The clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis (NC) are varied and depend on the number and location of cysts, as well as on the host immune response. Symptoms usually occur in NC when cysticerci enter a degenerative course associated with an inflammatory response. The expression of brain damage markers may be expected to increase during this phase. S100B is a calcium-binding protein produced and released predominantly by astrocytes that has been used as a marker of reactive gliosis and astrocytic death in many pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of S100B in patients in different phases of NC evolution. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum S100B concentrations were measured in 25 patients with NC: 14 patients with degenerative cysts (D), 8 patients with viable cysts (V) and 3 patients with inactive cysts. All NC patients, except 1, had five or less cysts. In most of them, symptoms had been present for at least 1 month before sample collection. Samples from 8 normal controls (C) were also assayed. The albumin quotient was used to estimate the blood-brain barrier permeability. There were no significant differences in serum (P = 0.5) or cerebrospinal fluid (P = 0.91) S100B levels among the V, D, and C groups. These findings suggest that parenchymal changes associated with a relatively small number of degenerating cysts probably have a negligible impact on glial tissue.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a glycolytic enzyme present almost exclusively in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. NSE levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are assumed to be useful to estimate neuronal injury and clinical outcome of patients with serious clinical manifestations such as those observed in stroke, head injury, anoxic encephalopathy, encephalitis, brain metastasis, and status epilepticus. We compared levels of NSE in serum (sNSE) and in CSF (cNSE) among four groups: patients with meningitis (N = 11), patients with encephalic injuries associated with impairment of consciousness (ENC, N = 7), patients with neurocysticercosis (N = 25), and normal subjects (N = 8). Albumin was determined in serum and CSF samples, and the albumin quotient was used to estimate blood-brain barrier permeability. The Glasgow Coma Scale score was calculated at the time of lumbar puncture and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score was calculated at the time of patient discharge or death. The ENC group had significantly higher cNSE (P = 0.01) and albumin quotient (P = 0.005), but not sNSE (P = 0.14), levels than the other groups (Kruskal-Wallis test). Patients with lower GOS scores had higher cNSE levels (P = 0.035) than patients with favorable outcomes. Our findings indicate that sNSE is not sensitive enough to detect neuronal damage, but cNSE seems to be reliable for assessing patients with considerable neurological insult and cases with adverse outcome. However, one should be cautious about estimating the severity of neurological status as well as outcome based exclusively on cNSE in a single patient.

Este estudo avalia a evolução da sensibilidade in vitro do Plasmodium falciparum em uma área de prospecção de ouro no Estado do Amapá no período de 1983 a 1990. Foram efetuados 75 testes para cloroquina e quinino, 74 para amodiaquina e 76 para mefloquina. Os resultados revelaram 81% de resistência à cloroquina e 27% para a amodiaquina, enquanto que para quinino e mefloquina não foram evidenciadas cepas resistentes. Contudo, para estas duas últimas drogas identificou-se uma crescente perda da sensibilidade ao longo do tempo. Aparentemente observa-se uma associação entre resistência à cloroquina e a diminuição da sensibilidade ao quinino.

This study evaluates the sensitivity of P. falciparum in vitro to antimalarial drugs in an area ofgold mining exploration in Amapa State during theperiod ofl983 to 1990. The following tests were done, 75 in vitro studies with chloroquine and quinine, 74 with amodiaquine and 76 with mefloquine. The results showed 81 % ofresistance to chloroquine and 27% to amodiaquine while resistant strains to quinine and mefloquine were found. Also for these two quinolinomethanols a loss of sensitivity was noticed in the period of study. An association between resistance to chloroquine and decrease of sensitivity to quinine was also evident with the same strains.