Resumo Este estudo avalia a destreza de dois modelos climáticos globais (CPTEC e CFSv2) e de um modelo climático regional (RegCM4) em prever o clima sazonal em diferentes regiões do Brasil. O RegCM4 foi dirigido tanto com as saídas do sistema CFSv2 quanto do modelo do CPTEC. Também foram utilizadas duas versões do RegCM: a 4.3 e a 4.5. O RegCM4.3 foi dirigido por seis membros do CFSv2, enquanto o RegCM4.5 foi dirigido por um membro do modelo global do CPTEC. Todas as previsões iniciaram cerca de dois meses antes do trimestre a ser previsto e ao todo foram realizadas 94 simulações com o modelo regional. De forma geral, o RegCM4 adiciona valor às previsões dos modelos climáticos globais, principalmente, quando é aninhado às saídas do modelo do CPTEC. Quando o RegCM4.5 é dirigido por esse modelo global e é utilizada a parametrização de convecção cumulus de Emanuel há uma boa performance do modelo regional na previsão da precipitação e temperatura do ar em quase todo o Brasil.

Abstract This study evaluates the ability of two global climate models (CPTEC and CFSv2) and a regional climate model (RegCM4) in predicting the seasonal climate in different regions of Brazil. RegCM4 was drove with the outputs of two global climate models: CFSv2 system and CPTEC. Two versions of RegCM were employed in the study: 4.3 and 4.5. RegCM4.3 was ran with six members of CFSv2 system, while RegCM4.5 was ran with a member of the CPTEC model. All forecasts started about two months before the season to be predicted and in all 94 simulations with the regional climate model were carried out. RegCM4 adds value to the predictions of the global climate models, mainly when it is nested to the CPTEC outputs. When RegCM4.5 is drove by CPTEC outputs and Emanuel cumulus convection parameterization is used, there is a good performance of the regional climate model in predicting the precipitation and air temperature in almost all Brazil.

Se registra la activación psicofisiológica en pacientes oncológicos durante la aplicación de técnicas de relajación antes de someterse a una prueba diagnóstica (TEP-TAC). Se plantea un doble objetivo: primero, comprobar si dichas técnicas minimizan el estado de activación de los pacientes antes de realizar pruebas diagnósticas, y en segundo lugar, medir cuáles de estas son más efectivas para relajarse. La variable dependiente es la actividad electrodérmica, registrando el nivel atencional y la respuesta emocional, y la variable independiente son las técnicas de relajación de Jacobson, de respiración y de visualización. Se distribuyen los pacientes (n = 39) en 3 grupos experimentales y se les aplican las técnicas antes de realizar el TEP-TAC: Jacobson, respiración y visualización. Se utiliza un procedimiento para el registro de la actividad electrodérmica durante la relajación por módulos de actividad: instrucciones, tiempo muerto; espera, tarea; relajación, y fin del registro. El grupo control no recibe relajación antes del TEP-TAC. Los resultados indican que los pacientes que realizan relajación consiguen mayor focalización atencional con Jacobson (M = .212) y mayor contención emocional con la visualización (M = .206). Se concluye que las técnicas de relajación minimizan el estado de activación durante el periodo de espera antes de una prueba diagnóstica.

Psychophysiological arousal was observed in cancer patients during the application of relaxation techniques prior to a diagnostic scan (PET-CT). The aim of the study is two fold: firstly, it is sought to establish whether such techniques can minimize patient arousal before diagnostic screening begins, and secondly to measure which of them are most effective. The dependent variable is electrodermal activity, recording the attentional level and emotional response, and the independent variable comprises the relaxation techniques used, namely Jacobson, breathing and visualization. The 39 patients were split into experimental groups to whom the relaxation techniques (Jacobson, breathing exercises, and visualization) were applied before they went for the PET-CT. An activity-module procedure was applied to track electrodermal activity during the relaxation sessions, consisting of instructions, time out; wait, task; relaxation and end of the recording session. The control group received no relaxation techniques before the PET-CT. Session-end results show that patients who perform relaxation techniques achieve greater attentional focus using Jacobs on’stechnique(M= .212) and enhanced emotional containment using visualization (M= .206). It is concluded that relaxation techniques minimize the state of activation during the waiting period before a diagnostic scan.