Aim This study was performed to compare two different rat defect models (critical calvaria defects versus guided bone regeneration in the mandibular ramus) used to evaluate bone repair in grafted areas. Methods A total of 12 rats were allocated in two groups according the experimental model used to evaluate the bone repair in grafted areas: a critical sized-calvaria defect of 5 mm filled with bone graft (n=6) and a mandibular ramus filled with the bone graft associated with a Teflon dome-shaped membrane (n=6). Both groups were grafted with deproteinized bovine bone graft. After 60 days, the animals were euthanized and the samples obtained were submitted to histomorphometry analysis to evaluate the relative amount of bone, remaining bone substitute, and soft tissue within the grafted areas. Results No differences were observed between the preclinical models evaluated in relation to the amount of bone tissue formation (19.93 ± 4.55% in calvaria vs. 21.00 ± 8.20% in mandible). However, there was a smaller amount of soft tissue (43.20 ± 10.97% vs. 57.79 ± 7.61 %; p<0.01) and a greater amount of bone substitute remaining (35.80 ± 5.52% vs. 22.28 ± 4.36 %; p<0.05) in the grafted areas in the mandible compared to calvaria defect. Conclusion Preclinical models for the analysis of bone repair in grafted areas in the mandible and critical sized-calvaria defects showed different responses in relation to the amount of soft tissue and bone substitute remnants. 1 sizedcalvaria sized n=6 n6 n 6 (n=6 domeshaped dome shaped n=6. . days 19.93 1993 19 93 (19.9 455 4 55 4.55 vs 2100 21 00 21.0 820 8 20 8.20 mandible. mandible) However 43.20 4320 43 (43.2 1097 10 97 10.97 5779 57 79 57.7 761 7 61 7.6 % p<0.01 p001 p 0 01 35.80 3580 35 80 (35.8 552 52 5.52 2228 22 28 22.2 436 36 4.3 p<0.05 p005 05 remnants n= (n= 19.9 199 9 (19. 45 4.5 210 2 21. 82 8.2 43.2 432 (43. 109 10.9 577 57. 76 7. p<0.0 p00 35.8 358 3 (35. 5.5 222 22. 4. (n 19. (19 8. 43. (43 10. p<0. p0 35. (35 5. (1 (4 p<0 (3 ( p<

Resumo Este artigo pretende discutir o impacto da participação no programa Studienreise, uma viagem acadêmico-cultural à Alemanha financiada pelo DAAD para 15 estudantes de Letras-Alemão da Universidade de São Paulo. O projeto para o pedido da verba para a viagem foi desenvolvido por uma docente da USP e realizado em cooperação com quatro universidades alemãs nas cidades de Berlim, Leipzig e Jena, além do engajamento ativo das estudantes envolvidas no programa. Para compreender as consequências da participação no projeto, a partir da perspectiva das estudantes, realizamos duas coletas de dados anônimas (antes e depois da viagem) por meio de questionários online. Este levantamento teve o intuito de averiguar o impacto da participação no programa tendo em vista os seguintes conhecimentos e experiências prévias e posteriores: língua e cultura alemã; objetivos individuais; motivação e participação; perspectivas futuras profissionais e pessoais. Os resultados indicam a grande relevância do envolvimento de estudantes de Letras-Alemão em programas como a Studienreise no que tange os seus conhecimentos e perspectivas profissionais, acadêmicas e individuais. Não obstante, foi possível observar a importância da preparação e seleção do projeto, das universidades parceiras e das estudantes envolvidas, como determinantes para experiências (inter)culturais e linguísticas críticas e decoloniais. acadêmicocultural acadêmico cultural 1 LetrasAlemão Letras Alemão Paulo Berlim Jena antes online posteriores alemã individuais pessoais obstante interculturais inter culturais decoloniais

