Abstract Managing anemia before surgery is extremely important as it is a clinical condition that can significantly increase surgical risk and affect patient outcomes. Anemia is characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels leading to a lower oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Proper treatment requires a multifaceted approach to ensure patients are in the best possible condition for surgery and to minimize potential complications. The challenge is recognizing anemia early and implementing a timely intervention to correct it. Anemic patients are more susceptible to surgical complications such as increased infection rates, slower wound healing and increased risk of cardiovascular events during and after surgery. Additionally, anemia can exacerbate existing medical conditions, causing greater strain on organs and organ systems. To correct anemia and optimize patient outcomes, several essential measures must be taken with the most common being identifying and correcting iron deficiency. outcomes oxygencarrying oxygen carrying rates Additionally conditions systems deficiency

Abstract Managing coagulation disorders and potential bleeding risks, especially in the context of anticoagulant medications, is of immense value both clinically and prior to surgery. Coagulation disorders can lead to bleeding complications, affecting patient safety and surgical outcomes. The use of Patient Blood Management protocols offers a comprehensive, evidence-based approach that effectively addresses these challenges. The problem is to find a delicate balance between preventing thromboembolic events (blood clots) and reducing the risk of bleeding. Anticoagulant medications, although crucial to preventing clot formation, can increase the potential for bleeding during surgical procedures. Patient blood management protocols aim to optimize patient outcomes by minimizing blood loss and unnecessary transfusions. risks medications surgery complications comprehensive evidencebased evidence based challenges clots formation procedures transfusions

Abstract The preoperative clinical and laboratory evaluations of the patient is an essential step to ensure the safety and success of any surgical procedure. This assessment aims to identify any underlying medical conditions and risk factors and determine suitability for surgery. With this step, the medical team can adapt the care plan to meet each patient's specific needs, increasing the chances of a successful procedure. Good clinical assessment and comprehensive laboratory testing, when integrated into a Patient Blood Management approach, are invaluable in promoting safety of care, reducing transfusion risks, improving surgical outcomes, and optimizing resource utilization. This approach not only elevates the quality of care, but is also aligned with evidence-based practice and patient-centered principles, making it an essential component of the perioperative process. procedure surgery patients s needs testing risks outcomes utilization evidencebased evidence based patientcentered centered principles process

O tratamento da hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) por deficiência da 21-hidroxilase forma clássica é habitualmente realizado com acetato de hidrocortisona. A hidrocortisona oral, em nosso meio, só está disponível em farmácias de manipulação. A prednisolona possui solução oral estável, comercialmente disponível, e tem como vantagem poder ser utilizada em dose única diária. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar a eficácia da prednisolona aos resultados obtidos com o acetato de hidrocortisona. Foram estudados 15 pacientes, idade cronológica média (DP) de 7,2 anos (3,6), em dois períodos consecutivos de um ano, inicialmente utilizando a hidrocortisona (17,5 mg/m²/dia, divididos em três doses), seguida do uso de prednisolona (3 mg/m²/dia, dose única matinal). A avaliação dos tratamentos foi realizada por meio das variações do escore Z de estatura para idade cronológica (deltaZE), do escore Z de estatura para a idade óssea (deltaZEIO) e do escore Z do Índice de massa corporal (IMC) (deltaZIMC), bem como os valores da androstenediona em cada período. Não houve diferença na deltaZE, na deltaZEIO e na deltaZIMC entre os dois períodos, assim como nos valores de androstenediona. Concluiu-se que a prednisolona em dose única diária apresenta eficácia semelhante à obtida com a hidrocortisona utilizada três vezes ao dia, podendo ser considerada uma opção terapêutica nos pacientes com HAC por deficiência da 21-hidroxilase.

Hydrocortisone acetate is usually employed in the treatment of classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. In Brazil, however, oral hydrocortisone acetate is only available from manipulation pharmacies. Prednisolone has stable oral pharmaceutical formulations commercially available, with the advantage of a single daily dose. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of oral prednisolone and oral hydrocortisone in the treatment of CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Fifteen patients with mean (SD) chronological age of 7.2 (3.6) years, were evaluated in two consecutive 1-year periods. In the first year, hydrocortisone (17.5mg/m²/day, divided in three doses) was used in the treatment, followed by the use of prednisolone (3 mg/m²/day, once in the morning) in the second year. The comparison between the two treatments was assessed after a one-year treatment period by: variation of height standard deviation score (SDS) (delta Height SDS), variation of height SDS according to bone age (delta BA SDS), variation of body mass SDS (delta BMI SDS) and serum levels of androstenedione. No significant difference was observed in relation to the delta Height SDS, delta BA SDS and delta BMI SDS. No significant difference was observed in the serum levels of androstenedione. We conclude that the efficacy of prednisolone administered once a day orally is comparable to the oral use of hydrocortisone three times a day. Oral prednisolone may be an option for patients with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.