RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante, a concentração de glicose e insulina e o comportamento reprodutivo de ovelhas suplementadas com resíduo de laranja antes da inseminação. Cinquenta e cinco ovelhas multíparas foram divididas em dois currais e 15 ovelhas sem raça foram mantidas individualmente para se medir o consumo de ração. Duas dietas integrais foram administradas; T0: tratamento controle e T1: dieta com 20% de resíduo de laranja seco. Dias após o início da suplementação, as ovelhas foram sincronizadas. A suplementação foi finalizada antes da inseminação artificial e, em seguida, foi coletada uma amostra de sangue para medir a capacidade antioxidante e a concentração de glicose e insulina. Uma análise de variância foi feita para avaliar o efeito do tratamento sobre a capacidade antioxidante, a glicose e a insulina, e um teste do ji quadrado foi realizado para analisar a resposta ao estro, a porcentagem de gestação e de prolificidade. Dos nove compostos antioxidantes encontrados no resíduo laranja, a hesperidina (7,44%), o ácido clorogênico (0,50%) e o ácido protocatecuico foram os de maior concentração. O consumo alimentar, a resposta ao estro, a porcentagem de gestação, a capacidade antioxidante, a concentração de glicose e a insulina não foram afetados pelo tratamento. Conclui-se que é possível a inclusão de 20% de resíduos de laranja na dieta antes da inseminação em ovelhas.

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin concentration and reproductive performance of ewes supplemented with orange residue prior to insemination. Fifty-five multiparous ewes were divided into two corrals, and 15 unbred ewes were kept individually to measure feed consumption. Two integral diets were administered; T0: control treatment and T1: with 20% of dry matter of orange residue. Ten days after the start of supplementation, the ewes were synchronized. Supplementation was finalized prior to artificial insemination, then, a blood sample was taken to measure the antioxidant capacity and glucose and insulin concentration. An analysis of variance was made to evaluate the effect of treatment on the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin; and to analyze the response to estrus, percentage of gestation and prolificity a ji squared test was performed. Of 9 antioxidant compounds found in the orange residue, hesperidin (7.44%), chlorogenic acid (0.50%) and protocatechuic acid had the highest concentration. Feed intake, estrus response, percentage of gestation, antioxidant capacity, and glucose and insulin concentration were not affected by the treatment. It is concluded that inclusion of 20% of orange residue in the diet prior to insemination in ewes is possible.

RESUMO Rentabilidade da produção de ovinos depende da resposta reprodutiva de ovelhas e do crescimento de seus cordeiros, o que pode ser melhorado por meio do genótipo masculino. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de ovinos Blackbelly (Bb), Pelibuey (Pb), Katadin (Kat) e Dorper (Dor) e o crescimento de cordeiros com carneiros Damara (Dam) e Dor. Para medir a porcentagem de partos simples e múltiplas (MLP), foram utilizados 234 ovelhas Bb, PB, Kat e Dor. Para medir o crescimento dos cordeiros, foram utilizadas 86 ovelhas Bb x Pb (BbPb) e 73 Kat x Dor (KatDOR). Quatro cordeiros Dor x BbPb, seis Dam x BbPb e seis Dam x KatDor foram sacrificados para avaliação de carcaça. MLP foi analisada com o procedimento CATMOD, considerando-se fatores como idade e raça. Dados de crescimento do cordeiro foram analisados com o procedimento MIXED, e as de características de carcaça com o procedimento GLM do SAS, utilizando-se peso ao sacrifício como covariável. MLP foi maior (P<0.05) em Bb do que em Dor. Os cordeiros Dor x BbPb foram mais pesados (P<0.05) no nascimento do que Dam x BbPb. Em partos simples e múltiplos, os cordeiros de ovelhas KatDor foram mais pesados (P<0.05) no momento do nascimento de cordeiros BbPb. As cordeiras de carneiros Dor apresentaram maior (P<0.05) ganho de peso após o desmame do que as de carneiros Dam. O rendimento de carcaça, a espessura da gordura subcutânea e o rendimento de corte primal não foram diferentes por efeito da raça de carneiro. Conclui-se que as ovelhas Bb são mais prolíficas do que as ovelhas Dor; cordeiros de carneiros Damara tiveram resposta de crescimento pós-desmame e rendimento de carcaça semelhantes aos dos carneiros Dor, embora Dorper cordeiras fossem mais pesadas do que as de Damara.

ABSTRACT Profitability of sheep production depends on the reproductive response of ewes and growth of their lambs, which can be improved through the ram genotype. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive response of Blackbelly (Bb), Pelibuey (Pb), Katahdin (Kat) and Dorper (Dor) ewes crossed with Damara (Dam) and Dor rams and the growth of their offspring. To measure percentage of single and multiple lambings (MLP), 234 Bb, Pb, Kat and Dor ewes were used. To measure lamb growth, the offspring of 86 Bb x Pb (BbPb) ewes and 73 Kat x Dor (KatDOR) ewes were used. Four Dor x BbPb, six Dam x BbPb and six Dam x KatDor lambs were slaughtered for carcass assessment. MLP was analyzed with the CATMOD procedure considering the factors age and breed. Lamb growth data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure, and those of carcass characteristics with the GLM procedure of SAS, using weight at slaughter as covariable. MLP was higher (P<0.05) in Bb than in Dor. The Dor x BbPb lambs were heavier (P<0.05) at birth than Dam x BbPb. Of the lambs from single and multiple births, the KatDor lambs were heavier (P<0.05) at birth than BbPb lambs. The female lambs of Dor rams had higher (P<0.05) weight gain after weaning than those of Dam rams. Carcass dressing, subcutaneous fat, and primal cut yield were not different (P>0.05) by effect of ram breed. It is concluded that Bb ewes are more prolific than Dor ewes; male lambs of Dam rams had post-weaning growth response and carcass yield similar to those of Dor rams, although the female lambs of Dor rams were heavier than those of Dam rams.