Abstract This article aims at discussing the impact on students from participating in the Studienreise program, an academic-cultural travel to Germany, funded by DAAD, in which fifteen students from the German undergraduate course at the Universidade de São Paulo (USP) participated. The project which the group submitted for funding was developed by an USP professor and accomplished both with the cooperation of four German universities (in Berlin, Leipzig and Jena), and the active engagement of students. To understand the impact of participating in the project, from the students’ perspectives, two online forms for data collection were employed (before and after the trip). They aimed at verifying the impact of participating in the program considering the subsequent knowledge and previous and subsequent experiences with regard to: German language and culture; individual objectives; motivation and participation; future professional and personal perspectives. The results indicate the relevance of the German course students’ engagement in programs such as Studienreise regarding their knowledge and professional, academic and individual perspectives. Nonetheless, the importance of preparing and selecting the project by the partner universities and by the students themselves as determinants for the (inter)cultural and linguistic cultural and decolonial experiences was observed. academiccultural Germany DAAD (USP participated Berlin Jena, Jena , Jena) perspectives before trip. trip . trip) culture objectives participation Nonetheless intercultural inter observed

Resumo Esse estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a acurácia da análise microtomográfica em mensurações lineares e volumétricas em osso nativo (ON) e enxertado (OE). Para isso, 111 biópsias removidas de seios maxilares de pacientes enxertados com osso bovino desproteinizado foram coletadas e avaliadas. As medidas lineares foram realizadas para medir o comprimento do ON e do OE. Além disso, foi realizada a mensuração da quantidade de tecidos mineralizados em ON e OE. Na análise histomorfométrica a porcentagem de tecidos mineralizados do ON e OE foi obtida em dois cortes histológicos enquanto os tecidos mineralizados foram medidos em microtomografias variando os thresholds da escala de cinza variando de 90-250 a 90-150 com 10 níveis de variação entre cada. Em seguida, esses dados foram correlacionados para verificar o maior nível de R entre os intervalos dos thresholds testados na análise microtomográfica em relação aos dados obtidos na histomorfometria. O comprimento linear do ON foi de 2,44±0,91mm e 2,48±1,50mm, respectivamente, para análises microtomográfica e histomorfométrica (r=0,57), enquanto o comprimento linear do OE foi de 3,63±1,66mm e 3,13±1,45mm, respectivamente, para para análises microtomográfica e histomorfométrica (r =0,74) A histomorfometria detectou 45,91±11,69% de osso na porção de ON e 49,57±5,59% de osso e biomaterial na porção de OE. O volume total de tecidos mineralizados detectados pela análise microtomográfica que apresentou valores mais próximos da análise histomorfométrica foi de 43,75±15,39% no ON (Thresholds:90-240; r = 0,50) e 51,68±8,42% no OE (Thresholds:90-180; r =- 0,028). A análise microtomográfica apresentou boa acurácia na análise linear em ambas as porções das biópsias, porém a mesma apresentou boa acurácia para análise volumétrica apenas em áreas de ON.

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of Micro-CT in linear and volumetric measurements in native (NB) and grafted bone (GB) areas. A total of 111 biopsies of maxillary sinuses grafted with deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) in humans were evaluated. The linear measurements were performed to measure the length of the NB and GB. Furthermore, the amount of mineralized tissues at the NB and GB was performed. In the histomorphometry analysis the percentage of mineralized tissues at the NB and GB was obtained in two histological sections while the mineralized tissues were measure in the micro-CT varying the thresholds of the grayscale varying from 90-250 to 90-150 with 10 levels of variation between each one was applied. Then these data were correlated in order to check the higher r level between the histomorphometry and micro-CT thresholds intervals. The linear length of the NB was 2.44±0.91mm and 2.48±1.50mm, respectively, for micro-CT and histomorphometry (r =0.57), while the linear length of the GB was 3.63±1.66mm and 3.13±1.45mm, respectively, for micro-CT and histomorphometry (r =0.74) Histomorphometry showed 45.91±11.69% of bone in NB, and 49.57±5.59% of bone and biomaterial in the GB. The total volume of mineralized tissues that were closest to the histometric analysis were 43.75±15.39% in the NB (Threshold:90-240; r = 0.50) and 51.68±8.42% in the GB (Threshold:90-180; r =-0.028). The micro-CT analysis showed good accuracy in the linear analysis in both portions of the biopsies but for volumetric analysis just in NB.

