Abstract Hops ( Humulus lupulus L.) is of notorious importance in the brewing industry, providing bitterness, aroma and acting as a preservative. Besides beer, innovative technologies are being developed on hop extracts, and this review aims to highlight their potential applications in the food, veterinary, and pharmaceutical industries . The emphasized topics include extraction methodologies, bioactive compounds, and motivations for use . Publications from the last 10 years that have claiming promising results, of extracts with verified composition or elucidated extraction methodology, in the development of new products such as: functional foods, food preservative, microbiota control in livestock, drug active ingredient or technological adjuvant were selected. This review collected relevant articles and subjected them to bibliometric mapping of the most common terms found in the title or abstract, in order to understand how the themes evolved in the time series and what the most recent trends are. Most of the claimed applications are related to antimicrobial potential, followed by other pharmacological applications. L. L industry bitterness preservative beer veterinary methodologies compounds 1 results methodology foods livestock selected abstract

Abstract The objective of this work was to produce dark chocolates with the addition of coffee husk flour (CHF) and to evaluate the generated effects on their physical, physicochemical, microbiological, textural, and rheological characteristics. Husks of the Pacamara coffee (Coffea arabica) variety, produced under organic management, were used. The samples were previously dried, ground, and sieved at 0.250 mm. Five chocolate formulations were previously standardized at 55% content of cocoa solids (mass and cocoa butter) and at 0.4% soy lecithin. The addition of CHF was tested at the concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10%, using a completely randomized design and three replicates. The addition of CHF up to 10% alters the physicochemical, textural, and rheological properties of the chocolate formulations, but without compromising their composition and quality. The tested formulations only differed regarding hardness and cohesiveness, evaluated in the texture profile. The hardness of the chocolate formulations increases as CHF is added. (CHF physical physicochemical microbiological textural characteristics Coffea arabica variety management used dried ground 0250 0 250 0.25 mm 55 mass butter 04 4 0.4 lecithin 25 2 5 2.5 50 5.0 75 7 7.5 10 replicates quality cohesiveness profile added 025 0.2 0. 2. 5. 7. 1 02

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir chocolates amargos com adição de farinha de casca de café (CHF) e avaliar os efeitos gerados nas suas características físicas, físico-químicas, microbiológicas, de textura e reológicas. Foram utilizadas cascas da variedade de café (Coffea arabica) Pacamara, produzida com manejo orgânico. As amostras foram previamente secas, moídas e peneiradas a 0,250 mm. Cinco formulações de chocolates foram previamente padronizadas em 55% de teor de sólidos de cacau (massa e manteiga de cacau) e em 0,4% de lecitina de soja. A adição de CHF foi testada nas concentrações de 0, 2,5, 5,0, 7,5 e 10%, tendo-se utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado e três repetições. A adição de CHF até 10% altera as propriedades físico-químicas, de textura e reológicas das formulações de chocolate, mas sem comprometer sua composição e sua qualidade. As formulações testadas diferiram apenas quanto à dureza e à coesividade, avaliadas no perfil de textura. A dureza das formulações de chocolate aumenta à medida que a CHF é adicionada. (CHF físicas físicoquímicas, físicoquímicas físico químicas, químicas físico-químicas microbiológicas Coffea arabica Pacamara orgânico secas 0250 0 250 0,25 mm 55 massa 04 4 0,4 soja 25 2 5 2,5 50 5,0 75 7 7, 10 tendose tendo se repetições qualidade coesividade adicionada 025 0,2 2, 5, 1 02

Abstract In this study we demonstrated the inactivation of E. coli, C. difficile, meshophilic bacteria and Salmonella spp. through Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) technology. First, a simulation using Finite Element Method Magnetics Mathematical Modeling was used to obtain the electric field values to be used in the electro-pasteurization tunnel. Then, practical tests were carried out by using an industrial scale apparatus set with the following parameters: pulse 20 s – 40 s, 40, 80 and 450 kV, radio frequency of 350 kHz and treadmill speed at 10 m/min. The results from practical tests shows a complete elimination of all microrganisms, thus proving that PEF technology significantly contributes to food safety and can be used on an industrial scale.

