Resumo Os Carcinomas neuroendócrinos (CNE) são tumores raros e heterogéneos em Cabeça e Pescoço (CP) especialmente na laringe, representando menos de 1% dos tumores primários. São classificados em diferentes graus de acordo com a diferenciação celular. O tratamento é multidisciplinar e inclui quimioterapia, cirurgia e radioterapia. Descreve-se o caso clínico de uma paciente de 73 anos com disfonia progressiva e com lesão laríngea. A biópsia histológica da lesão confirmou carcinoma neuroendócrino de pequenas células (CNEPC). A doente foi estadiada como um T3N0M0 e foi submetida a quimioterapia e radioterapia concomitantes. Devido a uma obstrução aguda da via aérea, passou por uma cirurgia a laser de CO2. Após o tratamento com radioterapia (com dose total de 70Gy) e quimioterapia com carboplatino e etoposídeo, a paciente apresentava-se com bom estado geral e sem queixas relacionadas com tratamento. O tratamento do CNEPC geralmente inclui uma abordagem multidisciplinar, no entanto, a taxa de recorrência é elevada, destacando a necessidade de um acompanhamento rigoroso para atuação tão precoce quanto possível, assim como follow-up a longo prazo para avaliar a eficácia do tratamento e a sobrevida dos pacientes. Em conclusão, este caso representa uma patologia rara, diagnosticado num estadio precoce em que foi possível realizar terapêutica com intuito radical graças a uma abordagem multidisciplinar, sem intercorrências major, e até ao momento sem evidência de recidiva.

Abstract Neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) are rare and heterogeneous tumours in the Head and Neck (HN), especially in the larynx, representing less than 1% of primary tumours. They are classified into different grades according to cellular differentiation. Treatment is multidisciplinary and includes chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy. We describe the case of a 73-year-old patient with progressive dysphonia and laryngeal lesion. Histological biopsy of the lesion confirmed small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC). The patient was staged as T3N0M0 and underwent concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Due to acute airway obstruction, she underwent CO2 laser surgery. Following treatment with radiotherapy (total dose of 70Gy) and chemotherapy with carboplatin and etoposide, the patient was in good overall condition with no treatment-related complaints. Treatment of SNEC generally involves a multidisciplinary approach; however, the recurrence rate is high, highlighting the need for rigorous monitoring for early intervention, as well as long-term follow-up to assess treatment efficacy and patient survival. In conclusion, this case represents a rare entity, diagnosed in an early stage in which a radical treatment was possible thanks to a multidisciplinar approach, with no major intercurrence, and with no evidence of relapse until the present moment.

Abstract Background and Objectives: Endoscopic band ligation (EBL) plays a critical role in patients with clinically significant portal hypertension, as variceal eradication (VE) is essential to prevent further variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GI). The emergence of COVID-19 has led to a dramatic reduction in endoscopic activity. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on VE, GI, and 6-month mortality of patients treated with prophylactic EBL therapy. In addition, our goal was to identify the risk factors for our proposed outcomes. Methods: Asingle-center retrospective cohort study included patients with esophageal varices treated with prophylactic EBL therapy between 2017 and 2021. To demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 on two independent groups on prophylactic EBL therapy with 1 year of follow-up, March 2019 was selected as the cut-off date. Clinical, laboratory, and endo-scopic data were recovered from electronic reports. Results: Ninety-seven patients underwent 398 prophylactic EBL sessions,75men (77.3%) withmeanage 59 ± 12 years. Most achieved VE (60.8%), 14.4% had GI bleeding post-therapy, and 15.5% died at 6 months. The rate of variceal obliteration was significantly lower in the pan-demic group (40.9% vs. 77.4% in the pre-pandemic group, p = 0.001). Mean number of EBL sessions and pandemic group were independently associated with incomplete VE, while MELD-Na, portal vein thrombosis and failed VE were identified as risk factors associated with mortality at 6months. Conclusions: Almost60%ofpatientsinthe pandemic group failed to eradicate esophageal varices. Failure to achieve this result conferred a higher risk of GI bleeding and death at 6 months, the latter also significantly associated with the MELD-Na score and portal vein thrombosis. Our study is among the first to demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 in patients receiving prophylactic EBL therapy.