RESUMO: Ainda não há consenso sobre qual é o protocolo mais apropriado para a produção in vivo de embriões em ovinos, apesar do crescente conhecimento. Uma abordagem para mitigar a variabilidade de resposta de ovelhas à superovulação (SOV) é iniciar a aplicação de gonadotrofinas em uma condição ovariana favorável. O presente estudo comparou três tratamentos em delineamento do tipo crossover: protocolo de SOV tradicional (TRAD) e “Dia 0” D0 SOV sem (D0-GnRH) ou com GnRH (D0+GnRH). Quinze ovelhas Santa Inês foram superovuladas com 200 mg de FSH em seis doses decrescentes e receberam PGF2α na quinta dose de FSH. As ovelhas foram submetidas a monta natural com carneiros férteis e os embriões colhidos por via cirúrgica. O número de embriões viáveis não diferiu entre os tratamentos (TRAD = 6,0 ± 4,7; D0-GnRH = 3,8 ± 6,4; D0+GnRH = 7,5 ± 6,5). Independentemente do tratamento, ovelhas com folículos ≤ 4 mm na primeira dose de FSH produziram mais embriões viáveis (9,6 ± 6,0; P < 0.05) quando comparadas aos animais que apresentavam folículos > 4 mm no início da SOV (2,9 ± 3,1 embriões viáveis). Os grupos TRAD e D0+GnRH apresentaram menor número de animais com folículos grandes (> 4 mm), no momento da primeira dose de FSH, quando comparados ao grupo D0-GnRH (P < 0,05). Em conclusão, os protocolos TRAD e D0+GnRH induziram uma condição ovariana mais favorável (folículos ≤ 4 mm) para a SOV. No entanto, os três tratamentos apresentaram eficiência semelhante em ovelhas Santa Inês.

ABSTRACT: There is still no consensus regarding the best protocol for in vivo embryo production in sheep despite increasing studies in this area. Moreover, there is variability in the response of ewes to superovulation (SOV). An approach to mitigate this inconsistency is to initiate gonadotropin administration under favorable ovarian conditions. The present study compared three treatments in a crossover design: a traditional SOV protocol (TRAD) and “Day 0” D0 SOV protocol with (D0+GnRH), or without Lecilerin (D0-GnRH). Fifteen Santa Inês ewes received 200 mg of FSH at six decreasing doses and PGF2α with the fifth dose of FSH. They were naturally mated with fertile rams and subjected to surgical embryo collection. The number of viable embryos was similar among the different treatments (TRAD = 6.0 ± 4.7; D0-GnRH = 3.8 ± 6.4; D0+GnRH = 7.5 ± 6.5). Regardless of the treatment method, ewes with follicles ≤ 4 mm, at the first FSH dose, produced more viable embryos (9.6 ± 6.0, P < 0.05) compared to ewes that had follicles > 4 mm at the beginning of the SOV (2.9 ± 3.1, viable embryos). Both the TRAD and D0+GnRH groups had fewer animals with large follicles (> 4 mm) at the first FSH dose than the D0-GnRH group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both the TRAD and D0+GnRH treatments induced a more favorable ovarian condition (follicles ≤ 4 mm) for adequate SOV; although, all three treatments exhibited similar efficacies in Santa Inês sheep.

