Resumo Historicamente, são necessários, em média, 17 anos para que novos tratamentos passem da evidência clínica para a prática diária. Considerando os tratamentos altamente eficazes disponíveis atualmente para prevenir ou retardar o início e a progressão da doença renal, esse período é demasiadamente longo. Agora é o momento de reduzir a lacuna entre o que sabemos e aquilo que fazemos. Existem diretrizes claras para a prevenção e o manejo dos fatores de risco comuns para doenças renais, como hipertensão e diabetes, mas apenas uma fração das pessoas com essas condições é diagnosticada mundialmente, e um número ainda menor recebe tratamento adequado. Da mesma forma, a grande maioria das pessoas que sofrem de doença renal não têm conhecimento de sua condição, pois ela costuma ser silenciosa nos estágios iniciais. Mesmo entre pacientes que foram diagnosticados, muitos não recebem tratamento adequado para a doença renal. Levando em consideração as graves consequências da progressão da doença renal, insuficiência renal ou óbito, é imperativo que os tratamentos sejam iniciados precocemente e de maneira adequada. As oportunidades para diagnosticar e tratar precocemente a doença renal devem ser maximizadas, começando no nível da atenção primária. Existem muitas barreiras sistemáticas, que vão desde o paciente até o médico, passando pelos sistemas de saúde e por fatores sociais. Para preservar e melhorar a saúde renal para todos em qualquer lugar, cada uma dessas barreiras deve ser reconhecida para que soluções sustentáveis sejam desenvolvidas e implementadas sem mais demora. Historicamente necessários média 1 diária longo fazemos renais diabetes mundialmente forma condição iniciais diagnosticados óbito adequada maximizadas primária sistemáticas médico sociais lugar demora

Abstract Historically, it takes an average of 17 years for new treatments to move from clinical evidence to daily practice. Given the highly effective treatments now available to prevent or delay kidney disease onset and progression, this is far too long. Now is the time to narrow the gap between what we know and what we do. Clear guidelines exist for the prevention and management of common risk factors for kidney disease, such as hypertension and diabetes, but only a fraction of people with these conditions are diagnosed worldwide, and even fewer are treated to target. Similarly, the vast majority of people living with kidney disease are unaware of their condition, because it is often silent in the early stages. Even among patients who have been diagnosed, many do not receive appropriate treatment for kidney disease. Considering the serious consequences of kidney disease progression, kidney failure, or death, it is imperative that treatments are initiated early and appropriately. Opportunities to diagnose and treat kidney disease early must be maximized beginning at the primary care level. Many systematic barriers exist, ranging from the patient to the clinician to the health systems to societal factors. To preserve and improve kidney health for everyone everywhere, each of these barriers must be acknowledged so that sustainable solutions are developed and implemented without further delay. Historically 1 practice progression long diabetes worldwide target Similarly condition stages failure death appropriately level everywhere