Abstract In response to consumer’s claims, the aim of this study was the addition of lyophilized pequi mesocarp (pulp) in dark chocolate formulation to improve nutritional value. The lyophilized pequi mesocarp was analyzed and granulometry, centesimal composition, carotenoids, and scanning electron microscopy were verified. Lyophilized mesocarp was added (1.5%) (F2) to the dark chocolate (F1) formulation, and particle size, temper index, physicochemical parameters, rheology, thermal analysis, total antioxidant capacity by iron reduction method, and total phenolics were determined. The addition of 1.5% of pequi lyophilized mesocarp caused no significant increase (p < 0.05) in the particle size of the formulated chocolate mass, without increasing its viscosity and the initial tension. For the formulated chocolate’s tempering curve relative to the control there was an increase in the initial temper temperature and a decrease in the total process time. Infrared showed the presence of fatty acids in the pequi pulp, with 47% fat content and energy value of 519.71 kcal.100 g-1. Pequi pulp oil content was added (0.7%) to the formulated chocolate by adding the oil properties as high contents of oleic, palmitic and linoleic acids. The energy value of F1 and F2 formulations were 557.5 and 559.73 kcal.100 g-1, respectively. The thermal analyzes of the control and added chocolates showed that both withstood until 50 °C, not having interference of pequi pulp in the chocolate. The analysis of total phenolics showed an increase in the concentration of these compounds in the chocolate formulation added with lyophilized pequi mesocarp (813.49 µg GAE.mL-1) compared to the dark chocolate control formulation (235.98 µg GAE.mL-1). The use of lyophilized pequi pulp as an alternative for the enrichment of nutritional properties in dark chocolate was confirmed in this work. The products obtained have desirable nutritional quality and physical properties, being suitable for industrial production.

Abstract Understanding the behavior of fluids is important in industrial processes of the most varied types. Changes in the composition of the brewing wort can have an impact on the phenomenon of transport of matter, important in the manufacturing as well as in the sensory perception of palatability and dietary characteristics. Changes in viscosity are also of interest to the industry, as this parameter plays an important role in the filtration theory. The present study intended to analize the impact of different brewing inputs on rheological parameters, using the same beer formulation as the basis, the variations being compared to the control. The adjuncts tested were rye, unmalted barley, and sorghum. The analizes were performed in an oscillatory and rotational rheometer, obtaining measurements from three moments of the beer production process. The main results are the differences in the flow curve profiles, showing greater pseudoplasticity when using rye, and that the formation of gel at high shear rates can be a frequent cause of problems in the brewery. This work can contribute to the creation of a methodology that allows maximizing the contents of dietary fibers without compromising the smooth running of the production process.

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to determine the composition and fatty acids profile of pequi (Caryocar villosum (Alb.) Pers.) oil, as well as its functionality in cardiovascular health, thermogravimetric-differential, calorimetric and spectroscopic behavior. The methodology used followed the standards established by the American Oil Chemists Society (AOCS). The results show oil with high nutritional value with predominance of unsaturated fatty acids (70%), especially oleic acid (52.67%) and linoleic acid (15.20%). The oil functionality indexes were expressed as cardiovascular protectors with low atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes (0.38 and 0.75) with a high hypocholesterolemic ratio (2.58). The oil pattern in the spectral bands 2980 to 2870cm-1 confirmed the predominance of unsaturated fatty acids with prominent peaks corresponding to double bonded chemical groups bands. The oil behavior under progressive temperature rises in an air atmosphere, supports the potential applications of this fruit by-product, that exhibits high thermal and oxidative stability with reduced mass loss at temperatures (267 °C and 376 °C) above those habitually used in food and industrial uses. These data show that unconventional fruits can increase and diversify the number of ingredients that can be used in food preparations and in the food, pharmaceutical, dermocosmetic, biofuel and other industries.