Resumo Introdução e objetivos: A laqueação elástica endoscópica (LEE) é crucial nos doentes com hipertensão portal clinicamente significativa, uma vez que permite a erradicação das varizes esofágicas (EVE) que, por sua vez, previne a hemorragia digestiva varicosa. Com o início da pandemia COVID-19, a atividade endoscópica foi drasticamente reduzida. Com este estudo pretendemos avaliar ainfluência da COVID-19 na EVE, hemorragia gastro-intestinal (GI) e mortalidade aos 6 meses dos doentes sob LEE profilática, assim como identificar os seus fatores de risco. Métodos: Estudo de coorte monocêntrico e retrospetivo que incluiu doentes com varizes esofágicas sob LEE profilática entre 2017 e 2021. Para demonstrar o impacto da pandemia COVID-19 em dois grupos independentes sob LEE profilática durante um ano de follow-up, a escolha da data-limite foi Março de 2019. Os dados clínicos, laboratoriais e endoscópicos foram obtidos a partir dos relatórios eletrónicos. Resultados: Noventa e sete doentes cumpriram 398 sessões de LEE, 75 homens (77,3%), com idade média de 59 ± 12 anos. A maioria dos doentes obteve EVE (60,8%), 14,4% desenvolveu hemorragia GI e 15,5% faleceu nos primeiros 6 meses pós-terapêutica. A taxa de EVE foi significativamente inferior no grupo pandémico (40,9% vs. 77,4% no grupo pré-pandémico, p = 0.001). O número médio de sessões de LEE e o grupo pandémico foram independentemente associados à EVE incompleta; enquanto MELD-NA, trombose da veia porta e falha na EVE foram identificados como fatores de risco associados à mortalidade aos 6 meses. Conclusão: Cerca de 60% dos doentes no grupo pandémico não conseguiu erradicar as varizes esofágicas. A EVE incompleta aumenta o risco de hemorragia GI e mortalidade aos 6 meses, esta última também associada de forma significativa ao score MELD-Na e TVP. O nosso estudo foi pioneiro na demonstração do impacto da pandemia COVID-19 nos doentes sob LEE profilática.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate whether bacterial inoculation improves the fermentative, microbiological, and chemical characteristics of silages of the elephant grass cv. BRS Capiaçu on different regrowth days. The experimental design was completely randomized and set up in a 3x2 factorial arrangement (three regrowth days, with and without inoculant), with four replications. There was a significant interaction between the regrowth days and inoculant on the pH, ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), and effluent losses (EL) of the silages. Inoculation decreased the EL with the advance of regrowth days and increased the dry matter recovery index compared to the silages without inoculant. The population of molds and yeasts decreased when inoculation was adopted to the forage harvested after 85 d. There was a significant interaction between the dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) contents of the silages. Inoculation in the grass harvested after 85 d increased the DM contents of the silage. The highest CP contents were observed in the silages after 85 d. The NDFap contents of the grasses harvested after 110 and 135 d were higher than those of the grass harvested after 85 d. The NDFap contents of the silages without inoculant increased with the harvest age. The BRS Capiaçu forage silage harvested at 110 d demonstrated favorable performance for silage production. However, the influence of inoculant use was low for the characteristics evaluated.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar si la inoculación bacteriana mejora las características fermentativas, microbiológicas y químicas de los ensilados del pasto elefante cv. BRS Capiaçu en diferentes días de rebrote. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar y se estableció en un arreglo factorial 3x2 (tres días de rebrote, con y sin inoculante), con cuatro repeticiones. Hubo una interacción significativa entre los días de rebrote y el inoculante sobre el pH, el nitrógeno amoniacal (N-NH3) y las pérdidas por efluentes (PE) de los ensilados. La inoculación disminuyó la PE con el avance de los días de rebrote y aumentó la tasa de recuperación de materia seca en comparación con los ensilados sin inoculante. La población de mohos y levaduras disminuyó cuando se adoptó la inoculación al forraje cosechado después de 85 d. Hubo una interacción significativa entre la materia seca (MS), la proteína cruda (PC) y la fibra detergente neutro corregida por los contenidos de cenizas y proteína (FDNcp) de los ensilados. La inoculación en el pasto cosechado después de 85 días aumentó el contenido de MS del ensilado. Los mayores contenidos de PC se observaron en los ensilados después de 85 días. Los contenidos de FDNcp de los pastos cosechados después de 110 y 135 días fueron mayores que el del pasto cosechado después de 85 días. El contenido de FDNcp de los ensilados sin inoculante aumentó con la edad de cosecha. El ensilado de forraje de BRS Capiaçu cosechado a los 110 días demostró un desempeño favorable para la producción de ensilado. Sin embargo, la influencia del uso de inoculantes fue baja para las características evaluadas.

