Objective: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention efficacy trials with psychiatric patients have been conducted in research settings in high-resourced countries, establishing short-term efficacy for reducing sexual risk behavior. None has been implemented within systems of care. In the last decade, overcoming this research-to-practice gap has become a focus of implementation science. This paper describes the first and only HIV Prevention intervention trial for psychiatric patients conducted in real-world outpatient psychiatric settings facilitated by trained clinic-based providers. Methods: The HIV Prevention intervention, which uses the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model to achieve sexual risk-reduction, was rigorously adapted to the local context and clinic services’ needs. Participants from eight clinics were randomized to HIV Prevention or Health Promotion conditions. Results: HIV Prevention participants showed significant improvement in Information-Motivation-Behavioral domains; in this group, behavioral intentions were associated with significantly fewer unprotected sex occasions, but reduction of unprotected sex occasions was similar in both conditions. Conclusion: Our trial was conducted before implementation studies became widely funded. Transporting an intervention to a new culture or into real-world practice settings may require adaptations. Our results demonstrate that clear guidelines are needed regarding whether to conduct efficacy, effectiveness, and/or implementation research as the most appropriate next step. Clinical trial registration: NCT00881699

Background: Cardiac and renal diseases commonly occur with bidirectional interactions. We hypothesized that cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers may assist in identification of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) at high risk of worsening renal function. Methods: In this exploratory analysis from SAVOR-TIMI 53, concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-TnT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were measured in baseline serum samples of 12310 patients. The primary end point for this analysis was a ≥40% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at end of treatment (EOT) at a median of 2.1 years. The relationships between biomarkers and the end point were modeled using adjusted logistic and Cox regression. Results: After multivariable adjustment including baseline renal function, each biomarker was independently associated with an increased risk of ≥40% decrease in eGFR at EOT [Quartile (Q) Q4 vs Q1: hs-TnT adjusted odds ratio (OR), 5.63 (3.49-9.10); NT-proBNP adjusted OR, 3.53 (2.29-5.45); hs-CRP adjusted OR, 1.84 (95% CI, 1.27-2.68); all P values ≤0.001]. Furthermore, each biomarker was independently associated with higher risk of worsening of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) category (all P values ≤0.002). Sensitivity analyses in patients without heart failure and eGFR >60 mL/min provided similar results. In an adjusted multimarker model, hs- TnT and NT-proBNP remained significantly associated with both renal outcomes (all P values <0.01). Conclusions: hs-TnT, NT-proBNP, and hs-CRP were each associated with worsening of renal function [reduction in eGFR (≥40%) and deterioration in UACR class] in high-risk patients with T2DM. Patients with high cardiac or inflammatory biomarkers should be treated not only for their risk of cardiovascular outcomes but also followed for renal deterioration.

Antecedentes: Las enfermedades cardiaca y renal se manifiestan comunmente con interacciones bidireccionales. Nuestra hipotesis es que los biomarcadores cardiacos e inflamatorios pueden ser utiles en la identificacion de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) de alto riesgo de deterioro de la funcion renal. Métodos: En el presente analisis exploratorio del estudio SAVOR-TIMI 53, las concentraciones de troponina T cardiaca de alta sensibilidad (TnT-us), propeptido natriuretico cerebral N-terminal (NT-proBNP) y proteina C-reactiva de alta sensibilidad (PCR-us) fueron medidas en muestras basales de suero de 12.310 pacientes. El punto final primario para este analisis fue una disminucion mayor al 40% en la tasa de filtracion glomerular estimada (TFGe) al final del tratamiento (FdT) en una mediana de seguimiento de 2,1 anos. Las relaciones entre los biomarcadores y el punto final se modelaron utilizando regresion logistica ajustada y regresion de Cox. Resultados: Despues de la regresion logistica ajustada, incluyendo la funcion renal basal, cada biomarcador se asocio independientemente con mayor riesgo de una disminucion mayor o igual al 40% en la TFGe al FdT [Cuartil (Q) Q4 vs Q1: cociente de probabilidades (CP) ajustado de TnT-us fue 5,63 (IC 95%, 3,49-9,10); para NTproBNP CP ajustado, 3,53 (IC 95%, 2,29-5,45); OR ajustado para PCR-us, 1,84 (IC 95%, 1,27-2,68); todos los valores con p≤0,001]. Ademas, cada biomarcador se asocio de manera independiente con mayor riesgo de empeoramiento en la categoria de la relacion albumina/ creatinina urinaria (RACu) (p≤0,002 en todos los casos). Los analisis de sensibilidad en pacientes sin insuficiencia cardiaca y TFGe >60 mL/min demostraron resultados similares. En un modelo ajustado de marcadores multiples (multi-marcador), TnT-us y NT-proBNP se mantuvieron significativamente asociados con ambos puntos finales renales (p<0,01 en todos los casos). Conclusiones: TnT-us, NT-proBNP y PCR-us se asociaron con el empeoramiento de la funcion renal [reduccion de la TFGe (≥40%) y deterioro en la categoria de RACu] en pacientes con DM2 de alto riesgo. Los pacientes con biomarcadores cardiacos o inflamatorios elevados deben ser tratados no solo por su riesgo de resultados cardiovasculares, sino tambien monitoreados en cuanto a su deterioro renal.