Resumo Na RLT (Rapid Layer Technology), a cerâmica de cobertura e infraestrutura são fabricados pelo Computer-Aided Design / Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD / CAM) e cimentados para obter a restauração. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da espessura da cerâmica de cobertura fabricada pela técnica RLT na resistência à fratura (RF) de coroas bilaminadas com infraestrutura de zircônia. Vinte infraestruturas de zircônia e vinte coroas posteriores feldspáticas com duas espessuras oclusais da cerâmica de cobertura (1mm = TF1; 2mm = TF2) foram fabricadas usando o sistema CAD / CAM. Os espécimes foram cimentados em preparos de resina epóxi com cimento resinoso dual e ciclados mecanicamente (200N e 4,5×105 Pa, 37° C, 2×106 ciclos, 3Hz). O teste de RF foi realizado (10kN, 0,5mm / min) e, posteriormente, os espécimes foram analisados em estereomicroscópio. Para a análise de tensão (análise de elementos finitos, FEA), uma carga de 10kN foi aplicada igual ao teste in vitro, e a tensão principal foi avaliada. Os dados de RF foram analisados pelo teste t de Student e análise de Weibull. A espessura mostrou forte influência na RF das coroas bilaminadas. A RF foi maior em TF2 do que no grupo TF1. O grupo TF2 apresentou a maior resistência característica em relação ao grupo TF1. O tipo de falha predominante foi a delaminação. O FEA mostrou maiores concentrações de tensões abaixo do ponto de aplicação da carga, na interface cimento e cerâmica de cobertura no modelo de coroa de 1 mm de espessura. As coroas de bilaminadas confeccionadas com 2 mm de cerâmica de cobertura promoveram maior RF em comparação ao grupo com cerâmica de cobertura de 1 mm. Além disso, a FEA mostrou que a espessura da cerâmica de cobertura tem um efeito na distribuição de tensões em coroas bilaminadas à base de zircônia.

Abstract In the RLT (Rapid Layer Technology), veneering ceramic and framework are fabricated by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and then cemented to obtain the restoration. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the thickness of veneering ceramic manufactured by the RLT technique on the fracture resistance (FR) of bilayer crowns with zirconia frameworks. Twenty zirconia frameworks and twenty feldspathic posterior crowns with two different veneering ceramic occlusal thicknesses (1mm=TF1; 2mm=TF2) were manufactured using CAD/CAM system. The specimens were luted to an epoxy resin abutment with resin cement and mechanically cycled (200N and 4.5×105 Pa, 37°C, 2×106 cycles, 3Hz). The FR test was performed (10kN, 0.5mm/min), and the specimens were analyzed in a stereomicroscope. For the stress analysis (finite element analysis, FEA), a 10kN load was equal to the in vitro test, and the principal stress was evaluated. The FR data were analyzed by Student’s t-test and Weibull's analysis. The thickness influenced the FR of bilayer crowns. The FR was higher in the TF2 than in the TF1 group. The TF2 group presented the highest characteristic strength compared to the group TF1. The predominant type of failure was delamination. The FEA showed higher stress concentrations below the loading application point at the veneering cement interface in the 1-mm-thick model. The bilayer crowns manufactured using the approach of 2mm of veneering ceramic promoted higher FR compared to the group with 1mm veneering ceramic. Also, the FEA showed that the veneer ceramic thickness has an effect on stress distribution in zirconia-based bilayer crowns.

Resumo A ocorrência de infecção ou exposição para Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis e Rickettsia spp. foi determinada em gatos ferais que viviam em dois fragmentos da Mata Atlântica, localizados em Natal, RN, Brasil e em cães que viviam em torno dos parques e em outras regiões da cidade. Enquanto amostras de soro foram coletadas de 155 animais (53 gatos que viviam nos parques, 29 cães com domicilio em torno dos parques e 73 cães do Centro de Controle de Animais -CCA), fragmentos de baço foram coletados de 20 cães eutanasiados no CCA. A detecção de anticorpos nas amostras de soros coletadas contra Rickettsia spp. e E. canis foi realizada pela Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta. Dezessete dos 102 cães (17%) apresentaram anticorpos anti E. canis e 13% (20/155) de todos os cães e gatos (ou seja, 3% (3/102) dos cães e 32% (17/53) dos gatos) foram soropositivos para antígenos de Rickettsia spp. Os animais foram considerados expostos à R. amblyommatis ou a um genótipo muito relacionado. Entre as 20 amostras de baço de cães analisadas, oito foram positivas para E. canis e duas para Hepatozoon canis (números de acesso ao Genbank MG772657 e MG772658, respectivamente). Nenhuma das amostras de baço produziram amplicons de Babesia spp. na PCR. Observou-se, pela primeira vez, a circulação de Rickettsia do grupo da febre maculosa em cães e gatos em Natal, RN.

