RESUMO O cádmio (Cd) é um poluente ambiental que afeta vários tecidos e órgãos, inclusive o testículo. Muitos estudos demonstraram que a toxicidade do Cd causa comprometimento testicular por meio de estresse oxidativo e ação inflamatória. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar a toxicidade testicular do Cd e a ação protetora da zeólita contra os efeitos deletérios do cádmio. Ratos machos adultos receberam Cd em uma dose de 30mg/kg/dia por 28 dias consecutivos com ou sem zeólita, que foi administrada em uma dose de 100mg/kg/dia por 28 dias. Foram avaliados o peso dos testículos, os espermatozoides (contagem, motilidade e anormalidades), a testosterona sérica e o hormônio luteinizante (LH), as enzimas testiculares fosfatase ácida (ACP) e fosfatase alcalina (ALP), as citocinas inflamatórias fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α), interleucina-1beta (IL-1β) e fator nuclear Kappa B (NF-κB) e estresse oxidativo. Aqui, descobrimos que o cádmio causou alterações nas características dos espermatozoides, distúrbios nos hormônios sexuais, declínio nas enzimas testiculares, conteúdo elevado de malondialdeído (MDA), diminuição da glutationa (GSH), aumento do fator nuclear Kappa B (NF-κB) e níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e interleucina-1beta (IL-1β) no homogenato do testículo. Em contraste, a zeólita alterou significativamente esses efeitos deletérios, e o mecanismo em potencial envolveu a regulação negativa do Fator Nuclear Kappa B (NF-κB), do Fator de Necrose Tumoral Alfa (TNF-α) e da interleucina-1beta (IL-1β), restaurando a glutationa (GSH) e reduzindo o malondialdeído (MDA). Além disso, a zeólita foi associada a uma maior taxa de gravidez. Nossos dados sugerem que o estresse oxidativo e a inflamação são responsáveis pela lesão testicular induzida por Cd e que a administração conjunta de zeólita exerce um efeito protetor por meio da via NF-κB /TNF-α/IL-1β. (Cd órgãos testículo inflamatória Portanto 30mgkgdia mgkgdia 30mg kg dia mg 2 100mgkgdia 100mg testículos contagem, contagem (contagem anormalidades, anormalidades , anormalidades) LH, LH (LH) ACP (ACP ALP, ALP (ALP) TNFα, TNFα TNF α interleucina1beta interleucinabeta interleucina 1beta beta IL1β ILβ IL 1β β (IL-1β NFκB NF κB (NF-κB Aqui sexuais MDA, MDA (MDA) GSH, GSH próinflamatórias pró (TNF-α contraste NFκB, IL1β, (GSH MDA. . disso gravidez /TNFα/IL1β. TNFαIL1β TNFαILβ /TNF α/IL 1β. /TNF-α/IL-1β (LH (ALP (MDA /TNFα/IL1β TNFαIL αIL

ABSTRACT Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant affecting various tissues and organs, including the testis. Many studies demonstrated that Cd toxicity causes testicular impairment through oxidative stress and inflammatory action. Therefore, this study aimed to demonstrate Cd's testicular toxicity and the protective action of zeolite against cadmium's deleterious effects. Adult male rats were given Cd at a dose of 30mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days with or without zeolite, which was given at a dose of 100mg/kg/day for 28 days. Testis weight, sperm (count, motility, and abnormalities), serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH), testicular enzymes Acid phosphatase (ACP) and Alkaline phosphatase(ALP), inflammatory cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) , interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) , and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) and oxidative stress were evaluated. Herein, we found that cadmium caused alterations in sperm characteristics, sex hormone disturbance, decline in testicular enzymes, elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, decreased glutathione (GSH), increased Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) and pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) levels in testis homogenate. In contrast, zeolite significantly amended these deleterious effects, and the potential mechanism involved the downregulation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB), Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), restoring glutathione (GSH) and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA). Also, zeolite was associated with an increased rate of pregnancy. Our data suggested that oxidative stress and inflammation are responsible for Cd-induced testicular injury and co-administration of zeolite exerts a protective effect via NF-κB /TNF-α/IL-1β pathway. (Cd organs Therefore Cds s cadmiums effects 30mgkgday mgkgday 30mg kg day mg 2 100mgkgday 100mg weight count, count (count motility abnormalities, abnormalities abnormalities) LH, LH (LH) ACP (ACP phosphataseALP, phosphataseALP ALP phosphatase(ALP) TNFα TNF α (TNF-α interleukin1beta interleukinbeta interleukin 1beta beta IL1β ILβ IL 1β β (IL-1β NFκB NF κB (NF-κB evaluated Herein characteristics disturbance MDA (MDA contents GSH, GSH proinflammatory pro homogenate contrast NFκB, IL1β, (GSH MDA. . Also pregnancy Cdinduced induced coadministration co administration /TNFα/IL1β TNFαIL1β TNFαILβ /TNF α/IL pathway (LH phosphatase(ALP TNFαIL αIL