Abstract Objectives: To determine the prevalence and describe factors associated with the use of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) among older patients. Methods: Cross sectional study of 400 older patients selected systematically at the geriatric centre, University College Hospital, Ibadan between July and September 2016. With the aid of semi-structured questionnaires, information on the socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, healthcare utilisation and morbidities was obtained. The Beer’s criteria 2015 update was used to identify the PIMs. Predictors of PIMs were determined using multivariate analyses at alpha 0.05. Results: Age was 70.2 (SD=5.9) years and 240 (60%) were females. General prescription pattern showed antihypertensives (34.7%) as the commonest medications used. The point prevalence of PIMs use was 31%. In all, 10 PIMs were used by the respondents. The majority (81.5%) were using one PIM, while (17.7%) used two PIMs and (0.8%) 3 PIMs. NSAIDs (72.6%) were the commonest PIMs identified, followed by the benzodiazepines (24.2%). Respondents had an average of 1.9 morbidities, and mulitmorbidity found in 60.5%. Logistic regression analysis showed self-rated health assessed as better compared with age-mates [OR =1.718 (1.080-2.725)] and being physically active [OR =1.879 (1.026-3.436)] as the most significantly associated with PIMs use. Conclusions: The use of PIMs among older patients in our setting was high with NSAIDs being the most frequently used medications. An interdisciplinary approach, of medication review by pharmacists’, working with physicians may improve prescribing practices among older persons. Therefore, it is necessary to create public health awareness on the use of PIMs among older persons.

CONTEXTE: L'évaluation de la situation fonctionnelle des personnes agées est essentielle pour mesurer leurs résultats en matière de santé. On ne sait pas grand-chose sur la situation fonctionnelle des patients agés qui fréquentent notre clinique de soins primaires au Nigéria OBJECTIF: Evaluer les correspondances du statut fonctionnel des patients agés qui fréquentent la policlinique générale de l'Höpital académique (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria MÉTHODE: Une étude transversale de 360 patients sélectionnés au hasard, agés de 60 ans et plus, a été faite de septembre a novembre 2011. On a évalué le statut fonctionnel en mesurant leurs activités courantes de leur vie quotidienne (ACVQ) au moyen de l'Indice Bathel Modifié(MBI). On a utilisé un questionnaire administré par un interviewer pour obtenir les données sociodémographiques, les mesures anthropométriques et les morbidités de chaque patient. RÉSULTATS: L'age moyen était de 69.1 ± 6.6 ans avec une proportion femme-homme de 1.9: 1. La prédominance d'incapacité fonctionnelle générale (définie comme le moment oü on a besoin d'aide pour effectuer au moins l'une des composantes d'ACVQ) était de 88.3%. La prédominance d'incapacité fonctionnelle se ressentait dans le domaine de l'hygiène personnelle et de la toilette (95.3%) et dans le transfert du lit a la chaise (95.3%). L'incapacité fonctionnelle générale augmentait considérablement avec l'age (χ2 pour la tendance = 14.004, p < 0.0001), la vie dans une famille de type polygame (p = 0.025) et le manque d'éducation formelle (p = 0.020). Dans cette étude les morbidités détectées n'étaient pas vraiment liées au statut fonctionnel CONCLUSION: L'incapacité fonctionnelle était élevée chez les personnes agées dans ce contexte. Les facteurs sociodémographiques, particulièrement l'age, l'éducation, et la vie dans un type de famille polygame avaient plus d'influence sur le statut fonctionnel que les comorbidités. Il faudra donc mettre plus l'accent sur ces facteurs pour diminuer l'incapacité fonctionnelle chez les personnes agées.

