Abstract A new species of Asplenium L. (Aspleniaceae) is described and illustrated. Asplenium sylvaticum is endemic of the Yungas and Paraná biogeographic provinces in the Southern Cone. The main diagnostic characters for this taxon are: apical pinnae with one to four caudate lobes at the base, similar in size to lateral pinnae, smooth pinnate blades with 18-36 pairs of caudate pinnae and spores with reticulate perispore, winged folds with scarce equinulaes on the margins and the laesurae wide with smooth margin. The new species belongs to the A. serra species complex group, characterised by xeromorphic habit, creeping rhizome and coriaceous fronds with branched scales on both surfaces, and resembles the other species inhabiting in Argentina, A. achalense and A. serra, in overall leaf architecture and shape but differs of the aforementioned species (and the other species of the A. serra complex) by the unique combination of characters of its rhizomatic scales, fronds and spores. A key with the morphological and palynological characters that differentiate A. sylvaticum from the other taxa belonging to the A. serra complex in the South American Cone and Bolivia is given. L Aspleniaceae (Aspleniaceae illustrated are base 1836 18 36 18-3 perispore margin group habit surfaces Argentina given 183 1 3 18-

Abstract The recovery of soil spores is a strategy to strengthen in decline or disappeared populations from natural environments. In this work, we analyzed 25 soil samples extracted from a patch of gallery forest in an “albardón” of Punta Lara Reserve, Buenos Aires. The samples were distributed in 50 Petri dishes, 25 exposed to controlled temperature and light and another 25 kept in darkness. To contribute to the identification of gametophytes and sporophytes, spores of the local species were cultured in vitro. In 18 months of trial, the appearance of gametophytes and sporophytes was observed, in a greater proportion those belonging to a dominant species in the community: Doryopteris concolor. Numerous gametophytes and sporophytes from Gastoniella chaerophylla were also obtained, a taxon not found in the “albardón” for two years. The germination index (GI) was estimated and the morphological characteristics of the gametophytes and sporophytes were recorded. This is the first contribution to the knowledge of the spore banks in Argentina, in a protected area where several threats put at risk the survival of native species. The bases to implement methods of ex situ and in situ conservation of native ferns are provided.

Resumen La recuperación de esporas del suelo es una estrategia para reforzar poblaciones en disminución o desaparecidas de los ambientes naturales. En este trabajo se analizaron 25 muestras de tierra extraídas de un parche de selva en galería en un albardón de la Reserva Punta Lara, Buenos Aires. Las muestras fueron distribuidas en 50 cápsulas de Petri, 25 expuestas a temperatura y luz controladas y otras 25 mantenidas en oscuridad. Para contribuir a la identificación de los gametofitos y esporofitos se cultivaron in vitro esporas de las especies del lugar. En 18 meses de ensayo se observó la aparición de gametofitos y esporofitos, en mayor proporción los pertenecientes a una especie dominante en la comunidad: Doryopteris concolor. Se obtuvieron además numerosos gametofitos y esporofitos de Gastoniella chaerophylla, un taxón no encontrado en el albardón desde hace dos años. Se estimó el índice de germinación (IG) y se registraron las características morfológicas de los gametofitos y esporofitos. Esta es la primera contribución al conocimiento de los bancos de esporas en Argentina, en un área protegida donde diversas amenazas ponen en riesgo la supervivencia de especies nativas. Se brindan las bases para implementar métodos de conservación ex situ e in situ de los helechos nativos.