ABSTRACT. Nonlinear regression models represent an alternative way to describe plant growth. In this study, we aimed to model the growth of linseed using four methods for data collection (longitudinal, mean, random, and cross-sectional) and fitting the logistic and Von Bertalanffy nonlinear regression models. The data came from experiments conducted between 2014 and 2020 in the municipality of Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The study had a randomized block design, with experimental units consisting of six lines, 5.0 m long and 3.0 m wide, containing the varieties and cultivars of linseed with four replicates. We performed weekly assessments of the number of secondary stems and plant height and measured total dry mass fortnightly. After tabulation, the data were analyzed using the four methods, and the logistic and Von Bertalanffy models were fitted. The logistic model for the plant height variable exhibited the best performance using the longitudinal, mean, and cross-sectional methods. It was an alternative approach that reduced the time and labor required to conduct the experiment. ABSTRACT longitudinal (longitudinal mean random crosssectional cross sectional 201 202 Curitibanos Catarina Brazil design lines 50 5 0 5. 30 3 3. wide replicates fortnightly tabulation fitted experiment 20 2

RESUMO: A cultura da cenoura se destaca no cenário mundial por suas características nutricionais e importância econômica, aspecto que demanda o constante desenvolvimento de pesquisas visando maior produtividade. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi propor um plano experimental, determinando as estimativas de tamanho de parcela, tamanho de amostra e número de repetições, com a finalidade de aumentar a precisão e confiabilidade dos resultados dos experimentos com a cultura da cenoura. Foram conduzidos seis ensaios de uniformidade, utilizando três cultivares em duas safras (Safra: 2019 e 2021). Cada planta foi considerada uma unidade experimental básica e em cada BEU foram medidas as variáveis altura da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz, massa fresca da parte aérea, massa fresca da raiz e diâmetro da raiz. O tamanho da parcela, da amostra e o número de repetições foram estimados pelo método da máxima curvatura do coeficiente de variação. Os resultados recomendam que para experimentos com a cultura da cenoura sejam utilizadas parcelas com doze plantas. Para amostragem de plantas de cenoura na parcela, devem ser utilizadas amostras de onze plantas no sentido da linha, considerando uma semi-amplitude do intervalo de confiança (D%) igual a 20% da média, com nível de confiança de 95%. Para uma diferença mínima significativa no teste de Tukey expressa em porcentagem da média de 50%, recomendam-se parcelas de doze plantas por fileira de cultivo, com oito repetições. RESUMO econômica produtividade Assim parcela uniformidade Safra (Safra 201 2021. 2021 . 2021) aérea variação linha semiamplitude semi amplitude D% D (D% 20 95 95% 50 50% recomendamse cultivo 202 (D 2 9 5

ABSTRACT: The carrotculture stands out on the world stage due to its nutritional characteristics and economic importance, an aspect that demands the constant development of research aiming greater productivity. Thus, this study proposed an experimental plan, determining the estimates of plot size, sample size, and number of repetitions, with the purpose of increasing the precision and reliability of the results of the experiments with the carrot crop. Six uniformity trials were conducted, using three cultivars in two growing seasons (Season: 2019 and 2021).Each plant was considered a basic experimental unit and in each BEU, the variables shoot height, root length, shoot fresh mass, root fresh mass, and root diameter were measured. The size of the plot, sample, and the number of repetitions was estimated by the method of maximum curvature of the coefficient of variation. The results recommend that for experiments with the carrot crop, plots with twelve plants should be used. For a sampling of carrot plants in the plot, samples of eleven plants must be used in the direction of the row, considering a semi-amplitude of the confidence interval (D%) equal to 20% of the mean, with a confidence level of 95%. For a minimum significant difference in the Tukey test expressed as a percentage of the 50% mean, plots of twelve plants per crop row, with eight replicates, are recommended. ABSTRACT importance productivity Thus plan conducted Season (Season 201 2021.Each 2021Each Each 2021 .Each BEU height length mass measured variation row semiamplitude semi amplitude D% D (D% 20 mean 95 95% 50 replicates recommended 202 (D 2 9 5