BACKGROUND: Assessing the functional status of elderly patients is central in measuring their health outcome. Little is known about the functional status of elderly patients attending our primary care clinic in Nigeria OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlates of functional status in elderly patients presenting at the General Outpatient Clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 360 randomly selected patients aged 60 years and above was undertaken to assess their functional status by scoring their basic activities of daily living (BADL) using the Modified Bathel Index. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data, anthropometric measurements and morbidities of each patient RESULTS: The mean age was 69.1 ± 6.6 years with a female-to-male ratio of 1.9: 1. The prevalence of overall functional disability (defined as when assistance was sought in the performance of at least one of the components of BADL) was 88.3%. The highest prevalence of functional disability was experienced in the area of personal hygiene and grooming (95.3%) and transferring from bed to chair (95.3%). Overall functional disability significantly increased with increasing age (x² for trend=14.004, p < 0.0001), living in a polygamous family unit (p = 0.025), and lack of formal education (p = 0.020 CONCLUSION: Functional disability was high amongst the elderly in this setting. Age, education, and living in a polygamous type of family unit had significant influence on the functional status. High premium should, therefore, be placed on considering these factors in reducing functional disability in the elderly.

La ocurrencia natural de patógenos específicos y biopesticidas aplicados en forma inundativa puede contribuir significativamente al control de la palomilla de la papa, Phthorimaea operculella. La mayoría de las investigaciones y aplicaciones realizadas han usado para el control de P. operculella una especie de granulovirus y la bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). El granulovirus de P. operculella (PhopGV) tiene el potencial de jugar un importante papel en el manejo integrado de dicha plaga tanto en tubérculos almacenados como en el cultivo en condiciones de campo. Simultáneamente, Bt ha sido usado exitosamente contra infestaciones de P. operculella en el campo y en los tubérculos almacenados. PhopGV y Bt son seguros para las personas que hacen las aplicaciones y en los productos alimenticios; además, no afectan a los insectos benéficos y a otros organismos no blanco. Otros insecticidas naturales son el hongo biofumigante Muscodor albus, extractos botánicos, feromonas sexuales y métodos físicos para el manejo de P. operculella en tubérculos almacenados. La implementación de los biospesticidas dependerá en última instancia de una mayor conciencia de sus atributos por parte de los productores y del público, quienes serán los principales impulsores para su uso y comercialización.

The natural occurrence of specific pathogens and biopesticides applied in an inundative fashion can contribute significantly to control of the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella. Most of the research conducted and practices used for control of P. operculella use one species of granulovirus and the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). The P. operculella granulovirus (PhopGV) has the potential to play a significant role in the integrated management of the pest in stored tubers as well as in field crops. At the same time, Bt has been used successfully against P. operculella infestations in the field and in stored tubers. PhopGV and Bt are safe for application personnel and for the food products; in addition, they do not affect beneficial insects and other nontarget organisms. Other natural insecticides are the biofumigant fungus Muscodor albus, botanicals, sex pheromones and physical measures for P. operculella control in stored tubers. The implementation of biopesticides will ultimately depend on an increased awareness of their attributes by growers and the public, who will be the main drivers for their use and commercialization.

