Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of astragaloside IV (As-IV) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and reltaed mechanisms. Methods: Sixty rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, control I/R and 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg As-IV groups, 12 rats in each group. The later three groups were intragastrically administered with As-IV for 7 days, with a dose of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The myocardial I/R injury model was constructed in later four groups. At the end of reperfusion, the cardiac function indexes, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) levels, heart weight (HW)/body weight (BW) ratio and infarct size, and expressions of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/serine-threonine protein kinase (PI3K/AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) proteins and the phosphorylated forms (p-AKT, p-GSK-3β) were determined. Results: Compared with control I/R group, in 5 and 10 mg/kg As-IV groups the left ventricular systolic pressure, fractional shortening and ejection fraction were increased, the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was decreased, the serum LDH and CK levels were decreased, the HW/BW ratio and myocardial infarct size were decreased, and the p-Akt/Akt ratio and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio were increased (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: As-IV can alleviate the myocardial I/R injury in rats through regulating PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways.

The present study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in neuropathic pain and predict their corresponding roles in the pathogenesis and development process of neuropathic pain. The rat model of neuropathic pain caused by spared nerve injury (SNI) was established in Sprague-Dawley male rats, followed by small RNA sequencing of the L3–L6 dorsal root ganglion. Real-time PCR was performed to validate the differently expressed miRNAs. Functional verification was performed by intrathecally injecting the animals with miRNA agomir. A total of 72 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the SNI rats, including 33 upregulated and 39 downregulated miRNAs. The results of qPCR further verified the expression levels of rno-miR-6215 (P=0.015), rno-miR-1224 (P=0.030), rno-miR-1249 (P=0.038), and rno-miR-488-3p (P=0.048), which were all significantly downregulated in the SNI rats compared to the control ones. The majority of differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with phosphorylation, intracellular signal transduction, and cell death. Target prediction, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses suggested that these differentially expressed miRNAs targeted genes that are related to axon guidance, focal adhesion, and Ras and Wnt signaling pathways. Moreover, miR-1224 agomir significantly alleviated SNI-induced neuropathic pain. The current findings provide new insights into the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.

摘要 目的 分析世界卫生组织（WHO）欧洲地区有关石棉使用国家数据和相关疾病。 方法 对于53个国家中的每个国家，分别使用美国地质调查局和WHO的数据库计算人均石棉使用（公斤/人/年）以及间皮瘤和石棉肺年龄调整死亡率（例死亡...

Résumé Objectif Analyser les données nationales sur l'utilisation de l'amiante et les maladies qui y sont associées, dans la région européenne de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS). Méthodes Pour chacun des 53 pays, l'utilisation de l'amiante par habitant (kg/habitant/an) et les taux de mortalité selon l'âge (décès/millions de personnes/an) dus au mésothéliome et à l'asbestose ont été calculés en utilisant les bases de donné...

Резюме Цель Проанализировать национальные данные Всемирной организации здравоохранения (ВОЗ) об использовании асб...

Objective To analyse national data on asbestos use and related diseases in the European Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). Methods For each of the 53 countries, per capita asbestos use (kg/capita/year) and age-adjusted mortality rates (deaths/million persons/year) due to mesothelioma and asbestosis were calculated using the databases of the United States Geological Survey and WHO, respectively. Countries were further categorized by ban status: early-ban (ban adopted by 2000, n = 17), late-ban (ban adopted 2001–2013, n = 17), and no-ban (n = 19). Findings Between 1920–2012, the highest per capita asbestos use was found in the no-ban group. After 2000, early-ban and late-ban groups reduced their asbestos use levels to less than or equal to 0.1 kg/capita/year, respectively, while the no-ban group maintained a very high use at 2.2 kg/capita/year. Between 1994 and 2010, the European Region registered 106 180 deaths from mesothelioma and asbestosis, accounting for 60% of such deaths worldwide. In the early-ban and late-ban groups, 16/17 and 15/17 countries, respectively, reported mesothelioma data to WHO, while only 6/19 countries in the no-ban group reported such data. The age-adjusted mortality rates for mesothelioma for the early-ban, late-ban and no-ban groups were 9.4, 3.7 and 3.2 deaths/million persons/year, respectively. Asbestosis rates for the groups were 0.8, 0.9 and 1.5 deaths/million persons/year, respectively. Conclusion Within the European Region, the early-ban countries reported most of the current asbestos-related deaths. However, this might shift to the no-ban countries, since the disease burden will likely increase in these countries due the heavy use of asbestos.

ملخص الغرض تحليل البيانات الوطنية بشأن استخدام الحرير الصخري (الأسبستوس) والأمراض ذات الصلة في الإقليم الأ...

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los datos nacionales sobre el uso del amianto y las enfermedades relacionadas a este en la región europea de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Métodos Para cada uno de los 53 países, se calculó el uso del amianto por cápita (kg/cápita/año) y las tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad (muertes/millón de personas/año) causadas por mesotelioma y asbestosis a través de, respectivamente, las bases de datos de la Encuesta Geológica de los Estados Unidos y la OMS. Además, los países se clasificaron según el estado de prohibición: prohibición temprana (prohibición adoptada en el año 2000, n = 17), prohibición tardía (prohibición adoptada entre 2001–2013, n = 17) y sin prohibición (n = 19). Resultados El grupo sin prohibición presentó el mayor uso de amianto por cápita entre 1920–2012. A partir del año 2000, los grupos con prohibiciones tempranas y tardías redujeron sus niveles de uso de amianto a menos de o igual a 0,1 kg/cápita/año, respectivamente, mientras que el grupo sin prohibición mantuvo un uso muy elevado de 2,2 kg/cápita/año. Entre 1994 y 2010, la Región de Europa registró 106 180 muertes por mesotelioma y asbestosis, lo que representa el 60 % de este tipo de muertes en todo el mundo. Los grupos con prohibiciones tempranas y tardías, 16/17 y 15/17 países respectivamente, comunicaron los datos de mesotelioma a la OMS, mientras que solo 6/19 países del grupo sin prohibición facilitaron dicha información. Las tasas de mortalidad ajustadas por edad para el mesotelioma en los países con prohibiciones tempranas y tardías y sin prohibición fueron de 9,4, 3,7 y 3,2 muertes/millón de personas/año, respectivamente, y las tasas de asbestosis, de 0,8, 0,9 y 1,5 muertes/millón de personas/año, respectivamente. Conclusión En la Región de Europa, los países con la prohibición temprana notificaron el mayor número de las muertes actuales relacionadas con el amianto. Sin embargo, esto podría cambiar a los países sin prohibición, ya que es probable que la carga de la enfermedad aumente en dichos países debido al gran uso de amianto.