ABSTRACT: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) can cause acute and persistent infections in cattle, resulting in significant economic losses to the livestock industry each year. Targeted antiviral therapy is an effective strategy. This study was based on network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques and in vitro studies to investigate quercetin’s mechanism in treating bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (BVD-MD). The network topology analysis was carried out using Cytoscape 3.9.0 software to construct the network of “Chinese medicine ingredients-target-diseases”. Protein interactions were explored and analyzed using the String system (PPI). GO and KEGG pathway analysis of the intersected targets was performed using Bioconductor software. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation methods were used to reveal the degree of binding of quercetin to key target genes. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence were used to characterize the antiviral effects of quercetin. This study utilized network pharmacological analysis, identifying 22 targets associated with BVD-MD. The results of the KEGG pathway showed that quercetin was closely related to Ras and MAPK signaling pathways of BVD-MD. Molecular docking results showed that SRC, NS5B, NOX4 and XDH were the key targets of quercetin in the treatment of BVD-MD. Through network pharmacology, molecular docking and in vitro experiments, quercetin was demonstrated to combat bovine viral diarrhea mucosal disease through key targets of SRC, MAPK1, GSK3B, NS5B and E2. Molecular dynamics analysis showed that quercetin exhibited complex stability with NS5B. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for quercetin treatment of BVD-MD and later drug development. ABSTRACT BVDV (BVDV cattle year strategy pharmacology quercetins s diarrheamucosal BVDMD. BVDMD BVD MD . (BVD-MD) 390 3 9 0 3.9. Chinese ingredientstargetdiseases. ingredientstargetdiseases ingredients diseases ingredients-target-diseases” PPI. PPI (PPI) genes 2 MD. SRC NSB NS B NOX experiments MAPK1 GSK3B GSKB GSK E2 E development (BVD-MD 39 3.9 ingredients-target-diseases (PPI 3.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This work aimed to investigate the effects of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) on myocardial cell (MC) apoptosis in a rat model of heart failure (HF). Methods: Tan IIA was extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) using an ethanol reflux method. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham (no treatment), mod (HF model establishment), low dose (LD: 0.1 mL/kg Tan IIA), medium dose (MD: 0.3 mL/kg Tan IIA), and high dose (HD: 0.5 mL/kg Tan IIA), with 10 rats in each group. The effects of different doses of Tan IIA on cardiac function, MC apoptosis, and the levels of proteins associated with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were compared. Results: Mod group showed a significant decrease in systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular fractional shortening, and the levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR proteins versus sham group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), end-systolic diameter, diastolic pressure, and MC apoptosis were significantly increased (p < 0.05). LD, MD, and HD groups exhibited significant improvements across various indicators of cardiac function and MC apoptosis versus mod group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Tan IIA may improve cardiac function and inhibit MC apoptosis in rats with HF by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Purpose (MC HF. . (HF) Methods SMB (SMB method no treatment, treatment , treatment) establishment, establishment establishment) LD (LD 01 0 1 0. mLkg mL kg IIA, MD (MD 03 3 (HD 05 5 PI3KAktmTOR PIKAktmTOR PI3K Akt mTOR PI K compared Results pressure rate fraction shortening pPI3K, pPI3K pPIK p PI3K, p-PI3K pAkt, pAkt Akt, p-Akt pmTOR 0.05. 005 0.05 0.05) Additionally enddiastolic end LVIDd, LVIDd (LVIDd) endsystolic Conclusions KAktmTOR PIK pPI 00 0.0 (LVIDd

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between skeletal muscle content and the presence and severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in patients with metabolic dysregulation in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients from the endocrinology outpatient department at Ningbo First Hospital, in Ningbo, China, in April 2021. Adult patients with metabolic dysregulation who accepted FibroScan ultrasound were included in the study. However, those without clinical data on skeletal muscle mass were excluded. FibroScan ultrasound was used to noninvasively evaluate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. The controlled attenuation parameter was used as an evaluation index for the severity of liver steatosis. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure the skeletal muscle index. RESULTS: A total of 153 eligible patients with complete data were included in the final analysis. As the grading of liver steatosis intensifies, skeletal muscle index decreases (men: Ptrend<0.001, women: Ptrend=0.001), while body mass index, blood pressure, blood lipid, uric acid, aminotransferase, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance increase (Ptrend<0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, a negative association between skeletal muscle index and the presence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease was observed in men (OR=0.691, p=0.027) and women (OR=0.614, p=0.022). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the best cutoff values of skeletal muscle index for predicting the metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease presence were 40.37% for men (sensitivity, 87.5%; specificity, 61.5%) and 33.95% for women (sensitivity, 78.6%; specificity, 63.8%). CONCLUSION: Skeletal muscle mass loss among patients with metabolic dysregulation was positively associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease severity in both sexes. The skeletal muscle index cutoff value could be used to predict metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. OBJECTIVE dysfunctionassociated dysfunction China METHODS crosssectional cross sectional Hospital 2021 However excluded RESULTS 15 intensifies (men Ptrend0001 Ptrend 0 001 Ptrend<0.001 Ptrend=0.001, Ptrend=0.001 , Ptrend=0.001) pressure lipid acid aminotransferase Ptrend<0.01. Ptrend001 Ptrend<0.01 . 01 (Ptrend<0.01) factors OR=0.691, OR0691 OR 691 (OR=0.691 p=0.027 p0027 p 027 OR=0.614, OR0614 614 (OR=0.614 p=0.022. p0022 p=0.022 022 p=0.022) curve 4037 40 37 40.37 sensitivity, sensitivity (sensitivity 87.5% 875 87 5 specificity 61.5% 615 61 3395 33 95 33.95 78.6% 786 78 6 63.8%. 638 63.8% 63 8 63.8%) CONCLUSION sexes 202 1 Ptrend000 00 Ptrend<0.00 Ptrend=0.00 Ptrend00 Ptrend<0.0 (Ptrend<0.01 OR=0.691 OR069 69 (OR=0.69 p=0.02 p002 02 OR=0.614 OR061 (OR=0.61 403 4 3 40.3 87.5 61.5 339 9 33.9 78.6 7 63.8 20 Ptrend=0.0 Ptrend0 Ptrend<0. (Ptrend<0.0 OR=0.69 OR06 (OR=0.6 p=0.0 p00 OR=0.61 40. 87. 61. 33. 78. 63. 2 Ptrend=0. Ptrend<0 (Ptrend<0. OR=0.6 OR0 (OR=0. p=0. p0 Ptrend=0 Ptrend< (Ptrend<0 OR=0. (OR=0 p=0 Ptrend= (Ptrend< OR=0 (OR= p= (Ptrend OR= (OR