Abstract Occurrence of infection or exposure to Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Rickettsia spp. was detected in feral cats living in two fragments from Atlantic rainforest, in Natal, RN, Brazil, and in dogs living around the parks. While serum samples were collected from 155 animals (53 cats living in the parks; 29 dogs living in human homes around the parks; and 73 dogs living at an animal control center - ACC), spleen samples were collected from 20 dogs that were euthanized at ACC. Serum samples were analyzed to Rickettsia spp. and E. canis antibodies using the indirect immunofluorescence assay. Seventeen of the 102 dogs (17%) had E. canis antibodies and 13% (20/155) of all dogs and cats (i.e. 3% (3/102) of the dogs and 32% (17/53) of the cats) were seropositive for Rickettsia spp. antigens. The animals were therefore been exposed to R. amblyommatis or by a very closely related genotype. Among the 20 dog spleen samples analyzed, eight were PCR positive for E. canis and two for H. canis (GenBank accession number MG772657 and MG772658, respectively). In none of the spleen samples were obtained amplicons for Babesia spp. through PCR. This study provided the first evidence that Rickettsia of the spotted fever group is circulating among dogs and cats in Natal.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Leishmaniasis is endemic to the Northern, Northeastern, Central-Western, and Southeastern regions of Brazil. We aimed to assess the epidemiological situation of leishmaniasis in humans and dogs in indigenous villages located in the States of Mato Grosso and Tocantins using a serological survey conducted in May 2011. METHODS: Serum samples were collected from 470 humans and 327 dogs living in villages of the Urubu Branco and Tapirapé Karajá indigenous reserves. The samples were analyzed for the presence of Leishmania spp. antibodies using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a crude antigen (CA) and soluble antigen (SA), and Dual Path Platform (DPP®) immunoassay for canine visceral leishmaniasis. RESULTS: Of 470 human samples tested, two (0.4%) were positive using IFAT. Among 327 dog samples tested, 28 (8.6%) were positive using ELISA CA, five (1.5%) using ELISA SA, two (0.6%) using IFAT, and none using DPP® immunoassay with Leishmania infantum chagasi antigen. When Leishmania amazonensis antigen was used, 20 (6.1%) samples were positive using ELISA CA and four (1.2%) using IFAT. CONCLUSIONS: There was a low prevalence of infection in the region, and significant differences among the main serological methods used for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. These findings indicated that the detection of Leishmania spp. requires further study and improvement.

Introduction: periodontal emergencies are named to periodontal affections producing both bothers or possible complications and need immediate attention of the professional. Objective: determining the behavior of periodontal emergency in adolescent according to risk factors. Material and method: a descriptive transversal study was made to assess the behavior of the periodontal emergency in adolescent patients from "Ángel Ameijeiras'' polyclinic; who attended there requesting for emergency dental care service from September 2009 to March 2010. Variable studied were: periodontal urgencies (acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, recurrent aphthous ulcers); whose clinical diagnostic was performed by the interrogation and the oral exam, having the risk factors correlated like the oral deficient hygiene, and the smoking habit. The universe of job was made of 90 teenagers between 12 and 18 years that presented any of these emergencies. The information was summarized statistically through percentage figures. Results: the recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) was the affection that showed bigger frequency with a 92.2 % in both sexes. The associated risk factor presents in all entities was the oral deficient hygiene, while the smoking habit was present at 100 % of the cases of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG); his incidence was low in the case of the RAU. Conclusion: a predominance of the oral deficient hygiene in all the emergencies studied was observed and the smoking habit was present at all the cases of gingivitis ulcer necrotizing.