ABSTRACT Drug repositioning seeks to discover new applications for a drug that has already been approved in the market, resulting in faster and lower cost solutions, generally used for diseases that receive little investment, such as cutaneous leishmaniasis. In this context, hesperidin, commercially approved as Daflon®, is a flavonoid that belongs to the chalcones group, a class that has antileishmanial potential. The present study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of commercial hesperidin. Hesperidin (9 to 0.56 mg mL-1) was tested against promastigote and amastigote forms of four dermotropic species of Leishmania, namely L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) braziliensis and L. (V.) naiffi. For the in vivo tests, hamsters were infected in the snout and the lesions were treated with intralesional hesperidin. The treatment effectiveness was assessed by measuring the total volume of the lesion on the snout and determining the parasitic load. The in vitro results showed moderate toxicity in murine macrophages, with higher efficacy in L. (L.) amazonensis when compared to the other species tested. The in vivo results showed that hesperidin was able to gradually reduce the size of lesions by L. (L.) amazonensis, although it did not induce clinical and parasitological cure. Thus, hesperidin showed potential in in vitro tests against L. (L.) amazonensis and further studies with new formulations and experimental treatment schemes should be carried out. market solutions investment leishmaniasis context Daflon Daflon® group 9 ( 056 0 56 0.5 mL1 mL 1 mL-1 Leishmania L (L. V. V (V. guyanensis naiffi load macrophages cure Thus out 05 5 0. mL- (L (V

RESUMO O reposicionamento de medicamentos busca descobrir novas aplicações para um medicamento já aprovado no mercado, resultando em soluções mais rápidas e de menor custo, geralmente utilizadas para doenças que recebem pouco investimento, como a leishmaniose tegumentar. Nesse contexto, a hesperidina, aprovada comercialmente como Daflon®, tem despertado interesse científico por ser um flavonoide pertencente ao grupo das chalconas, classe que possui potencial antileishmania. O presente estudo avaliou a atividade antileishmania in vitro e in vivo da hesperidina comercial. A hesperidina (9 a 0,56 mg mL-1) foi testada contra as formas promastigota e amastigota de quatro espécies dermotrópicas de Leishmania, sendo elas L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (V.) guyanensis, L. (V.) braziliensis e L. (V.) naiffi. Para os testes, os hamsters foram infectados no focinho e as lesões tratadas com hesperidina intralesional, cuja eficácia foi avaliada através da aferição do volume total da lesão no focinho e a determinação da carga parasitária. Os resultados in vitro demonstraram toxicidade moderada em macrófagos murinos e melhor eficácia em Leishmania (L.) amazonensis quando comparados às demais espécies testadas. Os resultados in vivo mostraram que a hesperidina foi capaz de reduzir gradativamente o tamanho das lesões causadas por L. (L.) amazonensis, embora não tenha induzido a cura clínica e parasitológica. Assim, a hesperidina mostrou-se promissora em estudos in vitro contra Leishmania (L.) amazonensis e novos estudos com novas formulações e esquemas de tratamento experimental devem ser realizados. mercado custo investimento tegumentar contexto Daflon Daflon® chalconas comercial 9 ( 056 0 56 0,5 mL1 mL 1 mL-1 L (L. V. V (V. guyanensis naiffi testes intralesional parasitária testadas parasitológica Assim mostrouse mostrou se realizados 05 5 0, mL- (L (V

ABSTRACT Insulinomas are rare neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas. Minimally invasive treatment options for insulinomas have gained prominence, replacing surgical resection due to its associated morbidity and mortality. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a relevant treatment option. We present a case of a female patient with neuroglycopenic symptoms and severe hypoglycemic crises. The abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a small nodular lesion in the pancreatic body. Laparotomy was performed, followed by RFA using a 15-mm active-tipped needle. No complications transpired, and no hypoglycemic episodes were observed during 12 months of follow-up. pancreas prominence mortality (RFA option crises MRI (MRI body performed 15mm mm 15 activetipped active tipped needle transpired 1 followup. followup follow up. up follow-up

