Abstract Introduction: The use of zygomatic implants is now a predictable and consolidated therapeutic alternative in the rehabilitation of patients with atrophic maxilla. However, like any surgical technique, it has a few complications that should not be ignored. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyse the frequency and causes of maxillary sinusitis caused by treatment with zygomatic implants. Material and method: A systematic review was performed using different databases, searching the prevalence and causes of maxillary sinusitis due to treatment with zygomatic implants. Results: Most studies cite sinusitis as one of the most common post-operative complications, finding 4.93 cases per 100 zygomatic implants placed. Discussion: The fact that sinusitis is related to the intra-sinusal technique has led to the development of techniques in order to avoid it, such as the extra-sinusal approach of implants or the use of combined surgical techniques such as simultaneous sinus lift with implant placement or coverage with buccal fat pad. Conclusion: Despite being the most common complication, the prevalence is quite low; a fact that confirms the success of treatment with zygomatic implants.

Resumen Introducción: La utilización de implantes cigomáticos es actualmente una alternativa terapéutica predecible y consolidada en la rehabilitación de pacientes con maxilares atróficos. Sin embargo, como toda técnica quirúrgica, presenta una serie de complicaciones que no deben obviarse. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la frecuencia y las causas de sinusitis maxilar producida por el tratamiento con implantes cigomáticos. Material y método: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos analizando la prevalencia y las causas de la sinusitis maxilar tras el tratamiento con implantes cigomáticos. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudios citan la sinusitis como la complicación postoperatoria que aparece con mayor frecuencia, con una frecuencia de 4,93 por cada 100 implantes colocados. Discusión: El hecho de que la sinusitis se relacione con la técnica intrasinusal ha supuesto el desarrollo de técnicas con el fin de evitarla, tales como la colocación extrasinusal de los implantes o la utilización de técnicas quirúrgicas combinadas como la elevación de seno simultánea a la colocación del implante o la cobertura con la bola adiposa de Bichat. Conclusiones: A pesar de ser la complicación más frecuente, la prevalencia es bastante baja, hecho que corrobora el éxito del tratamiento con implantes cigomáticos.

Objective The global burden of diabetes mellitus will impact strongly American countries in the coming decades. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease and the basis for its genetic susceptibility remains not fully understood. Different population studies have demonstrated that variants of the TCF7L2 gene are strongly associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Moreover, institutions or countries with limited budget to conduct genetic research need cost effective methods for detecting DNA variants. Subjects and methods We standardized a rapid and simple allele-specific PCR method for genotyping the rs12255372 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a pilot study exploring the association of three TCF7L2 polymorphisms (rs7903146, rs12255372 and DG10S478) with T2DM in 70 patients and 73 controls from Venezuela. Results The performance of the designed allele-specific PCR reaction for rs12255372 genotyping was reliable and accurate. Patients carrying the TCF7L2 rs7903146 T allele (CT + TT genotypes) and heterozygous CT genotype had a significantly higher risk for T2DM (OR = 2.9 and 2.3, respectively). Although rs12255372 and DG10S478 risk alleles predominated in T2DM group no statistical significance was found. Conclusions We developed a novel allele-specific PCR method for easier and rapid detection of rs12255372 polymorphism without the use of expensive instrumentation and reagents. Our study in a relatively small sample of the Venezuelan population replicated the association of the rs7903146 SNP with T2DM. Further studies with larger sample size and more biochemical data should be conducted to explore the genetic basis of T2DM susceptibility in Venezuela.