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the use of the product of thermal efficiency and photosynthetically active radiation (TEP) to model the growth of tomato seedlings across different growing seasons. The work was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates in two seasons (summer/autumn and winter/spring). Height, diameter, the Dickson’s Quality Index (DQI), and total plant mass (TPM) were measured at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 days after sowing (DAS). The logistic model was fitted for each measured variable as a function of TEP, and the partial derivatives of the fitted function estimated the critical points. The results demonstrated that the logistic function effectively explained the nonlinear relationships of seedling growth. The fit quality parameters showed high fitted coefficients of determination and low values for the standard error of fit, residual standard deviation, and intrinsic and parametric nonlinearity. It was possible to characterize the growth process of tomato seedlings in both growth periods investigated. The logistic model fitted for the studied variables as a function of TEP becomes an accurate model capable of describing growth aspects of tomato seedlings, such as growth estimation, growth speed, and growth rate, essential parameters for decision-making in tomato cultivation. (TEP summer/autumn summerautumn summer autumn winter/spring. winterspring winter/spring . winter spring winter/spring) Height diameter Dicksons Dickson s DQI, DQI , (DQI) TPM (TPM 15 20 25 30 3 4 DAS. DAS (DAS) points deviation nonlinearity investigated estimation speed rate decisionmaking decision making cultivation (DQI 1 2 (DAS

RESUMO: O estudo foi conduzido com o intuito de analisar as implicações da remoção dos parâmetros do modelo matemático sobre os resultados da análise de trilha, com aveia cultivada em diferentes anos e cenários agrícolas (com e sem fungicida). Para isso, dois ensaios de campo foram conduzidos no sul do Brasil, em cinco anos de cultivo. O delineamento experimental empregado no ensaio I (com aplicação de fungicida) foi o de blocos completos ao acaso, sendo um bifatorial 22 × 4, caracterizado por vinte e duas cultivares de aveia e quatro aplicações de fungicidas. Para o ensaio II (sem aplicação de fungicida) foi empregado o delineamento em blocos completos ao acaso, sendo os tratamentos caracterizados por vinte e duas cultivares de aveia, com três repetições. Os caracteres mensurados foram comprimento da panícula, massa da panícula, número de espiguetas, número de grãos, massa de grãos e rendimento de grãos. Para cada ano, grupo de dados e cenário foram calculados os coeficientes de correlação entre as variáveis explicativas e a produtividade de grãos. O diagnóstico de multicolinearidade indicou a violação do pressuposto estatístico, sendo necessário proceder a análise de trilha sob multicolinearidade (em crista). A remoção dos parâmetros do modelo matemático promoveu alterações nas relações lineares entre os caracteres de rendimento da aveia, sendo verificado a manutenção no padrão dos coeficientes de correlação linear em 3,30% e 20% das situações, para os cenários com e sem aplicação de fungicida, respectivamente. Com relação aos coeficientes de trilha, foi verificado manutenção na direção e magnitude dos efeitos diretos em 3,30% e 30% e os efeitos indiretos em 7,33% e 24,67% das situações, para os cenários com e sem aplicação de fungicida, respectivamente. RESUMO fungicida. fungicida . isso Brasil cultivo acaso 2 4 fungicidas repetições panícula espiguetas ano estatístico crista. crista crista) 330 3 30 3,30 20 situações respectivamente 733 7 33 7,33 2467 24 67 24,67 3,3 73 7,3 246 6 24,6 3, 7, 24,

