RESUMO Introdução: Quando são utilizadas miniplacas como ancoragem para a mecânica ortodôntica de correção da mordida aberta anterior por meio da retração dos dentes anteriores e intrusão e retração dos dentes posteriores, as reabsorções radiculares apicais externas inflamatórias induzidas ortodonticamente são clinicamente irrelevantes. Métodos: Usou-se uma amostra homogênea de 32 pacientes, e comparou-se as raízes dos dentes em tomografias realizadas antes e depois do tratamento ortodôntico. Resultados: As reabsorções radiculares observadas foram mínimas, e isso pode ser explicado pela distribuição uniforme das forças em vários dentes, simultaneamente, no conjunto da arcada dentária e no osso que suporta os dentes. Conclusão: O mais importante para se prevenir as reabsorções radiculares na prática ortodôntica, além de se preocupar com a intensidade das forças aplicadas, é tomar cuidado com a sua distribuição ao longo das raízes de cada dente, na arcada dentária e no osso que suporta os dentes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: When miniplates are used as anchoring for orthodontic mechanics for anterior open bite correction by retraction of anterior teeth and posterior teeth intrusion and retraction, orthodontically induced inflammatory external apical root resorption is clinically negligible. Methods: A homogeneous sample of 32 patients was used, and the roots of the teeth were compared on CT scans performed before and after orthodontic treatment. Results: The observed root resorption was minimal, and this can be explained by the uniform distribution of forces in several teeth, simultaneously, in the set of the dental arch and in the bone that supports the teeth. Conclusion: The most important thing to prevent root resorption in orthodontic practice, besides being concerned with the intensity of the applied forces, is to be careful with its distribution along the roots of each tooth, in the dental arch and in the bone that supports the teeth.

Abstract Coal slurry pipe, being a new type of energy transportation mode, changes of the particle composition and the effect on other parameters are worth studying. Comparison of ring tube test measured data and batch grinding model simulation data shows that batch grinding model can predict the coal particle gradation to a certain extent. The effect of collision and wear of overcurrent components in the centrifugal pump, friction and collision between particles and piping and piping accessories, and initial particle size distribution during hydraulic conveying were also investigated by laboratory studies. Meanwhile, the effect of particle composition change on slurry viscosity, hydraulic resistance and minimum resistance critical velocity was studied based on the experimental data. The experimental and theoretical analysis indicates that the change of slurry particle composition can lead to the change of viscosity, resistance and minimum resistance critical velocity of the slurry. Moreover, based on the previous studies, the calculation model of minimum resistance critical velocity of coal slurry is proposed.

Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic oxidized copper foam (OCF) was prepared by oxidation of copper foam using (NH4)2S2O8 to generate rough surface then followed by modification with low surface energy substance polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and stearic acid (SA). Based on sperwetting, form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) composites were obtained by facile absorbing of organic PCMs into PDMS-OCF network. In this way, the organic PCMs can be spontaneously adsorbed and remain stable without leakage even at high temperature over their melting points, and the thermal storage capacity of the as-synthesized PCMs composites were analyzed using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The latent heats of the PDMS-OCF/PCMs composites were measured to be 36.87 J g-1 and 36.81 J g-1 for PDMS-OCF/paraffin and PDMS-OCF/SA, respectively, which is greater than that of untreated copper form (CF)/paraffin composite (8.50 J g-1). The PDMS-OCF/PCMs composite shows better thermal stability and the loaded organic PCM has been reduced by 0.64% after 100 times of melting-cooling recycling for PDMS-OCF/paraffin. The thermal conductivity of PDMS-OCF/paraffin composite is about 9 times that of pure paraffin. Such excellent thermal conductivity as well as good thermal stability of the PDMS-OCF/PCMs makes it promising candidate for thermal energy storage.

Objective: The long face pattern is a facial deformity with increased anterior total facial height due to vertical excess of the lower facial third. Individuals with long face may present different degrees of severity in vertical excess, as well as malocclusions that are difficult to manage. The categorization of vertical excess is useful to determine the treatment prognosis. This survey assessed the distribution of ethnically different individuals with vertical excess according to three levels of severity and determined the prevalence of long face pattern. Material and Methods: The survey was comprised of 5,020 individuals of Brazilian ethnicity (2,480 females and 2,540 males) enrolled in middle schools in Bauru-SP, Brazil. The criterion for inclusion of individuals with vertically impaired facial relationships was based on lip incompetence, evaluated under natural light, in standing natural head position with the lips at rest. Once identified, the individuals were classified into three subtypes according to the severity: mild, moderate, and severe. Then the pooled sample was distributed according to ethnical background as White (Caucasoid), Black (African descent), Brown (mixed descent), Yellow (Asian descent) and Brazilian Indian (Brazilian native descent). The Chi-square (χ 2 ) test was used (p<0.05) to compare the frequency ratios of individuals with vertically impaired facial relationships in the total sample and among different ethnicities, according to the three levels of severity. Results: The severe subtype was rare, except in Black individuals (7.32%), who also presented the highest relative frequency (45.53%) of moderate subtype, followed by Brown individuals (43.40%). In the mild subtype, Yellow (68.08%) and White individuals (62.21%) showed similar and higher relative frequency values. Conclusions: Black individuals had greater prevalence of long face pattern, followed by Brown, White and Yellow individuals. The prevalence of long face pattern was 14.06% in which 13.39% and 0.68% belonged to moderate and severe subtypes, respectively.