Abstract: Civilization is a symbol of culture, and only music education with the spirit of civilization has the core of culture. To meet the needs of the times and promote the reform of the educational system, this study analyzes the Eastern rites and music civilization, and Western ethical civilization. The similarities and differences between them were compared. It was found that both affirm the moral-emotional-aesthetic value of music, but they consider the internal and external nature of its role different. The philosophical foundations of the music education system in modern society are analyzed, and the current state of music education is reflected. Aiming at the problems of lack of subjectivity, lack of understanding and lack of musical identity in music education, the study proposes an innovative path for modern music education in the way of the return of the civilizations of oriental “rites and music” and western “ethics,” i.e., resetting the norms of the musical grammatical behavior, penetrating the humanistic connotations and defining the position of subjectivity. Abstract culture compared moralemotionalaesthetic moral emotional aesthetic different analyzed reflected subjectivity ethics, ethics “ethics, ie i e i.e. behavior “ethics i.e

Resumen: La civilización es un símbolo de la cultura, y sólo la educación musical con espíritu de civilización tiene el núcleo de la cultura. Para responder a las necesidades de la época y promover la reforma del sistema educativo, este estudio analiza la civilización oriental de “ritos y música” y la civilización occidental de “ética”. Se compararon las similitudes y diferencias entre ambas. Se constató que ambas afirman el valor moral-emocional-estético de la música, pero consideran diferente la naturaleza interna y externa de su función. Se analizan los fundamentos filosóficos del sistema de educación musical en la sociedad moderna y se refleja el estado actual de la educación musical. Con el objetivo de abordar los problemas de la falta de subjetividad, la falta de comprensión y la falta de identidad musical en la educación musical, el estudio propone una vía innovadora para la educación musical moderna por la vía del retorno de las civilizaciones de los “ritos y la música” orientales y la “ética” occidental, es decir, reajustando las normas del comportamiento gramatical musical, penetrando en las connotaciones humanísticas y definiendo la posición de la subjetividad. Resumen cultura educativo ritos música ética. ética . moralemocionalestético moral emocional estético función subjetividad “ética decir

Abstract Objective To explore the relationship between Growth Hormone Insulin-like Growth Factors (GH-IGFs) and growth retardation in children with bronchial asthma. Methods 112 children with bronchial asthma and 50 healthy children were studied. Serum GH, IGF-1, and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 (IGFBP3) were assessed by ELISA. GH-IGFs-related parameters were compared, and the correlation between the parameters and bronchial asthma severity was analyzed. The bronchial asthma group was divided into the growth retardation group and non-growth retardation group to analyze the diagnostic value of GH-IGFs in growth retardation and the relationship between GH-IGFs and growth retardation. Results GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in the bronchial asthma group were lower. GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 levels were decreased with the severity of bronchial asthma. GH, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 in the growth retardation group were lower than those in the non-growth retardation group. The AUC of GH-IGFs combined detection was higher than that of GH and IGFBP3 alone detection. GH < 9.27 μg/L and IGF-1 < 179.53 mmoL/L were risk factors for growth retardation in patients with bronchial asthma. Conclusion GH-IGFs-related parameters have diagnostic value for growth retardation in children, and decreased levels of GH and IGF-1 are risk factors for growth retardation in children. Insulinlike Insulin like GHIGFs IGFs (GH-IGFs 11 5 studied IGF1, IGF1 IGF 1, 1 IGFBP (IGFBP3 ELISA GHIGFsrelated related compared analyzed nongrowth non 927 9 27 9.2 μgL μg L IGF- 17953 179 53 179.5 mmoLL mmoL (IGFBP 92 2 9. 1795 17 179.