Apresentamos dados clínicos e moleculares de quatro famílias com adenoma hipofisário familiar isolado (FIPA) enfatizando as diferenças na presença ou não de mutação do AIP e a importância da triagem genética. A Família 1 é composta por cinco pacientes portadores de somatotropinomas com mutação germinativa E24X no AIP. Um dos pacientes foi diagnosticado por meio de rastreio ativo, com cura cirúrgica. As Famílias 2 e 3 apresentam em sua composição dois pacientes com adenomas hipofisários não funcionantes. A Família 4 compreende dois pacientes, um com prolactinoma e outro com somatotropinoma. Não foi encontrada mutação no AIP nessas famílias. Na Família 1, não houve resposta ao octreotide, enquanto o paciente acromegálico da Família 4 foi controlado com a medicação. Em conclusão, a FIPA é uma condição heterogênea que pode estar associada à mutação do AIP e o rastreio genético/clínico é recomendado nas famílias com dois ou mais membros portadores de adenoma hipofisário. Isso permite um diagnóstico precoce, com melhor prognóstico.

We present four FIPA kindred discussing clinical and molecular data and emphasizing the differences regarding AIP status, as well as the importance of genetic screening. Family 1 consists of five patients harboring somatotropinomas with germline E24X mutation in AIP. In one of the patients, acromegaly was diagnosed through active screening, being cured by surgery. Families 2 and 3 are composed of two patients with non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Family 4 comprises patients harboring a prolactinoma and a somatotropinoma. No mutations in AIP were found in these families. No patient in Family 1 was controlled with octreotide treatment, while the acromegalic patient in Family 4 was controlled with octreotide LAR. In conclusion, FIPA is a heterogeneous condition, which may be associated with AIP mutation. Genomic and clinical screening is recommended in families with two or more members harboring pituitary adenomas, allowing early diagnosis and better outcome.

El objetivo de este estudio fue mejorar la producción de embriones bovinos con semen sexado bajo condiciones químicamente definidas mediante la suplementación del medio de fecundación con db-cAMP. Los complejos ovocitos cumulus (COCs) fueron madurados por 18 horas en TCM-199 suplementado y fueron fecundados con espermatozoides X o Y en presencia de heparina (10 g/ml), db-cAMP (1 µM) o sin tratamiento alguno (control). Los presuntivos cigotos fueron cultivados por 54 horas en g-SOF. Desde las 72 a las 144 horas post-inseminación (hpi) los embriones se cultivaron en c-SOF+NEA y desde 144 a 192 hpi fueron colocados en medio de maduración pero sin hormonas. No se observaron diferencias entre tratamientos para los oocitos fecundados con espermatozoides Y cuando se compararon a los controles. Se observó una mejora significativa (P<0,01) en la proporción de ovocitos que se dividieron cuando fueron fecundados con espermatozoides X tratados con db-cAMP (70,83%) en comparación con los fecundados con espermatozoides Y tratados con db-cAMP (46,37%). El tratamiento con db-cAMP fue capaz de inducir una mayor (P<0,05) tasa de formación de blastocistos (19.29%) en comparación a los tratamientos control (8,47%) y heparina (10,44%). El tratamiento con db-cAMP incrementó (P<0,05) la tasa de embriones de cuatro células alcanzando el estadio de blastocisto cuando los oocitos fueron fecundados con espermatozoides X (30,77%) en comparación a cuando la fecundación se realizó con espermatozoides Y (9,68%) y en comparación a cuando se llevó a cabo con espermatozoides X o Y en presencia de heparina (5,88% y 15,15%, respectivamente) o en el tratamiento control (9,68% y 7,14%, respectivamente). Estos resultados sugieren, que el db-cAMP puede ser un tratamiento efectivo para el semen sexado, a fin de incrementar la producción in vitro de embriones bovinos hembra bajo condiciones químicamente definidas.