Abstract Isotonic repositories are specially designed to promote rehydration during or after physical exercise. These beverages are processed for commercialization from synthetic flavorings and dyes with sensorial characteristics similar to those of fruits, in order to attenuate their natural acidity. The aim of the present study was to develop two formulations of isotonic drinks without synthetic dyes and with functional attributes based on concentrated hydroethanolic extracts of peel and pulp of Myrciaria jaboticaba. Determination of chemical (sodium, potassium and calcium, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, total flavonoids, total condensed tannins), physical (objective color analysis), and physical-chemical characteristics (pH, acidity, total soluble solids), as well as sensory evaluation through preference testing was carried out. In addition, the drinks presented dark red coloration, according to the chromaticity diagram. The sensory evaluation results revealed that the beverage formulated with 12% pulp extract stood out as the preferred beverage among the judges.

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality parameters and the chromatographic, thermogravimetric, and spectroscopic profile of Patauá oil (Oenocarpus bataua). All analyses were performed according to the Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society (AOCS). The parameters obtained indicate conservation quality standards in accordance with Brazilian legislation. The fatty acid profile shows a predominance of ω-9, ω-6, and ω-3 fatty acids. The thermogravimetric behavior and differential analysis indicated good stability upon gradual temperature increase and the presence of endothermic and exothermic peaks characteristic of thermal and oxidative decomposition at high temperatures only. The spectroscopic profile evidenced long-chain unsaturated fatty acids confirming the fatty acid profile results. It was found that, in general, the Patauá oil has good nutritional and functional quality and high thermal and oxidative stability; therefore it can be considered as a raw material with potential applications in various industries.

Abstract Cupuassu is a fruitful species from the Amazon basin with great economical potential, due to the multiple uses of its pulp and seeds in the food and cosmetic industries. This fruit generates large amounts of solid waste, which, despite of its high content of bioactive compounds, is discarded in the environment. Therefore, with the aim of reusing these wastes and adding economic value, we investigated the nutritional potential of the seed by-product resulting from industrial cupuassu oil extraction. The by-product was submitted to green extraction, and its contents of bioactive compounds were quantified by HPLC. The extract had a total polyphenol content (16.9 ± 1.8 mg/gDM) and an antioxidant activity, ABTS + (151.0 ± 5.5 mg/100 g) and DPPH. (85.4 ± 1.7 mmol/L). HPLC analysis of the extract identified epicatechin and glycosylated quercetin as the major flavonoids. This by-product shows great potential for being used as a source of the ingredients of high nutritional value, especially dietary fiber and polyphenols.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of aqueous extraction to obtain bioactive phytochemicals from grains and residual husk of organic Arabic coffee, as well as to develop a beverage with high antioxidant capacity and assess its sensorial acceptability. Aqueous extracts were obtained from dried and crushed coffee beans and husk. Various extraction methods were used to select the one capable of extracting the most amount of total phenolic constituents. The decoction without mechanical agitation was highlighted as the best method, from which the chemical characterization, antioxidant capacity and the presence of antinutrients were investigated. Three beverage formulations were prepared with coffee husk extract and added in different proportions to concentrated pineapple juice. The beverages were analyzed for antioxidant capacity, microbiological properties and sensorial acceptance. No hemagglutinins and low oxalate content were found in the samples. The antioxidant capacity of the aqueous husk extract was higher than that of the grains. The beverage made with the addition of concentrated pineapple juice was sensorially preferred by the tasters. In addition, it contributed to raise the antioxidant capacity of the beverage. It was concluded that the aqueous extract of coffee husk appears as a new alternative for the beverage industry.

