PURPOSE: This study investigates the effects of social influencer characteristics (i.e., opinion leadership and parasocial interaction) on forming follower brand trust and identification DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This study included 286 Korean consumers (144 males and 142 females) with social media experience. We tested the hypotheses using structural equation modelling, multiple regression, bootstrapping and multigroup model analysis within the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector, with a particular focus on an orange juice brand. FINDINGS/RESULTS: Opinion leadership and parasocial interaction (i.e., the one-sided, quasi-social relationship between individuals and social influencers through media consumption) were positively related to follower brand trust and brand identification, and brand trust had a positive relationship with brand identification. The mediating effect of brand trust in the positive relationships between social influencer characteristics and brand identification was significant. We also found that opinion leadership was positively related to brand identification in the male group, while parasocial interaction had a positive relationship to brand identification in the female group. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Organisations need to be aware that opinion leadership and parasocial interaction are vital for understanding the effectiveness of social influencer marketing. In addition, they need to take a close look at social influencer characteristics as they affect brand performance by target group. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Our results suggest that brand trust is essential in explaining how social influencer characteristics relate to brand identification. This study is the first to analyse gender-based variations in brand identification formed by opinion leadership and parasocial interaction highlighting the roles of social influencer characteristics in marketing.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding lupin kernel and faba bean as an alternative to soybean meal on the growth performance, blood profiles, relative organ weight, and hepatic fatty acid composition of broiler chicks. A total of 525, 1-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were randomly assigned into five groups with seven replicates. The treatments consisted of five experimental diets; corn-soybean meal without lupin or faba bean (as control), diets with lupin 5% or 10%, and diets with faba bean 5% or 10%. The body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) were not significantly different among the groups during starter period. However, BW and ADG of chicks fed diets with 10% lupin and faba bean were significantly higher than those of 5% lupin and faba bean during grower period (p<0.01). The feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in the group fed diets with 10% lupin and faba bean than the control during total rearing periods (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in blood profiles among the groups. As for the hepatic fatty acid composition, the levels of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and total ω6 in chicks fed lupin and faba bean were significantly higher than the control. It was suggested that dietary lupin and faba bean could enhance the incorporation of the beneficial fatty acids into liver fraction. In conclusion, supplementation of lupin and faba bean up to 10% can be used as an alternative to soybean meal in broiler diets.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To identify an optimal self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) and verify whether a mechanically superior SEMS would result in better clinical outcomes in the treatment of tracheal collapse. Methods: We selected three SEMS (n = 8 each), including an S-type stent with a wire diameter of 0.006 inches (S6) and two D-type stents with wire diameters of 0.006 (D6) and 0.007 inches (D7). Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were divided into three equal groups. After the stents were deployed, the clinical signs were recorded daily, and radiographic examinations were performed monthly. All rabbits were euthanized after three months. Results: Two rabbits with S6 stents and one rabbit with a D7 stent died within three months because of stent migration or pneumonia. All rabbits with D6 stents survived for three months. On histological examination, the D6 group had the lowest inflammation score. Conclusions: Both clinically and histopathologically, the results with D-type stents with a wire diameter of 0.006 inches were superior to those of the other groups (p = 0.001). The use of an optimal intraluminal stent may improve the long-term clinical outcomes in the treatment of tracheal collapse in dogs.

Abstract RGX-365 is the main fraction of black ginseng conmprising protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type rare ginsenosides (ginsenosides Rg4, Rg6, Rh4, Rh1, and Rg2). No studies on the antiseptic activity of RGX-365 have been reported. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is recognized as a late mediator of sepsis, and the inhibition of HMGB1 release and recovery of vascular barrier integrity have emerged as attractive therapeutic strategies for the management of sepsis. In this study, we examined the effects of RGX-365 on HMGB1-mediated septic responses and survival rate in a mouse sepsis model. RGX-365 was administered to the mice after HMGB1 challenge. The antiseptic activity of RGX-365 was assessed based on the production of HMGB1, measurement of permeability, and septic mouse mortality using a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse model and HMGB1-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We found that RGX-365 significantly reduced HMGB1 release from LPS- activated HUVECs and CLP-induced release of HMGB1 in mice. RGX-365 also restored HMGB1-mediated vascular disruption and inhibited hyperpermeability in the mice. In addition, treatment with RGX-365 reduced sepsis-related mortality in vivo. Our results suggest that RGX- 365 reduces HMGB1 release and septic mortality in vivo, indicating that it is useful in the treatment of sepsis.