RESUMO Os insulinomas são neoplasias raras do pâncreas endócrino. As opções de tratamento minimamente invasivas para os insulinomas têm ganhado destaque, substituindo a ressecção cirúrgica, devido à morbimortalidade associada. A ablação por radiofrequência (ARF) surgiu como uma opção de tratamento relevante. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino com sintomas neuroglicopênicos e crises hipoglicêmicas graves. A ressonância magnética (RM) abdominal revelou pequena lesão nodular no corpo pancreático. Foi realizada laparotomia seguida de ARF com agulha de ponta ativa de 15 mm. Nenhuma complicação ocorreu e nenhum episódio de hipoglicemia foi observado durante 12 meses de acompanhamento. endócrino destaque cirúrgica associada (ARF relevante graves RM (RM pancreático 1 mm acompanhamento

Abstract This article investigates how extractivism, operated in colonial territories, enabled the worldwide consolidation and expansion of the capitalist system, the viability of which has continued through to the present day. In order to illustrate our arguments, we have used the example of mining. We then move on to indicate the existing complicity between the construction sector, which involves the practice of architecture, and global capitalism, based on the production of commodities for export. We also demonstrate how belief in the eco-efficiency of ‘green’ technologies and buildings masks the externalization of socio-environmental impacts generated by hegemonic production processes, such as those that are part of the iron and steel production chain (materials we widely use in civil construction). Lastly, we analyze the emblematic case of the Piquiá de Baixo community (Brazil), through which the problems presented in this work may be better explained. extractivism territories system day arguments mining sector architecture capitalism export ecoefficiency eco efficiency ‘green green socioenvironmental socio environmental processes materials construction. . construction) Lastly Brazil, Brazil , (Brazil) explained (Brazil

Resumo O presente artigo investiga como o extrativismo, operado nos territórios coloniais, possibilitou a consolidação e a expansão mundial do sistema capitalista, sendo que continua viabilizando-o no presente. Para ilustrar nossos argumentos, usamos o exemplo da mineração. Em seguida, apontamos a cumplicidade existente entre o setor construtivo, em que a Arquitetura é praticada, e o capitalismo exportador de commodities. Indicamos ainda que a crença na ecoeficiência das tecnologias e edificações ‘verdes’, na verdade, mascara a externalização dos danos socioambientais gerados pelos processos de produção hegemônicos - como aqueles que compõem a cadeia produtiva do ferro e do aço (materiais que, em boa parte, empregamos na Construção Civil). Por fim, analisamos o emblemático caso da comunidade de Piquiá de Baixo (MA), em que as problemáticas apresentadas neste trabalho podem ser melhor explicitadas. extrativismo coloniais capitalista viabilizandoo viabilizando argumentos mineração seguida construtivo praticada commodities ‘verdes, verdes ‘verdes , ‘verdes’ verdade materiais parte Civil. Civil . Civil) fim MA, MA (MA) explicitadas (MA

ABSTRACT Xylem sap-feeding auchenorrhynchans, e.g. sharpshooters and spittlebugs (Hemiptera: Cicadellinae and Cercopoidea, respectively), are considered potential vectors of the xylem-limited bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, which is associated with olive leaf desiccation syndrome, a severe disease affecting olive orchards (Olea europaea L.) in the Mantiqueira mountain range region, southeastern Brazil. We evaluated, through faunal analysis, the composition and predominance of Cicadellinae and Cercopoidea species collected fortnightly over two years with yellow sticky cards in eight olive orchards distributed along an altitudinal gradient in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. A high diversity of Cicadellinae (64 species) and Cercopoidea (10 species) was found in the orchards, with 20 of them considered predominant. Clastoptera sp. 1, Macugonalia cavifrons, and Scopogonalia paula were the most representative among the predominant species. We also found out that the trap position on the olive tree canopy at a height of 0.8 m above ground is more efficient than at 1.6 m for capturing the majority of Cicadellinae and Cercopoidea species associated with olive orchards. sapfeeding sap feeding auchenorrhynchans eg e g e.g Hemiptera (Hemiptera respectively, respectively , respectively) xylemlimited xylem limited fastidiosa syndrome Olea L. L region Brazil evaluated analysis Gerais 64 (6 10 (1 2 sp 1 cavifrons 08 0 8 0. 16 6 1. (