The objective of this study was to improve sexed bovine embryo production with sorted sperm in chemically defined conditions by supplementing the IVF medium with db-cAMP. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured for 18 h in supplemented TCM-199 and fertilized with X- or Y-bearing sperm in the presence of heparin (10 µg/ml), db-cAMP (1 µM) or no treatment (control). Presumptive zygotes were cultured 54 h in g-SOF. From 72 to 144 h post- insemination (hpi) embryos were cultured in c-SOF+NEA and from 144 to 192 hpi embryos were placed in maturation medium without hormones. No significant differences were found among treatments for Y-sperm when compared to controls. A significant (P<0.01) improvement in the proportion of cleaved oocytes was found for X-sperm treated with db-cAMP (70.83%) compared to the Y-sperm inseminated oocytes treated wit db-cAMP (46.37%). Treatment with db-cAMP enabled a better (P<0.05) blastocyst formation rate (19.29%) compared to control (8.47%) and heparin (10.44%). Treatment of db-cAMP significantly increased the rate of blastocysts in X-sperm inseminated oocytes (30.77%) compared to Y-sperm inseminated oocytes treated the same (9.68%) and compared to X- and Y-sperm treated with heparin (5.88% and 15.15%, respectively) and not treated (9.68% and 7.14%, respectively, P<0.05). These results suggest that db-cAMP may prove to be an effective treatment of sorted sperm for in vitro production of female bovine embryos under chemically defined conditions.

Muitos insetos e ácaros atacam fruteiras nos trópicos. O método tradicional para controlar a maioria dessas pragas é a aplicação de inseticidas químicos. A crescente preocupação sobre os efeitos negativos desses produtos vem encorajando o desenvolvimento de alternativas. Agentes do controle biológico aplicados de forma inundativa ou inoculativa têm sido pesquisados como método de controle alternativo para uma variedade de pragas em grande número de culturas, incluindo fruteiras tropicais. A maioria das pesquisas e aplicações em fruteiras tropicais tem sido feita em citros, banana, côco e manga. Especificamente, há vários casos de sucesso em citros para diferentes ácaros e insetos. Em banana, o controle do moleque-da-bananeira, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) com nematóides e fungus também é considerado de sucesso. Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) é uma das principais pragas em côco e um dos mais importantes exemplos de controle biológico clássico por vírus não-ocluso. As pragas-chave em manga que têm sido controladas com diferentes agentes de controle microbiano são as moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae), com nematóides e fungos, o gorgulho-da-manga, Sternochetus mangiferae (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), com fungos, e vários hemípteros com fungo. O controle microbiano de pragas tem sido bem sucedido também em goiaba, mamão e abacaxi. O desafio que se vislumbra para a maior aplicabilidade dessas tecnologias é o desenvolvimento de combinações compatíveis entre entomopatógenos, predadores e parasitóides juntamente com outras técnicas de controle.

A multitude of insects and mites attack fruit crops throughout the tropics. The traditional method for controlling most of these pests is the application of chemical pesticides. Growing concern on the negative environmental effects has encouraged the development of alternatives. Inundatively and inoculatively applied microbial control agents (virus, bacteria, fungi, and entomopathogenic nematodes) have been developed as alternative control methods of a wide variety of arthropods including tropical fruit pests. The majority of the research and applications in tropical fruit agroecosystems has been conducted in citrus, banana, coconut, and mango. Successful microbial control initiatives of citrus pests and mites have been reported. Microbial control of arthropod pests of banana includes banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (with EPNs and fungi) among others Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) is one of the most important pests of coconut and one of the most successful uses of non-occluded virus for classical biological control. Key pests of mango that have been controlled with microbial control agents include fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) (with EPNs and fungi), and other pests. Also successful is the microbial control of arthropod pests of guava, papaya and pineapple. The challenge towards a broader application of entomopathogens is the development of successful combinations of entomopathogens, predators, and parasitoids along with other interventions to produce effective and sustainable pest management.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a retenção de atrazina e picloram, transportados via escoamento superficial, em zona ripária. Para isto, simulou-se um escoamento superficial, contendo uma mistura de caulinita, atrazina e picloram, dentro de zonas ripárias estabelecidas ao longo de plantações de pinheiros do Nordeste do Estado da Geórgia, EUA. Cinco parcelas foram instaladas dentro de zonas ripárias, apresentando declividades diferentes (2, 5, 10, 15 e 20%). Os efeitos da umidade do solo e da presença do horizonte O na retenção dos dois herbicidas foram avaliados. Um modelo exponencial, comumente utilizado na estimativa de redução da DBO e de nutrientes em tratamento por escoamento superficial, foi empregado na estimativa de redução de herbicidas e caulinita em zonas ripárias. O modelo possibilitou estimar com razoável precisão, a remoção de caulinita e atrazina da mistura em escoamento ao longo de zonas ripárias de 10 m de comprimento. Em geral, a declividade foi o parâmetro que apresentou melhor correlação com a retenção dos contaminantes presentes na mistura em escoamento na zona ripária. O horizonte O, mais espesso nas maiores declividades, favoreceu tanto a sedimentação da caulinita como a adsorção da atrazina.