Resumo Introdução: Diversas técnicas cirúrgicas têm sido usadas na tonsilectomia no intuito de reduzir complicações. Objetivos: Avaliar os efeitos da sutura dos pilares na tonsilectomia em comparação à tonsilectomia isolada em crianças. Método: Dois autores pesquisaram independentemente cinco bancos de dados (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science e Cochrane) em busca de estudos publicados até dezembro de 2018. Dos estudos incluídos, comparamos a tonsilectomia com sutura dos pilares (grupos com sutura) versus tonsilectomia isolada (grupo controle). A intensidade da dor no pós-operatório e outras morbidades (por exemplo, sangramento no pós-operatório, hematoma palatal, desconforto e edema dos pilares) foram medidas durante o período pós-operatório. Resultados: O sangramento pós-operatório [primário (OR = 0,47 [0,27; 0,81]) e secundário (OR = 0,14 [0,02; 0,78]) diminuiu significantemente no grupo com sutura dos pilares em comparação ao grupo controle. Não houve diferenças significantes entre os dois grupos na dor pós-operatória no 7◦ dia (DMP =−0,39 [-0,79; 0,00]), hematoma palatal (OR = 5,00 [0,22; 112,88]), sensação de desconforto palatal (OR = 2,62 [0,60; 11,46]), infecção no sítio cirúrgico (OR = 5,27 [0,24; 113,35]) e insuficiência velofaríngea (OR = 2,82 [0,11; 74,51]). Por outro lado, o edema dos pilares (OR = 9,55 [4,29; 21,29]) aumentou significantemente no grupo com sutura em comparação ao grupo controle. Conclusões: A sutura dos pilares na tonsilectomia pediátrica pode reduzir a incidência de sangramento no pós-operatório, apesar do aumento do edema nos pilares. A dor no pós-operatório, o hematoma palatal, a sensação de desconforto palatal, a infecção no sítio cirúrgico e a insuficiência velofaríngea não foram significantemente alterados em comparação à tonsilectomia isolada. No entanto, mais estudos são necessários para corroborar os resultados desta pesquisa. © 2020 Associaçao˜ Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial.´ Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda.

Abstract Introduction: Several surgical techniques have been used during tonsillectomy to reduce complications. Objectives: To assess the effects of pillar suture in conjunction with tonsillectomy as compared to tonsillectomy without suture in children. Methods: Two authors independently searched five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) for studies published as recent as December 2018. Of the included studies, we compared tonsillectomy and pillar suture in combination (suture groups) with tonsillectomy alone,without suture, (control group). Postoperative pain intensity and other morbidities (e.g., postoperative bleeding, palatal hematoma, discomfort, and pillar edema) were measured during the postoperative period. Results: Postoperative bleeding [primary (OR = 0.47 [0.27; 0.81]) and secondary (OR = 0.14 [0.02; 0.78]) were significantly decreased in the pillar suture group compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in postoperative pain at day 7 (SMD = −0.39 [−0.79; 0.00]), palatal hematoma (OR = 5.00 [0.22; 112.88]), palatal discomfort sensation (OR = 2.62 [0.60; 11.46]), site infection (OR = 5.27 [0.24; 113.35]), and velopharyngeal insufficiency (OR = 2.82 [0.11; 74.51]). By contrast, pillar edema (OR = 9.55 [4.29; 21.29]) was significantly increased in the pillar suture group compared to the control group. Conclusions: Pillar suture combined with tonsillectomy may reduce postoperative bleeding incidence despite increasing pillar edema in pediatric tonsillectomy. Postoperative pain-relief, palatal hematoma, palatal discomfort sensation, site infection, and velopharyngeal insufficiency were not significantly altered compared to tonsillectomy alone. However, further studies are needed to corroborate the results of this study.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of pine needle extract (PNE) on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 during liver regeneration induced by 70% partial hepatectomy (PH) in rat. Methods Forty-eight male rats (SD, 7 weeks) had surgery (70% PH). They were randomly divided into two groups. PH + PNE group was only provided PNE diluted in water (10%) for drinking and PH group was provided water from 5 days before surgery to the time of sacrifice. PNE was made by pressing and filtering. Animals were sacrificed at 12h, 24h, 36h, 60h, 84h, 168h after PH, respectively. The expressions of PCNA and Ki-67 were determined as proliferation indices. Results Immunohistochemistry turned out to increase the expression of PCNA and Ki-67. PCNA expression of PH+PNE group increased up to twice of that of PH group. Western blot also seemed to increase the PCNA expression. These results indicated the promotion of cell proliferation in liver tissue and hepatic regeneration. Conclusions Pine needle extract stimulates the expression of some mitotic proteins during liver regeneration induced by 70% PH in rats. It suggests that administration of pine needle extract could accelerate the liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.