Introducción: se conoce con el nombre de urgencias en periodoncia aquellas afecciones que por las molestias que producen al paciente o que por sus posibles complicaciones requieren de la atención inmediata del profesional. Objetivo: determinar el comportamiento de las urgencias periodontales en adolescentes según factores de riesgo. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en adolescentes, pertenecientes al policlínico "Ángel Ameijeiras", Guanabacoa. El universo de trabajo estuvo constituido por 90 jóvenes entre 12 y 18 años de edad que presentaron alguna de estas urgencias y que acudieron a consulta en el periodo comprendido entre septiembre de 2009 y marzo de 2010. Se estudiaron las variables: urgencias periodontales (gingivitis úlceronecrotizante aguda, estomatitis aftosa recurrente). El diagnóstico clínico se realizó a través del interrogatorio y el examen bucal. La información se resumió estadísticamente mediante cifras porcentuales. Resultados: la estomatitis aftosa recurrente fue la que se presentó con mayor frecuencia con un 92.2 % en ambos sexos. El factor de riesgo asociado presente en todas las entidades estudiadas fue la higiene bucal deficiente, mientras que el hábito de fumar estuvo presente en el 100 % de los casos de gingivitis úlceronecrotizante aguda, cuyo efecto fue bajo en el caso de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente. Conclusión: se observó un predominio de la higiene bucal deficiente en todas las urgencias estudiadas y el hábito de fumar estuvo presente en todos los casos de gingivitis úlceronecrotizante.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different surface agents on the flexural strength of a ceramic system. Eighty bar-shaped specimens of zirconia were divided into four groups according to the agent to be used: group Control - to be cleaned with alcohol; group VM9 - application of a fluid layer of porcelain; group Effect Bonder - application of a bonding agent; and group Coloring Liquid - application of coloring liquid. All specimens received the porcelain application by the layering technique and were then subjected to thermocycling. The four-point bending test was performed to calculate the strength values (σ, MPa) and the failure modes were classified. ANOVA did not detect significant differences among the groups. The Weibull modulus were 5 (Control, VM9 and Effect Bonder) and 6 (Coloring Liquid). The cracking of the porcelain ceramic toward the interface was the predominant failure mode. It was concluded that the surface agents tested had no effect on the flexural strength of the bilaminated ceramic specimens.

Este artigo objetiva apresentar e discutir uma experiência de supervisão de equipes interdisciplinares no contexto das Políticas Sociais na atenção a crianças e adolescentes. O trabalho de supervisão desenvolvido pelas autoras deste artigo - psicólogas de orientação psicanalítica - tinha como objetivo a oferta de um espaço de escuta, reflexão e tomada de decisão acerca dos casos atendidos pelos projetos. A experiência apontou para a necessidade de uma reflexão que incluísse questões relativas ao funcionamento da equipe, às motivações subjetivas dos profissionais, à compreensão dos objetivos e alcances do trabalho e às crenças que regulam e sustentam as intervenções realizadas.

This article aims to present and discuss an experience of supervision of interdisciplinary teams in the context of Social Policies in the care of children and adolescents. The work of supervision, developed by the authors of this paper - the psychologists of psychoanalytic guidance - had as objective the provision of a space of listening, reflection and decision in concern of the cases attended by the projects. Experience pointed out the need for a reflection that included issues relating to the functioning of the team, to the subjective motivations of professionals, to the understanding of objectives and scopes of the work and beliefs that regulate and sustain the interventions.