This work aimed to investigate the retention of atrazine and picloram, carried by surface flow, in riparian zones. The surface flow, containing a mixture of both herbicides and kaolin, was then simulated within riparian zones established in pine plantations in north-eastern Georgia, USA. Five plots were established within riparian zones, each with a different slope (2, 5, 10, 15 and 20%). The influence of the initial moisture and of the O horizon condition in herbicide retention was analyzed. An exponential model, commonly used for the estimate of biochemical demand of oxygen (BOD) and nutrients attenuation in overland flow treatment, was used to estimate the attenuation of kaolin and herbicides in riparian zones. The model allowed an accurate estimate of the attenuation of kaolin and atrazine from the surface runoff mixture along 10 m of riparian zone. Generally, slope showed the best correlation with retention of the pollutants presented in the runoff mixture within the riparian zone. The O horizon present in the steeper slopes improved the sedimentation of kaolin and the atrazine adsorption.

O efeito do hyphomyceto Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wise) Brown & Smith sobre as atividades de predação e parasitismo de Aphelinus asychis Walker, um parasitóide comum do pulgão-russo-do-trigo, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), foi estudado sobre três diferentes umidades relativas. Três lotes de 20 fêmeas de A. asychis foram tratadas com 5,2 x 10(4) esporos/cm² (2 x DL95 para D. noxia). Cada fêmea foi então individualmente mantida numa placa de Petri com janela de ventilação provida com folhas de cevada e 20 D. noxia do 3º instar. Os lotes de 20 fêmeas tratadas foram mantidos em uma das seguintes umidades relativas: 67-73%, 85-89% e 94-98%. Números iguais de insetos não tratados foram mantidos nas mesmas condições (testemunha). A cada 24 horas, durante uma semana, os parasitóides sobreviventes eram transferidos para nova placa de Petri provida com folhas frescas e 20 pulgões. Após cada período de 24 horas de exposição e para cada parasitóide, os pulgões mortos foram contados e as folhas contendo os pulgões vivos foram colocadas sobre plantas de cevada a fim de permitir o reestabelecimento destes afídeos. Nove dias após a transferência dos pulgões, as múmias originadas foram contadas. O número total de afídeos consumidos e de múmias originadas do ataque dos parasitóides tratados, incubados a 94-98% de umidade relativa, foram significativamente menores do que os números correspondentes resultantes de parasitóides não tratados. Existe um declínio significativo de predação e de parasitismo para as fêmeas tratadas e uma redução progressiva no número de parasitóides sobreviventes. A morte de todos os parasitóides tratados, incubados por sete dias à umidade de 94-98% após tratamento, e o alto nível de micose dos cadáveres demonstraram suscetibilidade do adulto de A. asychis ao fungo P. fumosoroseus em condições de alta umidade relativa. Contudo, a compatibilidade do fungo e do parasitóide nas baixas umidades relativas indica bom potencial para seu uso combinado.

