The effect of the presence of organic amendment on the activity of two selected strains of Pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata (Kamyschko ex Barron and Onions) Zare & Gams on Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang & Eisenback was evaluated. The fungal strains studied were IMID SD 187 from Cuba and CG1006 from Brazil. The experiment was carried out in Embrapa-Cenargen, Brasilia-DF (Brazil), under greenhouse conditions during February-April, 2011. An agricultural soil (sterilized and not sterilized) was used and combined with the presence-absence of organic amendment (Bioplant) (1:1 v/v). Four treatments were prepared inoculating polyethylene bags with 4kg of substrate with 5000 chlamydopores.g-1 of substrate of each of the strains, leaving non-inoculated bags as controls. Then, a chicory plant was transplanted into each bag, and 5000 juveniles/eggs of M. enterolobii were added. Colonization of both strains of P. chlamydosporia var. catenulata was in the order of 10³-10(4) UFC,g-1 in the soil and roots. The percentages of egg mass colonization and egg parasitism of the strain CG1006 were higher, between 77-92% and 71-78%, than those of IMI SD 187, which were 58-89% and 37-74%, respectively. Although the galling index of M. enterolobii was not reduced by the effect of none of the fungi, the number of healthy egg was reduced compared with the control. The results indicated that the presence of organic amendment did not influence the activity of the native strain significantly, but it did influence that of the foreign strain (IMI SD 187), fundamentally in natural soil. Therefore, the pertinence of studies in non- sterilized soils was ratified for offering more reliable information for the selection of promising strains as biological control agents of nematodes and their use within nematode management strategies.

Se evaluó el efecto de la presencia de abono orgánico sobre la actividad de dos cepas seleccionadas de Pochonia chlamydosporia var. catenulata (Kamyschko ex Barron y Onions) Zare y Gams (IMI SD 187 y CG1006) de Cuba y Brasil, respectivamente, frente a Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang y Eisenback. El experimento se realizó en Embrapa-Cenargen, Brasilia-DF (Brasil) y se mantuvo en casa de vegetación durante los meses de febrero-abril de 2011. Se utilizó un suelo agrícola y se combinó la presencia-ausencia de abono orgánico (Bioplant) (1:1 v/v) con suelo natural (no esterilizado y esterilizado). Se prepararon cuatro tratamientos con cada cepa donde se inocularon 5000 clamidosporas.g-1 de sustrato y cuatro grupos controles (sin Pochonia), en bolsas de polietileno con 4kg de sustrato, donde se trasplantó una postura de achicoria y se añadieron 5000 juveniles/huevos de M. enterolobii. Se comprobó que el desarrollo saprofítico de ambas cepas de P. chlamydosporia var. catenulata estuvo en el orden de 10³-10(4) UFC.g-1 en el suelo y las raíces. El porcentaje de colonización de masas de huevos y el parasitismo de huevos de la cepa CG1006 fue superior, con valores entre 77-92% y 71-83%, comparado a la IMI SD 187 que logró 58-89 y 37-74%, respectivamente. Aun cuando ambos hongos no redujeron el índice de agallas de M. enterolobii, disminuyó el número de huevos sanos, respecto al control. Los resultados indicaron que la presencia de abono orgánico no influyó significativamente en la actividad de la cepa nativa, pero sí de la cepa foránea (IMI SD 187) fundamentalmente en el suelo natural. Se ratifica la pertinencia de estudios en suelos no esterilizados, al ofrecer información más confiable en la selección de cepas promisorias como agentes de control biológico de nematodos y su empleo dentro de estrategias de manejo.

Recently, Pochonia chlamydosporia (Goddard) Zare y Gams was isolated from parasitized eggs of Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang y Eisenback (syn. jun. Meloidogyne mayaguensis Rammah y Hirschmann) in guava (Psidium guajava L.) plantations, at the northeast of Brazil. Due to the potential danger of this pest for a large group of crops, including vegetable crops, a greenhouse experiment was conducted with two repetitions in time. The aim was to evaluate the saprophytic and parasitic activities of three brazilian strains (CG1003, CG1006 and CG1041) and the cuban strain (IMI SD 187) of P. chlamydosporia against M. enterolobii in a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)- lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crop sequence. At the end of the cultivation, 6 month after the application, colonization of P. chlamydosporia was in the order of 10(4) CFU.g-1 of soil and 10³ CFU.g-1 of root, with exception of the strain CG1041 (10² CFU.g-1 of root). Egg mass percentage was higher than 60% in all treatments, while parasitized egg percentage was between 45-55%. These results validated the cuban strain against a nematode target under different conditions from those it originally came from; the brazilian strain potential as biocontroler of M. enterolobii was also demonstred. Future investigation perspectives with those fungi are opened for their use as biological control agents for nematode pest management strategies.