Abstract The use of different medical imaging modalities is becoming more frequently engaged in medical applications. This is mainly due to the expansion of different computational processing techniques, which facilitates not only diagnosis but also the follow-up care during medical treatments. The use of anatomical medical images, acquired by computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can be registered with the functional images of the human body, obtained by other exams, such as infrared thermography and scintigraphy. Therefore, this combination of different imaging modalities is representing an innovative perspective in medicine. The methodology presented in this paper allows the imaging fusion and achieves new 2D images, which merge different modalities altogether. The image data acquired are aligned based on the affine registration, where at least three corresponding pairs of points are selected in both images. For this purpose, it was developed a script in MATLAB®. This processing allows the combination of different pairs of images, as it also applies transparencies into them. The results obtained can grant the visualization of the thyroid and other structures of the human anatomy simultaneously into a single aligned image. In this research, the focus is to perform imaging fusion of anatomical and functional images. As example, the endocrinology case study proposed was applied for a Graves’ disease. This is a hyperthyroidism condition that causes the thyroid gland to hyper-uptakes related to the radiopharmaceuticals being used during the scintigraphy imaging. Additionally, this image was also blended with infrared thermography image, among other further combinations. Innovative results are presented based on the superposition/overlap of a pair of images, allowing physicians to evaluate both anatomical and functional images. Therefore, this paper presents the investigation of an endocrinological application improving diagnostic sensitivity. applications techniques followup follow up treatments CT (CT MRI, MRI , (MRI) body exams Therefore medicine D altogether registration purpose MATLAB MATLAB® them research example Graves disease hyperuptakes hyper uptakes Additionally combinations superpositionoverlap superposition overlap sensitivity (MRI

RESUMO O artigo parte de uma reflexão sobre os impasses políticos do Brasil das duas primeiras décadas do século XXI para se perguntar sobre como a poesia reflete a exaustão do processo formativo brasileiro e os impasses da consolidação do capitalismo neoliberal como forma de vida hegemônica. A análise tem como pano de fundo aquilo que, na pesquisa em curso, estamos caracterizando como dificuldade, conceito que nomeia o esvaziamento histórico da ideia de resistência. Para isso, são analisados dois poemas de Ricardo Domeneck. hegemônica curso dificuldade resistência isso Domeneck

ABSTRACT The article begins with a reflection on the political impasses in Brazil during the first two decades of the 21st century, to then ask how poetry reflects the exhaustion of the Brazilian formative process and the impasses of the consolidation of neoliberal capitalism as a hegemonic way of life. This analysis has as a background what, in the ongoing research, we are characterizing as difficulty, a concept that names the historical emptying of the idea of resistance. For this, we analyze two poems by the Brazilian poet Ricardo Domeneck. st century life what research difficulty resistance this Domeneck

Abstract Returning to the principles that work is not inherently a commodity and that common resources are also the consequence of political practice, this article analyzes four communitarian spaces in the city of Lisbon with the aim of understanding the commons in an urban context. Based on semi-structured interviews with participants and activists of these projects and, complimentarily, participant observation, we analyzed their motivations and the conditions in which they carried out their work. The results highlight the centrality of the idea of community and the individual and social fulfilment of the participants in the spaces studied.

Resumo Retomando os princípios de que o trabalho não é inerentemente uma mercadoria e que os recursos comuns são também consequência de uma prática política, este artigo analisa quatro espaços comunitários na cidade de Lisboa com o objetivo de compreender os comuns no contexto urbano. Com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas a participantes e ativistas desses projetos e, complementarmente, observação participante, analisamos as motivações dos mesmos e as condições em que realizam o seu trabalho. Destacam-se dos resultados a centralidade assumida pela ideia de comunidade e a realização individual e social dos participantes nos espaços estudados.

Abstract Between the start of the financial crisis (2007-08) and the pandemic crisis (2020-), Lisbon was at its peak as a fashionable European tourist destination. During this period, in a singular concentra-tion in the Portuguese capital, associations and other collectives proliferated as alternative spaces, overlapping political and cultural action. In this dossier, through a qualitative methodology of eth-nographic nature, we show that these spaces form a model of urban development of their own. If, since the 1970s, alternative spaces have played a role in resisting gentrification in several western countries, the case of Lisbon stands out for its contrast with a national context of weak civic partic-ipation.