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the implications of removing the parameters from the mathematical model on the results of path analysis, with oats grown in different years and agricultural scenarios (with and without fungicide). For this, two field trials were conducted in southern Brazil, in five years of growth. The experimental design used in trial I (with fungicide application) was randomized complete blocks (RCB), in a 22 × 4 bifactorial arrangement, characterized by twenty-two oat cultivars and four fungicide applications. For trial II (without fungicide application) the RCB design was used, and the treatments were characterized by twenty-two oat cultivars, with three replications. The traits measured were panicle length, panicle mass, number of spikelets, number of grains, grain mass, and grain yield. For each year, data group, and scenario, the correlation coefficients between the explanatory variables and grain yield were calculated. The diagnosis of multicollinearity indicated violation of the statistical assumption, so it was necessary to proceed with a path analysis under multicollinearity (ridge). The removal of parameters from the mathematical model caused changes in the linear relationships between the oat yield traits, with the maintenance of the linear correlation coefficients in 3.30% and 20% of the situations, for the scenarios with and without fungicide application, respectively. Regarding the path coefficients, it was observed that the direct effects were maintained in 3.30% and 30% and indirect effects in 7.33% and 24.67% of the situations, for the scenarios with and without fungicide application, respectively. ABSTRACT fungicide. . fungicide) this Brazil growth application RCB, , (RCB) 2 arrangement twentytwo twenty applications replications length mass spikelets grains year group scenario calculated assumption ridge. ridge (ridge) 330 3 30 3.30 20 situations respectively 733 7 33 7.33 2467 24 67 24.67 (RCB (ridge 3.3 73 7.3 246 6 24.6 3. 7. 24.

RESUMO Pisum sativum L. é uma cultura multiuso, cuja duração de seu período vegetativo e reprodutivo é determinada pela combinação de temperatura, umidade e resposta do genótipo a essas condições. Diante do exposto, visando minimizar as perdas de produtividade por condições adversas em períodos sensíveis da cultura, o objetivo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento fenológico e a produção de Pisum sativum L. em diferentes épocas de cultivo. Utilizou-se o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com cinco estações de cultivo, quatro repetições e oito plantas por unidade experimental. As variáveis analisadas foram: plastocrono, número de dias para início da floração, plena floração e início da colheita, soma térmica acumulada para início da floração, plena floração e início da colheita, número de vagens, massa de vagens e produtividade total por unidade de área. A análise de variância foi realizada e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott. Também foi realizada a análise de componentes principais da matriz de correlação de Pearson’s das variáveis fenológicas e de produção. Nas estações 1, 4 e 5, as plantas atingiram a plena floração mais cedo e a massa de vagens foi consideravelmente menor, resultando em menores rendimentos. As estações 2 e 3 foram as mais produtivas e apresentaram menores resultados para o plastocrono, menor soma térmica até a plena floração e fotoperíodo mais curto, o que aliado às baixas temperaturas durante o ciclo vegetativo, resultou em um ciclo de cultivo mais longo. L multiuso temperatura exposto Utilizouse Utilizou se casualizados experimental plastocrono colheita área Knott Pearsons Pearson s 1 5 rendimentos curto longo

ABSTRACT Pisum sativum L. is a multi-purpose crop. The duration of its vegetative and reproductive periods is determined by a combination of temperature and humidity and genotype response to these conditions. To minimize the loss of productivity due to adverse conditions in sensitive periods of the crop, we evaluated the phenological development and production of Pisum sativum L. in different growing seasons. We used a randomized block design, and the experiments were conducted across five growing seasons, with four replications and eight plants per experimental unit. The variables analyzed were as follows: plastochron, number of days to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, the accumulated thermal sum to start flowering, full flowering, and beginning of harvest, and the number of pods, pod mass, and total productivity per unit area. The analysis of variance was performed, and the mean values of the data were compared using the Scott-Knott test. Principal component analysis was also performed from Pearson’s correlation matrix of phenological and production variables. In seasons 1, 4, and 5, the plants reached full flowering earlier, and the pod mass was considerably lower, resulting in lower yields. Seasons 2 and 3 were the most productive and showed lower results for plastochron, less thermal sum until full flowering, and a shorter photoperiod, which, combined with low temperatures during the growing season, resulted in a longer cultivation cycle. L multipurpose multi purpose crop design follows plastochron harvest pods area ScottKnott Scott Knott test Pearsons Pearson s 1 4 5 earlier yields photoperiod which season cycle