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant used to prevent organ rejection in kidney, liver, and heart allogeneic transplants. This study aimed to assess the safety of cyclosporine through the analysis of adverse events (AEs) related to cyclosporine in the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). To detect AEs associated with cyclosporine, a pharmacovigilance analysis was conducted using four algorithms on the FAERS database: reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and empirical Bayes geometric mean (EBGM). A statistical analysis was performed on data extracted from the FAERS database, covering 19,582 case reports spanning from 2013 to 2022. Among these cases, 3,911 AEs were identified, with 476 linked to cyclosporine as the primary suspected drug. Cyclosporin-induced AEs targeted 27 System Organ Classes (SOCs). Notably, the highest case at the SOC level included eye disorders, injury, poisoning, and procedural complications, as well as immune system disorders, all of which are listed on the cyclosporine label. Furthermore, we discovered novel potential AEs associated with hepatobiliary disorders, among others. Moreover, unexpected adverse drug reactions (ADRs), such as biliary anastomosis complication and spermatozoa progressive motility decrease, were identified. Importantly, these newly identified ADRs were not mentioned on the cyclosporine label, which were involved in injury, poisoning, and procedural complications, and investigations at the SOC level. The study used pharmacovigilance analysis of FAERS database to identify new and unexpected potential ADRs relating to cyclosporine, which can provide safety tips for the safe use of cyclosporine. kidney liver transplants (AEs FAERS. . (FAERS) ROR, ROR , (ROR) PRR, PRR (PRR) BCPNN, BCPNN (BCPNN) EBGM. EBGM (EBGM) 19582 19 582 19,58 201 2022 cases 3911 3 911 3,91 47 Cyclosporininduced Cyclosporin induced 2 SOCs. SOCs (SOCs) Notably disorders injury poisoning complications label Furthermore others Moreover ADRs, (ADRs) decrease Importantly (FAERS (ROR (PRR (BCPNN (EBGM 1958 1 58 19,5 20 202 391 91 3,9 4 (SOCs (ADRs 195 5 19, 39 9 3,

Resumen El factor principal que conduce a la resistencia a la insulina (IR) y a la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM) es el estrés oxidativo. A pesar de sus efectos protectores del hígado, reductores de enzimas, inmunorreguladores y antivirales, aún no se ha investigado el impacto del picrósido I sobre el estrés oxidativo, la utilización de glucosa y la IR. Se realizaron estudios in vitro para evaluar las propiedades antioxidantes de diferentes concentraciones de picrósido I. Los resultados mostraron que el picrósido I suprime eficazmente la α-glucosidasa y la α-amilasa con valores IC50 de 109,75 μg/mL y 160,71 μg/mL en el rango de 50 -500 microgramos/ml. Además, cuando las células IR-HepG2 se trataron con 80 μg/mL de picrósido I, se encontró que tenía poco efecto sobre la viabilidad celular, aumentaba el consumo de glucosa, disminuía los niveles del metabolito de radicales libres dialdehído malónico y aumentaba la actividad de la superóxido dismutasa. Estos hallazgos indican que el picrósido I tiene el potencial de regular el estrés oxidativo en las células IR-HepG2, mejorando potencialmente la IR y exhibiendo actividad anti-T2DM.

Abstract The primary factor leading to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is oxidative stress. Despite its liver-protecting, enzyme-lowering, immune-regulating, and antiviral effects, the impact of picroside I on oxidative stress, glucose utilization, and IR has not been investigated yet. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties of different concentrations of picroside I. The results showed that picroside I effectively suppresses α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC50 values of 109.75 μg/mL and 160.71 μg/mL in the range of 50-500 μg/mL. Additionally, when IR-HepG2 cells were treated with 80 μg/mL of picroside I, it was found to have little effect on cell viability, increase glucose consumption, decrease the levels of the free radical metabolite malonic dialdehyde, and increase superoxide dismutase activity. These findings indicate that picroside I has the potential to regulate oxidative stress in IR-HepG2 cells, potentially improving IR and exhibiting anti-T2DM activity.

Resumen Objetivo: Este caso clínico presentó casos con hemoperitoneo espontáneo durante el embarazo. Reporte del caso: El caso 1 presentó dolor abdominal agudo con signos de shock, los casos 2 y 3 se presentaron ambos con signos vitales estables y la disminución repentina de la frecuencia cardíaca fetal. La cesárea se realizó a las 27, 36 + 4 y 34 semanas de gestación, respectivamente. Los sitios de sangrado se encontraron en la superficie del útero o el parametrio. Conclusión: Un control estricto de los signos vitales y una intervención quirúrgica oportuna son fundamentales para mejorar el pronóstico.

