 35,9º C. No primeiro ciclo de produção, choveu 1.806 mm, e a cultura evapotranspirou 1.775 mm, e, no segundo ciclo, a precipitação pluvial somou 1.632 mm, e a evapotranspiração da cultura foi 1.290 mm. O excesso hídrico médio dos dois ciclos de produção foi 689 mm; e o déficit hídrico, 665 mm. Ou seja, mesmo resultando em uma precipitação pluvial superior à evapotranspiração da cultura, devido à má distribuição das chuvas, houve deficiência hídrica. A temperatura do ar não foi limitante para o crescimento da cana-de-açúcar. A produtividade agrícola média da cana-planta foi 86,8 t ha-1, em cana-soca foi 75,2 t ha-1, e o rendimento agroindustrial médio foi 12,9 e 10,9 toneladas de açúcar por hectare em cana-planta e cana-soca, respectivamente. As variedades mais produtivas foram a RB93509, a RB92579 e a RB863129.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the meteorological variables, water deficiency, growth, and agro-industrial yield of sugarcane varieties: RB72454, RB863129, RB867515, RB92579, RB93509, RB931003, RB951541, and RB971755, in rainfed crop in two harvests in the Rio Largo-AL region. The meteorological variables were obtained in an automatic station and water balance was done by Thornthwaite & Mather method. During the study period, the air temperature ranged from 16.6 to 35.9 ºC. In the first production cycle rained 1,806 mm and the crop evapotranspiration was 1,775 mm. In the second cycle, the rainfall totaled 1,632 mm and the crop evapotranspiration was 1,290 mm. The average water excess of two production cycles was 689 mm and the water deficit totaled 665 mm. The average agricultural productivity in the plant was 86.8 t ha-1, in the first ratoon was 75.2 t ha-1 and the agro-industrial yield average was 12.9 and 10.9 tons of sugar per hectare in the plant and first ratoon, respectively. The air temperature was not limiting to the growth of sugarcane and the rainfall was higher than the crop evapotranspiration, but due to poor distribution of the rains there was water deficit. The most productive varieties were RB93509, RB92579, and RB863129.

Mudanças nas características anatômicas e fisiológicas e na produção de óleo essencial de plantas medicinais sob influência de diferentes condições de radiação têm sido evidenciadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar essas variações em plantas de alfazema-do-Brasil (Aloysia gratissima [Gilles & Hook.] Tronc.) Verbenaceae, crescidas a pleno sol e com 40 e 80% de redução da radiação solar incidente. Para a análise de crescimento, utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com três níveis de luzes e cinco repetições de três plantas. As análises do teor de clorofila e da anatomia foliar foram realizadas em DIC com três repetições de três plantas e, a análise do óleo essencial, em DIC, com três repetições de cinco plantas, para cada nível de radiação. O nível de 40% de sombreamento foi o melhor no aspecto de crescimento. A matéria seca dos diversos órgãos da planta não diferiu entre os tratamentos com 40% de sombreamento (massa seca total 201 g) e a pleno sol (148 g), ambos significativamente superiores ao tratamento com 80% de sombreamento (68,6 g). Plantas cultivadas a pleno sol apresentaram folhas com epiderme adaxial, parênquima paliçádico, esponjoso e limbo significativamente mais espesso que nos demais tratamentos, enquanto plantas crescidas a 80% de sombreamento apresentaram folhas com a epiderme abaxial significativamente mais espessa. Não houve efeito significativo do sombreamento sobre o teor do óleo essencial, que variou de 2,1 a 2,2%, embora o rendimento de óleo essencial tenha sido significativamente superior nas plantas crescidas em plena luz (0,73 g planta-1) e a 40% de sombreamento (0,88), em relação àquelas crescidas a 80% de sombreamento (0,26). Houve aumento significativo da concentração de clorofila a e b em função da diminuição da intensidade de radiação (20,7 mg de clorofila total por g de massa fresca a pleno sol; e 23,7 e 32,0 com 40 e 80% de sombreamento respectivamente) e uma redução significativa na razão a/b (3,13 a pleno sol e 2,94 e 2,69, a 40 e 80% de sombreamento, respectivamente).

Changes in the anatomical and physiologic characteristics and in the production of essential oil of medicinal plants under influence of different radiation conditions have been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to characterize the variation in the anatomical and physiologic characteristics, and in the essential oil content of the Brazilian-lavender (Aloysia gratissima [Gilles & Hook.] Tronc., verbenaceae), grown in different shading levels, characterized by the reduction of 0; 40, and 80% of the incident solar radiation. For growth analyses we used a completely randomized design (CRD), with three levels of light and five replicates of three plants. The analyses of chlorophyll content and leaf anatomy were performed in CRD, with three replicates of three plants, while the analyses of essential oil content was carried out in CRD, with three replicates of five plants for each light level. The results showed that 40% of shading was the best condition for plant growth. Dry matter from different organs of the plant did not differ in the treatments 40% of shading (total dry matter 201 g) and at full sunlight (148 g), both significantly higher than 80% of shading (68.6 g). Plants cultivated in full sunlight showed leaves with adaxial epidermic tissue, palisade, and spongy parenchyma and limb significantly thicker than other treatments; however plants grew at 80% shading showed leaves with abaxial epidermic tissue significantly thicker. Shadowing did not significantly interfere with the essential oil content, which ranged from 2.1 to 2.2%.; Nevertheless, the essential oil yield was significantly higher in plants grew in full sunlight (0.73 g plant-1) and 40% shading (0.88), than on those grew at 80% shading (0.26). There was significant increase of chlorophyll a and b concentration in function of the decrease in light intensity (20.7 mg total chlorophyll per g fresh matter at full sunlight; and 23.7 and 32.0 with 40% and 80% shading respectively), as well as significant reduction in ratio a/b (3.13 at full sunlight and 2.94 and 2.69 at 40% and 80% shading respectively).

Geomagnetic storms are intervals of time when a sufficiently intense and long-lasting interplanetary convection electric field leads, through a substantial injection of energy into the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, to an intensified ring current, strong enough to exceed some key threshold of the quantifying storm time Dst index. We have studied all the 9 great magnetic storms (peak Dst < -200 nT) observed during the rise and maximum of solar cycle 23 (from 1997 to early 2001), in order to identify their solar and interplanetary causes. Apart of one storm occurred during the period without observations from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), all of them were related to coronal mass ejections observed by the Large Angle and Spectroscopic Coronagraph (LASCO). The sources of interplanetary southward magnetic field, Bs, responsible for the occurrence of the storms were related to the intensified shock/sheath field, interplanetary magnetic cloud's field, or the combination of sheath-cloud or sheath-ejecta field. It called our attention the fact that one of the events was related to a slow CME, with CME expansion speed not greater than 550 km/s. The purpose of this paper is to address the main sources of large geomagnetic disturbances using the current satellite capability available. As a general conclusion, we found that shock/sheath compressed fields are the most important interplanetary causes of great magnetic storms during this period.