This study was carried out to evaluate intake, nutrient digestibility and body weight gain of foals on diets of concentrate and legume hay. Treatments were: lucerne hay (Medicago sativa), Campo Grande stylo hay (20% Stylosanthes macrocephala and 80% Stylosanthes capitata) and Mineirão stylo hay (Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirão). Fifteen weaned foals at 160 Kg body weight (BW) were used. The experiment was entirely randomized with three treatments and five replicates. Dry matter intake was estimated at 30 g of dry matter (DM)/kg BW and was comprised of 40% concentrate meal and 60% hay. Fecal production and nutrient digestibility were calculated by the LIPE® marker methodology. There was no difference between Lucerne hay and Campo Grande stylo hay intake, but intake of Mineirão stylo hay was lower than that of Lucerne hay. Body weight gain and nutrient digestibility coefficients were similar for foals fed different diets. Intake was similar for Campo Grande and Lucerne hay, and led to similar body weight gain in diets with concentrate. Mineirão stylo hay, at 137 days of growth, was not palatable for the foals.

Pain is a symptom very important in the stomatologic practice and particularly in that concerning to dental pulp alterations. To deep in the knowledge of phases crossed by a pulpal inflammatory process allowing predicting its painful manifestations, authors made a bibliographic review on this subject with a multidisciplinary and basic-clinical approach, using the documentary method for analysis and management of information offered by theoretical sources. Google was used as a fundamental search tool and LILACS, HINARI, Medline and PubMed were the more reviewed databases. The classification of pulpal inflammation state, taking into account non-visualized histopathology events is more difficult and it may to achieve a great accuracy in a diagnosis based on course after pain, according the magnitude of inflammatory compromise and supported by the potential valuable symptomatology if we follow the trajectory of the nociceptive stimulus variables. The know ledges increase and deepening in this field will contribute in a significant way to a better diagnosis and treatment of pulpal inflammatory processes.

El dolor es un síntoma de extraordinaria importancia en la práctica estomatológica y particularmente en lo concerniente a las alteraciones de la pulpa dentaria. Con el objetivo de profundizar en el conocimiento de las fases por las que atraviesa un proceso inflamatorio pulpar, que permiten predecir sus manifestaciones dolorosas, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema con un enfoque multidisciplinario y básico-clínico. Se utilizó el método documental para el análisis y tratamiento de la información ofrecida por las fuentes teóricas. El sitio en Internet Google fue empleado como fundamental motor de búsqueda y Lilacs, Hinari, Medline y PubMed fueron las bases de datos más revisadas. La clasificación del estado de inflamación pulpar, que atiende a eventos histopatológicos que no se pueden visualizar, resulta más difícil. Se podría lograr mayor precisión en un diagnóstico basado en el curso que sigue el dolor, de acuerdo a la magnitud del compromiso inflamatorio y apoyado en la rica semiología que se puede obtener si se sigue la trayectoria de las variables del estímulo nociceptivo. El incremento y profundización de los conocimientos en este campo contribuiyó significativamente a un mejor diagnóstico y tratamiento de los procesos inflamatorios pulpares.

Pau-santo (Kielmeyera coriacea) é a espécie fornecedora de cortiça mais importante do Cerrado, porém apresenta alto grau de polimorfismo entre os indivíduos, o que pode afetar de forma distinta os testes de germinação de sementes e emergência de plântulas. Diante disso, os objetivos foram correlacionar características de germinação de sementes com a emergência de plântulas da espécie e quantificar o impacto da variabilidade entre os indivíduos na correlação e no teste de significância. Nos testes de germinação e emergência, o delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com sete tratamentos correspondentes aos indivíduos, com três repetições em parcelas compostas de 32 sementes. Dois critérios distintos de avaliação foram adotados, o de protrusão da radícula, no teste de germinação, e de plântula normal, no teste de emergência. Os indivíduos de K. coriacea apresentaram alta capacidade de germinação e emergência, com alto grau de incerteza, baixa sincronia e espalhamento em relação ao tempo médio, embora em ambos os testes os indivíduos tenham apresentado classificação distinta quanto a essas características. As correlações entre medidas de germinação e emergência com dados originais e com resíduos foram diferentes, mostrando que a variabilidade intrínseca do indivíduo interfere no resultado da medida. A significância associada à correlação apenas indicou que o valor encontrado não é zero e, portanto, não pode ser interpretado como relevante na associação entre as características da espécie.