Abstract Lipid oxidation in meats is a process whereby polyunsaturated fatty acid react with reactive oxygen species leading to a series of secondary reactions which in turn lead to degradation of lipids and development of oxidative rancidity. This process is one of the major factors responsible for the gradual reduction of sensory and nutritional quality of meats, thus affecting consumer acceptance. Therefore, the control and minimization of lipid oxidation in meat and meat products is of great interest to the food industry. In view of this, some technologies have been developed, such as vacuum packaging, modified atmosphere, and use of antioxidants. The aim is understanding the lipid oxidation mechanisms responsible for sensory and nutritional quality reduction in meat and meat products and identify the most effective methods to control this process. Lipid oxidation in meat can be controlled using different strategies, such as animal dietary supplements, addition of antioxidants, processing, and the use of special packaging. Better results can be obtained by using synergistic strategies and focusing attention on food safety and to prevent negative effects to other sensory properties.

Abstract The effect of the food hydrocolloids Guar gum, Locust bean gum (LBG) and Gelatin, as well as their mixtures (even carrageenan was used in all formulations – 0.035%), was studied on the rheological characteristics of ice cream formulations. A frequency sweep test, at low temperature (-8 °C), was performed to evaluate the elastic (G’) and viscous (G”) modulus. The ice cream produced using Gelatin and blend of Gelatin and LBG (0.09 and 0.18%) presented higher values of G’, which is an indicative of the presence of ice crystals and greater rigidity. The thermo-oscillatory rheometry was used to correlate the rheological properties and the characteristic of the ice creams (creaminess, sensory, melting). A temperature sweep test, from -10 to 5 °C was performed to evaluate changes in the structures of the products and their relationship with the sensory properties. For all formulations tested, it was observed, from -10 °C to -1 °C, a large decline in the elastic and viscous modulus due to the loss of interactions between the ice crystals, associated with their melting. After melting, the parameter G”, indicative of the creaminess of ice cream during consumption, showed a slight advantage to the ice creams produced with Guar gum alone and its blend with LBG.

Abstract Consumption of functional food has been growing recently, and products with healthier ingredients can influence the purchasing decisions. Studies have been shown that the development of chocolates with addition of functional ingredients can improve its nutritional properties. Considering it, the present study demonstrated that the addition of lyophilized kale and grape can modify physical, nutritional and physicochemical characteristics of the chocolates. The enriched milk chocolates showed higher values of dietary fibers and mineral content, which improved nutritional quality of the product when compared to plain milk chocolates. The results of the HPLC-DAD suggested the transference of phenolic compounds of kale and grape to the final enriched chocolates. The sensorial analysis indicated that differences among the formulated chocolates were indeed perceived and were well accepted. Thus, the addition of kale and grape in chocolates may be an alternative to improve the nutritional characteristics and the polyphenolic compound content in these chocolates.

Abstract These researches aimed determine the quality parameters, the nutritional profile, and the thermogravimetric and oxidative behavior of Muruci (Byrsonima crassifolia L .) oil obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction. The results showed an average oil yield of 5.50%. The acidity and peroxide values show good quality and conservation standards, according to the Brazilian legislation. The fatty acid profile indicates a predominance of unsaturated fatty acids with levels above 60%, highlighting the presence of fatty acids omega-6 and omega-9. The thermogravimetric curves showed oil stability at temperatures around 200 °C and exothermic peaks characteristic of mass loss close to 250 °C. The data of oxidative induction time determined by the Rancimat method showed thermal oxidative stability of 20.85 h for the oil obtained. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic profile evidenced chemical compounds with predominantly unsaturated structures, confirming its fatty acid profile. Based on the results of the oil analysis, it is possible to recognize the potential of this species in terms of nutritional, functional, and thermo-oxidative stability aspects.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the chemical composition, morphology, and the thermogravimetric behavior of the pulp of Terminalia catappa, also known as tropical almond. The analytical results show, based mainly on its lipid content, that this fruit has a considerable energy value. Its fiber content contributes to enhance the functional properties of the fruit. Morphological characteristics show a spongy-like structure with dispersion of starch granules and high concentration of fiber bundles, confirming the results of the chemical composition analysis. The thermogravimetric behavior exhibited by this fruit pulp when submitted to progressive temperature increase under dynamic air atmosphere shows that this raw material has great potential for industrial use due to its high absorption rate of water soluble and/or lipid-based compounds, allowing its use as a dietary complement or supplement ingredient in food products.