The effect of the hyphomycete Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wise) Brown & Smith on the predatory and parasitic activity of Aphelinus asychis Walker, a common parasitoid of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), was investigated under three different humidities. Three cohorts of 20 female A. asychis were treated with 5.2 x 10(4) spores/cm² (twice the LD95 for D. noxia). Each female was then individually maintained in a ventilated Petri dish in which were placed three barley leaves and 20 third-instar D. noxia. Cohorts of 20 treated females were each held at one of the following relative humidities along with an equal number of untreated control insects: 67-73%, 85-89%, and 94-98%. Every 24 hours over a period of one week, the surviving parasitoids were transferred into a new Petri dish provided with fresh leaves and 20 aphids. After each 24-hour period of exposure and for each parasitoid, dead aphids were counted and the leaves with live aphids were transferred to barley plants to permit the re-establishment of the aphids. Nine days after the transfer of aphids, the mummies were counted. The total number of aphids consumed and mummies originated from the treated parasitoids incubated at 94-98% RH was significantly lower than in the control group. There was a significant decline in predation and parasitism per treated female per day and a progressive reduction in the number of treated parasitoids surviving each day. The death of all treated parasitoids incubated for 7 days at 94-98% RH after treatment and the high level of mycosis in cadavers demonstrate the susceptibility of adult A. asychis to P. fumosoroseus at high relative humidity. However, the reduced suceptibility of parasitoids at lower humidities means that may still be possible to construct an integrated program of pest management using parasitoids and pathogens.

Resumo É apresentada uma lista atualizada de quirópteros da região amazônica brasileira, baseada em nossa coleção de 3.081 exemplares capturados em 12 áreas na Bacia Amazônica e com referência às literaturas anteriormente publicadas. A lista conta com 95 espécies de 51 gêneros e 9 famílias, sendo 3 espécies (Micronycteris hirsuta, Natalus stramineus e Rhogessa tumida) citadas pela primeira vez como ocorrendo na região; e das demais alistadas por pesquisadores anteriores, são registradas e confirmadas 68 espécies.

Summary We present an updated checklist on bats of the Amazon Basin in Brazil, based on our collection of 3.081 specimens in 12 areas in the Basin and a review of the existing literature. The list consists of 95 species belonging to 51 genera and 9 families: 3 species (Micronycteris hirsuta, Natalus stramineus and Rhogessa tumida) are being cited for the first time as present in the Amazon Basin; of the remaining 92 species reported by previous workers. 68 were registered and confirmed by the present authors.

Resumo Fêmeas adultas do vespídeo Angiopolybia pallens (Lepeltier) foram observadas alimentando-se do material do ninho, ovos e girinos do ninho de espuma construído pela rã Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti) próximo de Manaus, Brasil. Larvas e adultos de moscas de efidrídeos, Gastrops willistoni Cresson, foram encontrados em todos os ninhos de espuma de L. pentadactylus encontrados entre 15 de julho a 21 de dezembro de 1978. As larvas provavelmente alimentam-se de ovos não desenvolvidos, material do ninho e dos corpos de insetos que tinham ficado presos no material viscoso. Um eucoilídeo parasito de larvas de efidrídeo foi observado "in situ" e criado em laboratório das coletas de campo de larvas de G. willistoni. Associações esporádicas adicionais são também assinaladas. Fêmeas adultas de Angiopolybia obidensis (Ducke) foram observadas em uma ocasião comendo a gelatina ao redor dos ovos de rã (hylídeo), Osteocephalus taurinus Sleindachner.

Summary Adult females of the vespid Angiopolybia pallens (lepeltier) were observed feeding upon nest material, eggs, and tadpoles of the foam nest building frog, Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti) near Manaus, Brasil. Larvae and adults of the ephydrid fly, Gastrops willistoni Cresson were found at every foam nest of L. pentadactylus that was encountered between July 15 and Dec. 21, 1978. The larvae probably feed on the undeveloped eggs, nest material and on the bodies of insects that have become stuck in the viscous nests. An eucoilid parasite of the ephydrid larvae was observed in situ and was reared in the laboratory from field collected larvae of G. willistoni. Additional sporadic associates are also listed. Adult females of Angiopolybia obidensis (Ducke) were observed on one occasion eating the gelatin from around the eggs of the hylid frog, Osteocephalus taurinus Steindachner.