RESUMO A nicotina é uma substância perigosa, extraída das folhas de fumo. Quando absorvida em quantidade excessiva, ela pode levar à insuficiência respiratória e à parada cardíaca. A comercialização de cigarros eletrônicos (e-cigarros) permite que os usuários manuseiem diretamente o líquido, com consequente aumento do risco de exposição à nicotina líquida. Descrevemos nossa experiência no tratamento do caso de um paciente que ingeriu elevada concentração de nicotina líquida contida em líquido para e-cigarros. O paciente apresentava bradicardia e hipotensão, que são sintomas de estimulação parassimpática, além de comprometimento da consciência. O paciente teve recuperação após tratamento com atropina e vasopressor.

ABSTRACT Nicotine is a dangerous substance extracted from tobacco leaves. When nicotine is absorbed in excessive amounts, it can lead to respiratory failure and cardiac arrest. The commercialization of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has allowed users to directly handle e-cigarette liquid. Consequently, the risk of liquid nicotine exposure has increased. We describe our experience of managing the case of a patient who orally ingested a high concentration of liquid nicotine from e-cigarette liquid. The patient presented with bradycardia and hypotension, which are symptoms of parasympathetic stimulation, together with impaired consciousness. He recovered following treatment with atropine and a vasopressor.

Resumo Justificativa: Rocurônio provoca dor e reflexo de retirada durante a indução da anestesia. Neste estudo, avaliamos se palonosetron tem efeito analgésico para reduzir esse movimento induzido por rocurónio. Métodos: Cento e vinte pacientes foram randomicamente designados para um de três grupos para receber solução salina, lidocaína (20 mg) ou palonosetron (0.075 mg), com aplicação de torniquete dois minutos antes da administração intravenosa de tiopental sódico (5 mg.kg-1). Após a perda de consciência, rocurônio (0.6 mg.kg-1) foi injetado e o reflexo de retirada foi avaliado com o uso de uma escala de quatro pontos, de modo duplo-cego. Resultados: A incidência global do reflexo de retirada induzido por rocurônio foi de 50% para lidocaína (p = 0,038), 38% para palonosetron (p = 0,006), em comparação com 75% para solução salina. A incidência de dor ausente ou leve foi significativamente menor nos grupos lidocaína e palonosetron (85% e 92%, respectivamente) que no grupo solução salina (58%). Porém, não houve diferença significativa no reflexo de retirada entre os grupos lidocaína e palonosetron. Não houve movimento grave com palonosetron. Conclusão: O pré-tratamento com palonosetron com oclusão venosa pode atenuar o reflexo de retirada induzido por rocurônio de modo tão eficaz como o uso de lidocaína. Sugeriu-se que a ação periférica de palonosetron foi eficaz para reduzir o reflexo de retirada induzido por rocurônio.