Kielmeyera coriacea is the most important cork supplying species of the Brazilian Savannah but it shows a high degree of individual polymorphism which can affect seed germination tests and seedling emergence. The objectives of this study were to correlate seed germination characteristics with seedling emergence and quantify the impact of individual variability in the correlation and significance tests. A randomized block design was used in the germination and emergence tests with seven treatments corresponding to the individuals and three plot replications with 32 seeds each. Two distinct evaluation criteria were adopted: radicle protrusion in the germination test and a normal seedlings in the emergence test. K. coriacea individuals presented high germination and emergence capacities, with a high degree of uncertainty, low synchronization and spread in relation to average time, although in both tests the individuals showed a distinct classification with regards to these characteristics. The correlations between germination and emergence measurements with original data and with residuals were different, showing that the individual's intrinsic variability interferes with the measurement result. The significance associated with the correlation only indicated that the value found is not zero and, therefore, cannot be interpreted as being important in the association among the species characteristics.

A cirurgia transesfenoidal é o procedimento cirúrgico mais utilizado para abordagem da região hipofisária, sendo por vezes associada a complicações oronasais. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS/OBJETIVO: Estudo prospectivo, através de questionário específico e avaliação clínica complicações oronasais crônicas não-diagnosticadas, em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia transesfenoidal convencional em diferentes serviços de neurocirurgia há mais de 6 meses. RESULTADOS: 49 pacientes, 37/45 com macroadenoma. 14/49 submetidos a mais de uma intervenção, em 2/5 por via transesfenoidal. Abordagem transesfenoidal 92,8% via sublabial. Nenhum apresentava queixa espontânea. Com o questionário específico, 63,2% apresentaram queixas. Um apresentava fístula oronasal, outro, estenose da área de válvula nasal com deformidade nasal externa. A rinoscopia detectou alterações em 77,5% e a endoscopia nasal em 87,7%. Perfuração septal presente em 10/12 pacientes com crostas e 2 com secreção purulenta. Todos 4 pacientes submetidos a 2 abordagens transesfenoidais apresentaram perfuração do septo e sinéquias nasais. Nos casos com abordagem endonasal observaram-se sinéquias2, alteração em meato médio1 e estenose em área de válvula nasal1. Apenas 2 pacientes apresentaram avaliação normal. CONCLUSÃO: Alta incidência de complicações nasais após abordagem transesfenoidal convencional, observadas (exame) e não referidas espontaneamente indicam a necessidad de investigação otorrinolaringológica complementada com endoscopia nasal sistemática nestes pacientes.

Transsphenoidal surgery is the most commonly used surgical procedure to handle the hypophyseal region, sometimes associated with oronasal complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS/AIM: To evaluate prospectively (specific questionnaire, clinical evaluation) undiagnosed chronic oronasal complications in patients submitted to conventional transsphenoidal adenomectomy surgery, operated at different neurosurgery services more than 6 months ago. RESULTS: 49 patients were evaluated, 37/45 presented macroadenoma. 28,5% were submitted to more than one intervention, 2/5 transsphenoidally. Transsphenoidal approach 92.8% through sublabial route. No patient had spontaneous complaint. With the specific questionnaire 63.2% presented complaints. One patient presented an oronasal fistula, 1 stenosis of the nasal valve area with external nasal deformity. Rhinoscopy detected alterations in 77.5%, nasal endoscopy in 87.7%. Septal perforation was present in 10/12 patients with scabs and 2 with purulent secretion. All 4 patients submitted to 2 transsphenoidal approaches presented septal perforation and nasal synechiae. In the endonasal, synechiae (2), alteration in medium meatus (1) and stenosis of the nasal valve area (1) were observed. Only two patients presented normal evaluation. CONCLUSION: A high incidence of nasal complications after conventional transsphenoidal surgery observed through examination and not reported spontaneously point to the need of otorhinolaryngological investigation complemented by nasal endoscopy in patients submitted to procedures through this route.