ABSTRACT Equinus deformity of the ankle occurs as a consequence of multiple entities. Although the first line of treatment is conservative, surgical modalities are necessary in most pediatric patients. The latter are the most used for areas of the muscle-tendinous complex, especially fractional and Z-plasty-shaped lengthening. The aim of this work is to update and provide information on the different surgical procedures in the correction of equinus deformity of the ankle. In the search and analysis of the information, the following words were used: equinus deformity, equinovarus, equinovalgus; drop foot deformity and Achilles tendon Z-lengthening. Based on the information obtained, a bibliographic review of a total of 187 articles published in PubMed, Hinari, SciELO, EBSCO, Scopus, Medscape and Medline databases was carried out using the search manager and reference administrator EndNote. Of these, 30 were used, 28 of the last five years. Reference is made to the essential anatomy of the area, as well as to the Silfverskiöld test. In relation to imaging, the technique to calculate the distance of the tendon to be lengthened is described. Fractional lengthening surgical techniques are mentioned, by Z-plasty, anterior transposition of the Achilles tendon and hemiepiphysiodesis.

RESUMEN La deformidad en equino del tobillo ocurre como consecuencia de múltiples entidades. Aunque la primera línea de tratamiento es la conservadora, las modalidades quirúrgicas son necesarias en la mayoría de los enfermos pediátricos. Estas últimas son las más empleadas por zonas del complejo músculo-tendinoso, en especial los alargamientos fraccionados y en forma de Z-plastia. El objetivo de este trabajo es actualizar y brindar información sobre los distintos procedimientos quirúrgicos en la corrección de la deformidad en equino del tobillo. En la búsqueda y análisis de la información se emplearon las siguientes palabras: equinus deformity, equino varus, equino valgus; drop foot deformity y Achilles tendon Z-lengthening. A partir de la información obtenida, se realizó unala revisión bibliográfica de un total de 187 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO, EBSCO, Scopus, Medscape y Medline, mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote. De ellos se utilizaron 30, 28 de los últimos cinco años. Se hace referencia a la anatomía esencial de la zona, al igual que a la prueba de Silfverskiöld. Con relación a la imagenología, se describe la técnica para calcular la distancia del tendón a alargar. Se mencionan las técnicas quirúrgicas de alargamiento fraccionado, por Z-plastia, trasposición anterior del tendón de Aquiles y la hemiepifisiodesis.

Abstract Background: Psoriasis and periodontitis are immunologically mediated chronic inflammatory diseases. Epidemiologic evidence has linked both; however, the change of markers in gingival crevicular fluid has been poorly evaluated. Objective: To evaluate the levels of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, S100A7, S100A8, and S100A9 in gingival crevicular fluid of psoriatic and healthy subjects with and without periodontitis and their relations to psoriasis severity. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Sample comprised the following groups: healthy controls without periodontitis or with mild periodontitis (n = 21), healthy controls with moderate or severe periodontitis (n = 18), individuals with psoriasis without or mild periodontitis (n = 11), and individuals with psoriasis and moderate or severe periodontitis (n = 32). Levels of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, S100A8, and S100A9 were determined by multiplex assay and S100A7 was measured by ELISA. Results: No inter-group differences in the levels of IL-17A, IL-22, IL-23, and S100A7 were found. S100A8 levels were higher in psoriatic patients than controls (p < 0.05). S100A8 was positively correlated with psoriasis severity in the group with psoriasis (p < 0.05). S100A9 exceeded the detection limits. Study limitations: This pilot study presents a small sample size. Conclusions: The concentrations of S100A8 were highest in psoriatic patients regardless of periodontal health/status. S100A8 was associated with the severity of psoriasis. The concentrations of interleukins and S100A7 were similar in psoriatic patients with or without periodontitis vs. healthy controls.

BACKGROUND: In 2006 the Hematology Service of Hospital Maciel published its experience with peripheral blood progenitor cell harvesting for autologous stem cell transplantation using Filgen JP (Clausen Filgrastim). After mobilization with a mean filgrastim dose of 78 mcg/Kg, 4.7 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/Kg were obtained by apheresis. Age above 50, multiple myeloma as underlying disease and a malignancy that was not in remission were identified as frequent characteristics among patients showing complex mobilization. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare stem cell mobilization using different brands of filgrastim. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-seven mobilizations performed between 1997 and 2006 were analyzed. This retrospective analysis comparative two groups of patients: those mobilized with different brands of filgrastim (Group A) and those who received Filgen JP (Clausen Filgrastim) as mobilizing agent (Group B). A cluster analysis technique was used to identify four clusters of individuals with different behaviors differentiated by age, total dose of filgrastim required, number of apheresis and harvested CD34+ cells. RESULTS: The mean total dose of filgrastim administered was 105 mcg/Kg, the median number of apheresis was 2 procedures and the mean number of harvested stem cells was 4.98 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/Kg. No significant differences were observed between Groups A and B regarding the number of apheresis, harvested CD34+ cells and number of mobilization failures, however the total dose of filgrastim was significantly lower in Group B. CONCLUSIONS: Among other factors, the origin of the cytokine used as mobilizing agent is an element to be considered when evaluating CD34+ cell mobilization results.