OBJETIVO: avaliar o efeito da retração anterior sobre o ponto A sagital e verticalmente, bem como a correlação e a previsibilidade do comportamento dessas estruturas. METODOLOGIA: sessenta telerradiografias em norma lateral foram usadas, tomadas no início e no final do tratamento ortodôntico corretivo, a partir de 30 pacientes (22 feminino e 8 masculino) com idade entre 10 e 17 anos antes do tratamento, com má oclusão de Classe II, divisão 1 ou Classe I, que foram submetidos às extrações dos quatro primeiros pré-molares ou somente dois primeiros pré-molares superiores. Além das variáveis .1NA,1-NA, 1.PP e 1-A, mensurações lineares horizontais e verticais foram feitas em relação a uma linha de referência construída a partir da linha SN menos 7º e uma linha perpendicular a ela. Todos os dados foram mensurados duas vezes, e as médias foram submetidas ao teste t emparelhado, de correlação linear e de regressão. RESULTADOS: em média, o ponto A retraiu 0,71mm e movimentou para baixo 2,38mm, seguindo 1,03mm e 4,13mm de retração, respectivamente, do ápice radicular e da borda incisal, e 2,35mm de extrusão dentária. A retração do ponto A apresentou correlação positiva em relação ao ápice radicular (r = 0,75; alfa < 0,0001) e em relação à retração da borda incisal (r = 0,70; alfa < 0,0001), mostrando um comportamento ântero-posterior previsível. CONCLUSÕES: concluiu-se que o ponto A retraiu-se e movimentou-se para baixo seguindo o dente, e a retração do ponto A em relação aos incisivos foi previsível.

OBJECTIVE: it was aimed to evaluate the effect of retraction of anterior teeth on the point A sagittally and vertically, as well as the correlation and the predictability of the behavior of these structures. METHODS: sixty lateral cephalograms were used, which were taken at the beginning and at the end of fixed appliance orthodontic treatment, from thirty patients (22 female and 8 male) aging from 10 to 17 years at baseline, with Class II, Division 1 or Class I malocclusion, who underwent four first premolars extractions or maxillary first premolars extractions only. Besides the variables 1.NA, 1-NA, U1/PP and U1<FONT FACE=Symbol>«</FONT>AVERT, horizontal and vertical linear measurements were made in relation to a horizontal reference line constructed from the S-N plane minus 7º and its perpendicular. As distributed normally, all the data were measured twice, and the mean values were submitted to paired t test, linear correlation and regression tests. RESULTS: in average, point A retracted 0.71mm and moved 2.38mm downwardly, following 1.03mm of root apex and 4.13mm of incisal edge retraction, and 2.35mm of tooth extrusion. The retraction of point A was positively correlated with root apex (r = 0.75; p < 0.0001) and with incisal edge retraction (r = 0.70; p < 0.0001), showing a predictable sagittal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: it was concluded that point A retracted and moved downwardly following the tooth, and the retraction of point A in relation to the incisors was predictable.

OBJETIVO: o presente estudo teve como objetivo propor um método para classificação, segundo a severidade, dos indivíduos Padrão Face Longa, avaliando sua confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade. METODOLOGIA: foram utilizadas fotografias faciais (frontal, perfil e frontal sorrindo) de 125 crianças Padrão Face Longa (54 do gênero feminino e 71 do gênero masculino), selecionadas apenas considerando-se a morfologia facial, com idades entre 10 anos e 6 meses e 15 anos e 2 meses. As fotografias foram avaliadas, separadamente, por três examinadores, sendo reavaliadas após três semanas, em uma nova disposição aleatória. Os indivíduos foram graduados em três subtipos, de acordo com a severidade: moderado, médio e severo. Para avaliar as concordâncias intra e interexaminadores, foi utilizada a estatística Kappa (k). RESULTADOS: na avaliação intra-examinador, todos os examinadores obtiveram concordâncias substanciais, com o valor de Kappa variando de 0,64 a 0,66, havendo em todos os examinadores 80% ou mais de concordância. Quando comparadas as avaliações interexaminadores, as freqüências de concordância diminuíram, variando de 67,2% a 70,4%. A partir dos valores de Kappa, que variaram de 0,41 a 0,46, a interpretação foi considerada moderada. CONCLUSÕES: com base nesses resultados, o método foi considerado aplicável, com necessidade de complemento de informações provenientes de outros exames rotineiramente aplicados em Ortodontia. A aplicação clínica será demonstrada com intuito de evidenciar os níveis diferentes de severidade das más oclusões do Padrão Face Longa e as características do protocolo de tratamento recomendado.

AIM: The present study aimed to propose a method for classification of long-face patients according to severity, evaluating its reliability and reproducibility. METHODS: The study was conducted on facial photographs (frontal, profile and smiling frontal) of 125 long-face children (54 females and 71 males) aged 10 years and 6 months to 15 years and 2 months, selected only on the basis of facial morphology. The photographs were separately evaluated by three examiners and re-evaluated after three weeks in a different random order. The individuals were divided into three subtypes according to severity as mild, moderate and severe. Intra- and inter-examiner agreement was assessed by Kappa (k) statistics. RESULTS: Intra-examiner evaluation revealed substantial agreement, with Kappa values ranging from 0.64 to 0.66 and 80% or more agreement for all examiners. Evaluation of inter-examiner agreement revealed lower values, ranging from 67.2% to 70.4%, with Kappa values of 0.41 to 0.46, thus indicating moderate agreement. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, the method was regarded as applicable, yet it should be complemented with further information from other examinations routinely applied in Orthodontics. Clinical application will be demonstrated to highlight the different degrees of severity of long face pattern malocclusions and the characteristics of the recommended treatment protocol.