Abstract Background: Rocuronium causes pain and withdrawal movement during induction of anesthesia. In this study, palonosetron was investigated to have analgesic effect on the reduction of rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement. Methods: 120 patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups to receive either saline, lidocaine 20 mg, or palonosetron 0.075 mg with a tourniquet applied two minutes before thiopental sodium (5 mg.kg-1) was given intravenously. After loss of consciousness, rocuronium (0.6 mg.kg-1) was injected and the withdrawal movement was estimated by 4-point scale in a double-blind manner. Results: The overall incidence of rocuronium withdrawal movement was 50% with lidocaine (p = 0.038), 38% with palonosetron (p = 0.006) compared with 75% for saline. The incidence of no pain to mild pain was significantly lower in the lidocaine and palonosetron groups (85% and 92% respectively) than in the saline group (58%). However, there was no significant difference in withdrawal movement between the lidocaine and palonosetron groups. There was no severe movement with palonosetron. Conclusion: Pretreatment of palonosetron with venous occlusion may attenuate rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement as effective as the use of lidocaine. It suggested that peripheral action of palonosetron was effective to reduce rocuronium-induced withdrawal movement.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Both sleep and suicide are important issues among adolescents. Despite the extensive literature explaining short sleep duration as an important suicide risk factor, most previous studies did not consider sleep quality. Objective: This study identified associations between sleep duration, sleep satisfaction, and suicidal ideation in adolescents. Method: This cross-sectional study analyzed 58 848 adolescents using raw data from the tenth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey conducted by Korea's Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Analyses incorporated sampling weights to account for the complex sampling design. Results: In multivariate analysis, suicidal ideation of participants sleeping less than four hours was 1.36 times higher than that of participants sleeping more than nine hours. Sleep satisfaction was 1.20 times higher when moderate, 1.38 times higher when dissatisfied, and 1.64 times higher when very dissatisfied than when very satisfied. Discussion and conclusion: It is necessary not only to improve sleep quality, but also to extend sleep duration in order to prevent adolescent suicide. If it is actually difficult to extend sleep duration due to school, a plan to increase subjective sleep satisfaction by improving sleep quality is required. This study showed the association between sleep duration and sleep satisfaction in adolescents. Therefore, in order to prevent adolescent suicide, it is necessary not only to extend their sleep duration, but also to improve their sleep quality.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Tanto el sueño como el suicidio son temas importantes que afectan a los adolescentes. Pese a la abundante literatura que describe una corta duración del sueño como un importante factor de riesgo de suicidio, muchas investigaciones anteriores no han considerado la calidad del sueño. Objetivo: Este estudio identificó algunas asociaciones entre la duración del sueño, la satisfacción del sueño y la ideación suicida en adolescentes. Método: Este estudio transversal analizó los casos de 58 848 adolescentes a partir de los datos brutos de la décima encuesta basada en la Página Web de Comportamiento Riesgoso de la Juventud Coreana realizada por el Centro Coreano para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades. Los análisis incluyeron pesos de muestreo para dar cuenta del complejo diseño de muestreo. Resultados: En el análisis multivariado, la ideación suicida de los participantes que dormían menos de cuatro horas fue 1.36 veces mayor que la de los participantes que dormían durante más de nueve horas. La satisfacción del sueño era 1.20 veces mayor en los casos moderados, 1.38 veces mayor en los insatisfechos y 1.64 veces mayor en los casos muy insatisfechos que en los muy satisfechos. Discusión y conclusión: Es necesario mejorar la calidad del sueño y alargar también su duración con el fin de prevenir el suicidio adolescente. Si es difícil extender la duración del sueño debido a los horarios escolares, se debe aplicar un plan para aumentar la satisfacción subjetiva del sueño mediante la mejora de la calidad del sueño. Este estudio demostró la asociación entre la duración y la satisfacción del sueño en los adolescentes. Por lo tanto, con el fin de prevenir el suicidio adolescente, es necesario alargar no sólo la duración del sueño, sino mejorar también su calidad.