Resumo Entre o início da crise financeira (2007-08) e a crise pandémica (2020-), Lisboa estava no auge como destino turístico europeu da moda. Nesse período, numa singular concentração na capital portuguesa, associações e outros coletivos proliferaram como espaços alternativos, imbricando ação política e cultural. Neste dossiê, através de uma metodologia qualitativa de pendor etnográfico, mostramos que estes espaços configuram um modelo de desenvolvimento urbano próprio. Se, desde os anos 1970, os espaços alternativos têm desempenhado um papel de resistência à gentrificação em vários países ocidentais, o caso de Lisboa sobressai pelo contraste com um contexto nacional de fraca participação cívica.

Abstract This article focuses on the main contributions of the European project Uncharted on emerging values in European cultural governance, relying on a wide document analysis, focus groups and interviews with a plethora of actors. By analyzing four Iberian case studies we seek to identify the diversity of values that shape cultural policy decisions and practices, focusing on the tensions and conflicts between the actors involved and their valuations. It will be shown that actors mobilize around disputes over the hierarchy of values, which requires an understanding of the contexts in which each repertoire is established, even if the conflictuality is exercised within the same model of cultural policy, prevalent in the two Iberian countries.

Résumé Cet article se concentre sur les principales contributions du projet européen Uncharted sur les valeurs émergentes dans la gouvernance culturelle européenne, en s’appuyant sur une large analyse documentaire, des groupes de discussion et des entretiens avec une pléthore d’acteurs. En analysant quatre études de cas ibériques, nous cherchons à identifier la diversité des valeurs qui façonnent les décisions et les pratiques de la politique culturelle, en nous concentrant sur les tensions et les conflits entre les acteurs impliqués et leurs valorisations. On montrera que les acteurs se mobilisent autour de conflits sur la hiérarchie des valeurs, ce que nécessite une compréhension des contextes dans lesquels chaque répertoire est établi, même si la conflictualité s’exerce au sein d’un même modèle de politique culturelle, prévalant dans les deux pays ibériques.

Resumen Este artículo se centra en las principales aportaciones del proyecto europeo Uncharted sobre los valores emergentes en la gobernanza cultural europea, basándose en un amplio análisis documental, grupos de discusión y entrevistas con una gran cantidad de actores. Mediante el análisis de cuatro estudios de caso ibéricos se pretende identificar la diversidad de valores que conforman las decisiones y prácticas de política cultural, centrándose en las tensiones y conflictos entre los actores implicados y sus valoraciones. Se demostrará que los actores se movilizan en torno a las disputas sobre la jerarquía de valores, lo que exige comprender los contextos en los que se establece cada repertorio, aunque la conflictividad se ejerza dentro del mismo modelo de política cultural, predominante en los dos países ibéricos.

Resumo Este artigo centra-se nos principais contributos do projeto europeu Uncharted sobre os valores emergentes na administração cultural europeia, apoiando-se numa vasta análise documental, em grupos focais e entrevistas a uma plêiade de atores. Analisando quatro estudos de caso ibéricos, procura-se identificar a diversidade de valores que moldam as decisões e práticas de política cultural, com foco nas tensões e conflitos entre os atores envolvidos e as suas valorações. Demonstrar-se-á que os atores se mobilizam em torno de disputas sobre a hierarquia de valores, o que exige uma compreensão dos contextos em que cada reportório se estabelece, ainda que a conflitualidade se exerça dentro de um mesmo modelo de política cultural, prevalecente nos dois países ibéricos.

Resumo: Objetivo O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar se a planície de inundação da bacia do alto rio São Francisco ainda é usada como berçário pelos peixes migradores, além de apresentar o status atual da ictiofauna da área após quase 40 anos desde o único estudo feito na região. Métodos A amostragem foi feita em sete lagoas perenes e seis temporárias, do rio São Francisco ou de seus tributários diretos, usando redes de espera e de arrasto. Foram medidos a temperatura, pH e transparência de cada lagoa. A riqueza estimada foi calculada e a assembleia de peixes das lagoas perenes e temporárias foi comparada usando NMDS e ANOSIM. Resultados Quarenta espécies foram capturadas, destas, quatro são não-nativas e três migradoras. Apesar da baixa abundância de espécies migradoras, a maioria dos indivíduos capturados eram juvenis. Além disso, as lagoas perenes apresentaram uma maior riqueza. Conclusões Depois de quase 40 anos, as lagoas da planície de inundação da bacia do alto rio São Francisco continuam sendo importantes para o recrutamento de espécies migradoras, além de abrigar uma porção impressionante da fauna de peixes do alto rio São Francisco. Apesar disso, a redução de espécies migradoras e a presença de espécies não-nativas podem ser sinais de degradação desses ambientes, enfatizando a necessidade de medidas de conservação nessa área. Resumo migradores 4 região diretos arrasto temperatura lagoa ANOSIM capturadas destas nãonativas não nativas juvenis disso ambientes