Abstract Objectives: This case report presented cases with spontaneous hemoperitoneum during pregnancy. Case report: Case 1 presented with acute abdominal pain with signs of shock. Cases 2 and 3 both presented with stable vital signs and the sudden decline of fetal heart rate. Cesarean section was performed at 27, 36+4, and 34 gestational weeks, respectively. Bleeding sites were founded on the surface of the uterus or the parametrium. The perinatal outcome was stillbirth, live birth, and neonatal severe asphyxia. Conclusion: Careful physical examination, strict monitoring of vital signs, and timely surgical intervention are critical for improving the prognosis.

ABSTRACT Dwarf mutants are valuable materials for investigating plant gene function and developing new crop varieties. In the present study, dwarf mutant (D-CK) and wild-type (W-CK) Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels plants foliarly sprayed with distilled water were used as controls, and dwarf mutants were treated with different concentrations of gibberellin A3 (GA3; 20, 40 and 60 mg L-1), brassinosteroid (BR; 12.5, 25 and 50 mg L-1); and auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; 12.5, 25 and 50 mg L-1) to study the changes in plant height at 20, 40 and 60 d after exogenous hormone spraying. The changes in endogenous contents of IAA, GA3, BR, abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) and IAA:ABA ratio in the dwarf mutant plants were also measured at 20, 40 and 60 d after exogenous hormone application. The dwarf mutants reverted to the W-CK height phenotype after 60 d of exogenous spraying with different concentrations of GA3 and BR (except 50 mg·L-1), but after exogenous spraying with IAA, dwarf mutants did not revert to the W-CK height phenotype. Compared with D-CK plants, endogenous GA3, BR and IAA contents in dwarf mutant plants increased to some extent with exogenous spraying of GA3, BR and IAA. The results indicated that exogenous spraying of different concentrations of GA3 and BR regulated S. davidii plant height by promoting the secretion of endogenous GA3, BR, IAA and SA and inhibiting endogenous ABA secretion in dwarf mutant. The height of mutants was sensitive to exogenous GA3 and BR but not to exogenous IAA.

ABSTRACT Herein, we examined the protective effect of metoprolol combined with atractylenolide I (Atr I) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by regulating the SIRT3 (silent information regulator 3)/β-catenin/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) signaling pathway. Briefly, 50 rats were randomly divided into the sham operation, model, metoprolol, Atr I, and combination metoprolol with Atr I groups (combined treatment group). The AMI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. After treatment, infarct size, histopathological changes, and cell apoptosis were examined using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the TUNEL assay. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular fraction shortening (LVFS), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were detected by echocardiography. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Furthermore, we measured lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) isoenzyme (CK-MB), and CK levels. Western blotting was performed to determine the expression of SIRT3, β-catenin, and PPAR-γ. Herein, the combined treatment group exhibited increased levels of LVEF, LVFS, and NO, whereas LVMI, ET-1, TNF-α, IL-6, LDH, CK-MB, and CK levels were decreased. Importantly, the underlying mechanism may afford protection against AMI by increasing the expression levels of SIRT3, β-catenin, and PPAR-γ. Herein (AMI SIRT silent 3/βcatenin/peroxisome 3βcateninperoxisome βcateninperoxisome 3 /β catenin/peroxisome β catenin peroxisome proliferatoractivated proliferator activated PPARγ PPAR γ (PPAR-γ pathway Briefly 5 operation group. . group) artery size changes 2,3,5triphenyltetrazolium 235triphenyltetrazolium triphenyltetrazolium 2,3,5 2 staining hematoxylineosin hematoxylin eosin assay LVEF , (LVEF) LVFS (LVFS) LVMI (LVMI echocardiography Endothelin1 Endothelin 1 Endothelin- ET1, ET1 ET (ET-1) NO (NO) factoralpha factor alpha TNFα, TNFα TNF α (TNF-α) interleukin6 interleukin 6 interleukin- IL6 IL (IL-6 enzymelinked enzyme linked assays Furthermore LDH (LDH) (CK CKMB, CKMB MB (CK-MB) βcatenin, βcatenin catenin, β-catenin PPARγ. γ. PPAR-γ 1, ET-1 α, TNF-α IL6, 6, IL-6 MB, CK-MB decreased Importantly cateninperoxisome 5triphenyltetrazolium 235 2,3, (LVEF (LVFS (ET-1 (NO (TNF-α (IL- (LDH (CK-MB ET- IL- 23 2,3 (ET- (IL 2, (ET