Recientemente se informaron aislamientos de Pochonia chlamydosporia (Goddard) Zare y Gams parasitando huevos de Meloidogyne enterolobii Yang y Eisenback (syn. jun. Meloidogyne mayaguensis Rammah y Hirschmann) en plantaciones de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.), al nordeste de Brasil. Teniendo en cuenta el peligro potencial de esta plaga para numerosos cultivos incluyendo las hortalizas, se realizó un experimento en casa de vegetación con dos repeticiones en el tiempo. El objetivo fue evaluar las actividades saprofítica y patogénica de tres cepas brasileñas (CG1003, CG1006 y CG1041) y una cubana (IMI SD 187) de P. chlamydosporia frente a M. enterolobii, en una sucesión de cultivos tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)- lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.). Al finalizar el ciclo de los cultivos, 6 meses después de la aplicación, se comprobó que la colonización de P. chlamydosporia se mantuvo en el orden de 10(4) UFC.g-1 de suelo y mayor de 10³ UFC.g-1 en las raíces, excepto para la cepa CG1041 (10² UFC.g-1 de raíz). El porcentaje de colonización de estos hongos sobre las masas de huevos fue superior al 60% en todos los tratamientos, mientras que los porcentajes de parasitismo de huevos estuvieron entre 45 y 55%. Estos resultados validaron la cepa cubana frente a una diana y en condiciones diferentes a las que es originaria y se demostró que las cepas brasileñas son potenciales biocontroladores de M. enterolobii, abriéndose así futuras perspectivas de investigación como agentes de control biológico integrados para el manejo de este nematodo.

RESUMO Foram avaliados, quanto a toxicidade para Beauveria bassiana, noventa e três produtos fitossanitários recomendados para o controle de pragas e doenças de culturas olerícolas e ornamentais no Brasil. Os parâmetros considerados foram crescimento vegetativo e reprodução do patógeno em meio de cultura BDA, inoculado com concentrações comerciais dos produtos. Houve grande variação na toxicidade entre as classes de produtos fitossanitários. Os 3 espalhantes adesivos avaliados foram muito tóxicos ao patógeno. Entre os 36 produtos fungicidas, apenas três foram compatíveis, tendo como ingredientes ativos: propamocarb hidrocloreto, enxofre e kasugamycin. Um número maior de produtos acaricida e/ou inseticida foram compatíveis. Assim, dos 54 produtos testados, 24 foram compatíveis e estão distribuídos entre os seguintes ingredientes ativos: abamectin, acefato, acetamiprid, betacyflutrin, bifentrina, ciromazina, deltametrina, diafentiuron, diflubenzuron, dimetoato, fenpropatrina, fenpyroximate, fenvalerate, imidacloprid, metamidofós, propargite, tebufenozide etriclorfon. Houve grande variação na toxicidade dos produtos dentro de cada grupo químico e produtos formulados com a mesma molécula química. Não houve correlação entre tamanho das colônias e produção de conídios de B. bassiana, com alguns produtos estimulando o crescimento da colônia e outros a produção de conídios. Estudos de toxicidade de produtos fitossanitários a inimigos naturais permitem a utilização prática e imediata dos resultados, e também, criam-se novas linhas de trabalho que virão complementar e viabilizar a utilização destas duas estratégias de controle em um programa de Manejo Integrado de Pragas. bassiana Brasil BDA fungicidas ativos hidrocloreto kasugamycin eou ou Assim 5 testados 2 abamectin acefato acetamiprid betacyflutrin bifentrina ciromazina deltametrina diafentiuron diflubenzuron dimetoato fenpropatrina fenpyroximate fenvalerate imidacloprid metamidofós propargite etriclorfon química B resultados também criamse criam se Pragas

ABSTRACT Ninety-three products used for control of insects and diseases in vegetable and ornamental crops in Brazil were evaluated for their toxic effect against the fungus Beauveria bassiana. Vegetative growth and spore yields were measured on PDA medium mixed with commercial concentrations of the products. There was large variability in the toxicity of different classes of the products. Three spreader/ stickers were very toxic to the entomopathogen. Among the 36 fungicides tested, only 3 were compatible with B. bassiana: propamocarb hydrochloride, sulfur and kasugamycin. A greater proportion of insecticides and mitecides were compatible with the fungus. Among 54 insecticides or mitecides, 24 were compatible with B. bassiana including those with the following active igredients: abamectin, acefato, acetamiprid, betacyflutrin, bifentrina, ciromazina, deltametrina, diafentiuron, diflubenzuron, dimetoato, fenpropatrina, fenpyroximate, fenvalerate, imidacloprid, metamidof-s, propargite, and tebufenozide etriclorfon. There was large variability in the toxicity of products within a chemical group and products containing the same active ingredient. There was no correlation between the colony diameter and conidial yield, because some products affected vegetative growth while others affected conidial production. Studies on the toxicity of pest-control products against natural enemies provide practical results that can be used immediately. Also, these studies open new reseach possibilities that could complement or allow for the use of these two control stategies in a program of integrated pest management. Ninetythree Ninety three spreader entomopathogen tested B hydrochloride kasugamycin 5 2 igredients abamectin acefato acetamiprid betacyflutrin bifentrina ciromazina deltametrina diafentiuron diflubenzuron dimetoato fenpropatrina fenpyroximate fenvalerate imidacloprid metamidofs, metamidofs metamidof s, s metamidof-s propargite etriclorfon ingredient yield production pestcontrol immediately Also management