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate, using logistic model, the differences in early production, production rate and total productivity of two strawberry cultivars with transplants from different origins grown in substrate. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design (RBD), with two strawberry cultivars (Albion and Camarosa) and two origins of transplants (National and Imported), with four repetitions consisting of eight plants. For the variable fruit mass, the logistic model was adjusted as a function of the accumulated thermal sum, and from the partial derivatives of the adjusted function, the critical points of the model were estimated. The use of the Logistic model allows evaluating precocity and rate of fruit production efficiently and accurately. The cultivar Camarosa was the most productive compared to the Albion cultivar, presenting a shorter production cycle, with a high production peak. The Albion cultivar was earlier, presenting more constant production during the evaluated production cycle. The transplant's origin did not show significantly different results for the cultivars evaluated. The producer must choose the cultivar that will be used based on its performance and also based on consumer preferences and fruit demand.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as relações entre os caracteres biométricos de mudas de tomate com os caracteres de produção obtidos ao final do ciclo da cultura, para determinar como a qualidade das mudas interfere na produtividade do tomate. O experimento foi conduzido em duas épocas de cultivo, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e a unidade experimental composta por cinco plantas. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por mudas com diferentes idades, diferenciadas pelos dias após a semeadura (DAS): (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 DAS). Após cada avaliação das mudas, eram transplantadas para o local de produção definitivo, sendo avaliadas até o final do ciclo. Avaliaram-se os caracteres biométricos das mudas e os caracteres da produção de frutos. Análise de correlação de Pearson e componentes principais (PCA) foram realizados para determinar as relações entre os caracteres, análise de trilha para determinar os efeitos diretos e indiretos e análise de correlações canônicas entre os grupos de caracteres. Em todas as análises realizadas, foi identificada correlação fraca entre os caracteres biométricos das mudas (que avaliam a qualidade) com os caracteres da produção de frutos de tomate em cultivo em substrato.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the relationships between the biometric characters of tomato seedlings with the production characters obtained at the end of the crop cycle, to determine how the quality of seedlings interferes with tomato productivity. An experiment was carried out in two growing seasons, in a completely randomized design, with four replications and the experimental unit consisting of five plants. The treatments consisted of seedlings with different ages, differentiated by the days after sowing (DAS): (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 DAS). After each evaluation of the seedlings, they were transplanted to the definitive production site, being evaluated until the end of the cycle. Biometric characters of seedlings and characters of fruit production were evaluated. Pearson correlation analysis and principal components (PCA) were performed to determine the relationships between the characters, path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effects, and analysis of canonical correlations between the groups of characters. In all analyses performed, weak correlation between the biometric characters of the seedlings (which evaluate the quality) with the characters of tomato fruit production in substrate cultivation was identified.

ABSTRACT The cultivation of onion Allium cepa L. is of extreme economic importance globally, and, because of this, research must be constantly updated in order to increase productivity. This study was designed to estimate the optimal plot size, sample size and number of repetitions for experiments evaluating variables in the onion crop. Uniformity tests were carried in the years 2016 and 2017 in the experimental area of the Crop Science Department at Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria (RS), Brazil. Each plant was considered a basic experimental unit. Bulb mass, bulb height, and bulb diameter were measured for each basic experimental unit. The optimal plot size, sample size, and number of repetitions were estimated by the method of maximum curvature of the variation coefficient. For onion culture, the optimal plot size to evaluate the bulb mass, bulb height and bulb diameter is eight, six and six, respectively. The optimal sample size for evaluating the bulb mass of the onion crop is six plants, while for the height and diameter variables the optimal sample size is four plants in the direction of the row considering a semi-amplitude of the confidence interval (D%) equal to 20% of the average. Bulb mass variables require 10 repetitions to assess up to 20 treatments in a randomized block design for the least significant difference of the Tukey’s test, expressed as a percentage of the average of 35%. Bulb height and bulb diameter require just six repetitions for the same assessment.