Abstract: Aim This study aimed to evaluate whether the upper São Francisco River basin floodplain is still used as a nursery by migratory fish and present the current status of the area’s ichthyofauna after almost 40 years since the only survey was conducted in the region. Methods Sampling occurred in seven perennial lagoons and six temporaries from São Francisco River or its direct tributaries using gillnets and trawls. Temperature, pH, and transparency of each lagoon were measured. The estimated richness was calculated, and the fish assemblage from both perennial and temporary lagoons was compared using NMDS and ANOSIM. Results Forty species were captured, of which four were non-native and three were migratory. Although there was a low abundance of migratory species, most captured individuals were juveniles. Moreover, the perennial lagoons showed higher species richness. Conclusions After almost 40 years, the floodplain lagoons of the upper São Francisco basin remain important for the recruitment of migratory species and harbor an impressive proportion of fish fauna in the upper São Francisco area. However, the reduction of migratory species and the presence of non-natives may be a sign of the degradation of these environments, emphasizing the need for conservation measures in this area. Abstract areas area s 4 region trawls Temperature pH measured calculated ANOSIM nonnative non native juveniles Moreover However nonnatives natives environments

Abstract Mangroves occur in the tropics and subtropics. This region is constantly covered by clouds and therefore highly challenging to map and monitor. Technological advances in remote sensing have increased the flexibility of performing such analyses. In this study, mapping and change detection were carried out for mangrove areas of the South and Southeast regions of Brazil between 2008 and 2016 using multisensor data and geographical object-based image analysis (GEOBIA). The 823.03 km² mangrove areas in study site in 2008 were reduced to 789.00 km² in 2016, representing a net loss of ~34 km². A change detection analysis of the mangrove areas showed a total gain of 138.21 km², a total loss of 172.24 km² and no change for 650.79 km². The GEOBIA classification accuracy was assessed by performing a statistical analysis of confusion matrix: (2008): global accuracy = 0.92, Kappa index = 0.84 and Tau index = 0.84; and (2016): global accuracy = 0.93, Kappa index = 0.86 and Tau index = 0.86. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the GEOBIA to map and analyze mangrove dynamics. The results exhibit an excellent accuracy. Furthermore, mangrove areas in the south and southeast Brazil were mapped from the same methodological approach. subtropics monitor analyses 200 201 objectbased object based GEOBIA. . (GEOBIA) 82303 823 03 823.0 km 78900 789 00 789.0 34 ~3 13821 138 21 138.2 17224 172 24 172.2 65079 650 79 650.7 matrix (2008) 092 0 92 0.92 084 84 0.8 (2016) 093 93 0.93 086 86 dynamics Furthermore approach 20 (GEOBIA 8230 82 823. 7890 78 789. 3 ~ 1382 13 2 138. 1722 17 172. 6507 65 7 650. (2008 09 9 0.9 08 8 0. (2016 1 6 (200 (201 (20 (2 (

Abstract Remifentanil is a modern fentanyl analogue with ultrashort-action granted by an esterase-labile methyl propanoate chain. Here, we present the development of a continuous flow methodology for the key N-alkylation step of remifentanil preparation in a biphasic, “slug-flow” regime. We screened parameters under microwave-assisted reactions, translated conditions to flow settings, and obtained remifentanil under 15-min residence time in a 1-mL microreactor, with a space-time yield of 89 mg/mL·h and 94% yield. ultrashortaction ultrashort action esteraselabile esterase labile chain Here Nalkylation N alkylation biphasic slugflow slug “slug-flow regime microwaveassisted microwave assisted reactions settings 15min min 15 1mL mL 1 microreactor spacetime space 8 mgmLh mg h 94 9