Abstract Under the influence of the COVID-19, people's awareness of physical health and immunity has increased significantly. Chitooligosaccharide is an oligomer of β-(1, 4)-linked D -glucosamine, furthermore, is one of the most widely studied immunomodulators. Chitooligosaccharide can be prepared from the chitin or chitosan polymers through enzymatically, chemically or physically processes. Chitooligosaccharide and its derivatives have been proven to have a wide range of biological activities including intestinal flora regulation, immunostimulant, anti-tumor, anti-obesity and anti-oxidation effects. This review summarizes the latest research of the preparation methods, biological activities in immunity and safety profiles of Chitooligosaccharide and its derivatives. We recapped the effect mechanisms of Chitooligosaccharide basing on overall immunity. Comparing the effects of Chitooligosaccharide with different molecular weights and degree of aggregation, a reference range for usage has been provided. This may provide a support for the application of Chitooligosaccharide in immune supplements and food. In addition, future research directions are also discussed. COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 peoples people s significantly β1, β1 β 1, 1 β-(1 4linked linked 4 glucosamine, glucosamine -glucosamine furthermore immunomodulators enzymatically processes regulation immunostimulant antitumor, antitumor anti tumor, tumor anti-tumor antiobesity obesity antioxidation oxidation methods aggregation provided food addition discussed COVID1 COVID-1 β-( COVID- β-

ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the predictive value of maternal White Blood Cells (WBC), neutrophils, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) for diagnosing Histological Chorioamnionitis (HCA) among women with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) who underwent cervical cerclage. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among women with singleton pregnancy and PPROM, who underwent cervical cerclage during 2018-2020. Results: A total of 55 eligible women were included in the final analysis, including 36 (61.02%) cases with HCA and 19 (38.98%) without HCA. Women with HCA had higher WBC count (12.31 ± 2.80) × 109/L and neutrophil count (9.67 ± 2.90)×109/L than those without HCA (10.35 ± 2.53) × 109/L and 7.82 ± 2.82 × 109/L, respectively) (both p < 0.05). The cut-off value of WBC count at 10.15×109/L was found to be the most effective in identifying HCA, with an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.707 (95% CI: 0.56-0.86; p = 0.012), sensitivity of 86.11%, specificity of 57.90%, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of 79.49%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 68.75%, and Youden index of 0.44. The combination of WBC + neutrophil had a slightly higher (AUC = 0.711, 95% CI: 0.57–0.86; p = 0.011), specificity (68.42%), and PPV (81.25%), but lower sensitivity (72.22%), than the WBC count alone. A cut-off value of neutrophil at 7.46 × 109/L was effective in identifying HCA, with an AUC of 0.689 (95% CI: 0.53-0.84; p = 0.022). Discussion: Combination use of WBC+neutrophil was found to be the most accurate predictor of HCA among women with PPROM after surgery of cervical cerclage.

Abstract Background The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus is complex and incurable. A large number of systematic reviews have studied the risk factors of it. Mendelian randomization is an analytical method that uses genetic data as tool variables to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. Objective To review the systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies that focused on the risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus and shed light on the development of treatments for its prevention and intervention. Methods From inception to January 2022, we systematically searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase for related systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies. Extract relevant main data for studies that meet inclusion criteria. The quality of systematic reviews was assessed by using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2). Finally, the risk factors are scored comprehensively according to the results' quantity, quality, and consistency. Results Our study involved 64 systematic reviews and 12 Mendelian randomization studies. The results of systematic reviews showed that diseases (endometriosis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis), lifestyle (smoking, drinking, vaccination), and gene polymorphism influenced the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. The results of Mendelian randomization studies identified the role of disease (periodontitis, celiac disease), trace elements (selenium, iron), cytokines (growth differentiation factor 15), and gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Conclusion We should pay attention to preventing and treating systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with endometriosis, celiac disease, and periodontitis. Take appropriate dietary supplements to increase serum iron and selenium levels to reduce the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. There should be no excessive intervention in lifestyles such as smoking and drinking.