Resumo Introdução e objetivos O termo colite inespecífica (CI) refere-se a uma condição inflamatória do cólon que microscopicamente não apresenta características de qualquer forma específica de colite; é comumente observada em relatórios patológicos de biópsias de colonoscopia. De fato, tem-se questionado se esta seria uma entidade patológica separada ou apenas um estágio intermediário no curso da DII. Este estudo foi realizado para estimar a prevalência de CI entre pacientes com colite e caracterizar seu curso durante um período de seis meses. Pacientes e métodos O estudo incluiu 80 pacientes adultos que se apresentaram para colonoscopia. Na análise, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo A (CI) e grupo B (DII) Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a anamnese completa, exame clínico completo e investigações laboratoriais que incluíram análise de fezes, PCR, VHS, colonoscopia completa e biópsias aleatórias de cólon para exame histopatológico. Resultados Do total de pacientes, 67 foram alocados no grupo A (83,75%) e 13 (16,25%) no grupo B. Os pacientes com DII apresentavam sinais clínicos e laboratoriais de inflamação significativamente maiores do que o observado em pacientes com CI. Seis pacientes (8,95%) do grupo CI desenvolveram características histológicas de DII florida após seis meses. Não foram identificados preditores independentes para essa conversão. Conclusão Entre os 80 pacientes submetidos a colonoscopia e biópsia, o diagnóstico de CI foi feito em 67 (83,75%); destes, seis pacientes (8,95%) foram reexaminados após seis meses e apresentaram DII, sendo que essa conversão não foi associada a fatores preditivos.

Abstract Background and study aim The term non-specific colitis refers to an inflammatory condition of the colon that microscopically lacks the characteristic features of any specific form of colitis and is commonly seen in pathology reports of colonoscopy biopsies. In fact, it has been questioned whether it is a separate pathological entity or it is merely an intermediate stage in the course of inflammatory bowel disease. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of non-specific colitis among patients with colitis and characterize its natural history over a 6 months year period. Patients and methods Eighty adult patients presented for colonoscopy were enrolled. In the final analysis they were divided into Group A; the non-specific colitis Group and Group B; the inflammatory bowel disease Group. All patients were subjected to: full history taking, full clinical examination, laboratory investigations: which included stool analysis, CRP, ESR, complete colonoscopy and entire random colon biopsies for histopathological examination. Results Group A included 67 patients (83.75%) while Group B included 13 (16.25%) patients. Patients with IBD had clinical and laboratory features of inflammation significantly higher than patients with non-specific colitis. Six patients (8.95%) of non-specific colitis group developed histologic features of florid inflammatory bowel disease after 6 months. There were no independent predictors of this conversion. Conclusion Among our 80 patients with colonoscopy and biopsy 67 (83.75%) were diagnosed as non-specific colitis and out of them 6 patients (8.95%) were reexamined after 6 months and proved to have inflammtory bowel disese this change was not linked to predictive factors.

<sec><title>Introduction</title><p> Surfactant protein A (SP-A) exhibits antimicrobial properties and interacts with a variety of respiratory tract pathogens.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective</title><p> The objective of this study was to detect the presence of SP-A and measure its alterations in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and primary atrophic rhinitis (PAR) versus healthy controls.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p> Inferior turbinate and sinus mucosal biopsies were taken from 30 patients with CRS, 30 patients with PAR, and 20 healthy controls. Immunohistochemical staining for SP-A and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of SP-A messenger RNA were performed on nasal tissue samples.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p> Immunostaining localized SP-A to the mucosa and submucosal glands in CRS specimens but failed to localize it in PAR specimens. Quantitative PCR showed a high, statistically significant increase in the SP-A levels of patients with CRS when compared with controls (<italic>p</italic> < 0.0001) and also demonstrated a significant reduction of SP-A in patients with PAR compared with controls (<italic>p</italic> < 0.005).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p> SP-A is significantly increased in CRS and decreased significantly in PAR and appears to be expressed by respiratory epithelial cells and submucosal glandular elements of the sinonasal mucosa. The potential therapeutic applications of surfactant in the enhancement of mucociliary clearance need to be studied.</p></sec>

Bioassay-guided isolation using an in vitro assay testing for anti- schistosomiasis yielded a novel triterpene saponin, asparagalin A, from the n-butanol extract of the roots of Asparagus stipularis Forssk., Asparagaceae. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformations. Administration of asparagalin A resulted in a retardation of worm growth and locomotion at the first day and showed a significant activity of egg-laying suppression at 200 µg/mL concentration.