Objetivou-se determinar características de carcaça, alterações físico-químicas, capacidade antioxidante e de oxidação da carne de ovinos alimentados com polpa de café, durante o período de armazenamento refrigerado. O experimento foi realizado com 15 cordeiros Blackbelly com um peso médio de 22,86 ± 0,76kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em três tratamentos: T0=dieta controle, T1=dieta com 8% de polpa de café e T2=dieta com polpa de café de 16%. Depois de 56 dias de engorda, cordeiros foram abatidos, e a carcaça avaliada. Inclusão de polpa de café de 16% na dieta aumentou o rendimento de carcaça de 48.19 para 50.83% e diminuiu a quantidade de gordura no rúmen e nos intestinos de 3.43 para 2.53% (P<0,05). A inclusão de polpa de café na dieta não alterou a proteína ou a gordura na carne nem a oxidação e a capacidade antioxidante durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A inclusão de polpa de café na dieta de cordeiros diminui a gordura no rúmen e nos intestinos e aumenta a quantidade de carne na carcaça.

The purpose of this study was to determine how feeding sheep coffee pulp affects carcass characteristics and what changes occur in physicochemical, antioxidant capacity and oxidation of the meat during refrigerated storage. The experiment was carried out in 15 Blackbelly lambs weighing an average 22.86±0.76kg. The animals were assigned to three treatments: T0=control diet, T1=diet with 8% coffee pulp, and T2=diet with 16% coffee pulp. After fattening for 56 days, the sheep were slaughtered and the carcasses assessed. The inclusion of 16% coffee pulp in the diet increased carcass dressing from 48.19 to 50.83% and decreased the amount of fat in rumen and intestines from 3.43 to 2.53% (P<0.05). The inclusion of coffee pulp in the diet did not alter the amount of crude protein or fat in meat or its oxidation and antioxidant capacity during refrigerated storage. However, the inclusion of coffee pulp in the diet decreased fat in the rumen and intestines, and thus increased the amount of usable meat.

The production of lactic urea and the factors that affect it were evaluated. A weekly sample of milk was collected and the daily production of 20 fully lactating cows was recorded. A completely random design with a multiple factorial array was used. The response variable was the content of lactic urea, and the factors were the production levels and the milk protein. The mean amount of lactic urea in the milk was 12.46 mg dl-1. There were no differences (p ≥ 0.05) among the production systems. The content of lactic urea related to a < 5kg (11.48 mg dl-1)b production level was significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from the ≥ 5 production level, but the ≤ 10 kg (12.8 mg dl-1)ª and > 10 kg (13.07 mg dl-1)ª levels were statistically equal (p ≥ 0.05). The contents of lactic urea found in the < 3.0% (13.2 mg dl-1)ª level of milk protein were different (p ≤ 0.05) from the concentration of urea found in the > 3.2% (11.97 mg dl-1)b level of milk protein. There were no significant differences (p ≥ 0.05) in the interactions between production and milk protein. The concentration of lactic urea in August (8.77 mg dl-1)d was statistically different (p ≤ 0.05) from that of february (12.48 mg dl-1)abc, june (13.57 mg dl-1)abc, July (14.05 mg dl-1)ª, september (13.47 mg dl-1)abc, october (13.62 mg dl-1)ab, november (13.83 mg dl-1)ª and december (14.29 mg dl-1)ª. It is concluded that the levels of lactic urea found in the herd are adequate, and that these levels are affected by the production levels and the protein contained in the milk.

Se evaluó la producción de urea láctea y los factores que la afectan. Se realizó un muestreo de leche semanalmente y se registró la producción diaria de 20 animales de lactancia completa. Se utilizó un Diseño Completamente al Azar con arreglo factorial múltiple. La variable de respuesta fue el contenido de urea láctea, tomando como factores el sistema de producción, niveles de producción y proteína en leche. La media de urea en leche fue 12.46 mg dl-1. No existieron diferencias (p ≥ 0.05) entre los sistemas de producción. El contenido de urea láctea correspondiente al nivel de producción < 5kg (11.48 mg dl-1)b presento diferencia significativa (p ≤ 0.05) con los niveles de producción ≥ 5 pero ≤ 10 kg (12.8 mg dl-1)ª y > 10 kg (13.07 mg dl-1)ª no existieron diferencias (p ≥ 0.05). Los contenidos de urea láctea encontrados en el nivel < 3.0% (13.2 mg dl-1)ª de proteína en leche presentaron diferencias (p ≤0.05) con la concentración de urea encontrado para el nivel > 3.2% (11.97 mg dl-1)b de proteína en leche. No existieron diferencias significativas (p ≥ 0.05) en las interacciones producción y proteínas en leche. La concentración de urea láctea en agosto (8.77 mg dl-1)d fue diferente estadísticamente (p ≤ 0.05) de las concentraciones de febrero (12.48 mg dl-1)abc, junio (13.57 mg dl-1)abc, julio (14.05 mg dl-1)ª, septiembre (13.47 mg dl-1)abc, octubre (13.62 mg dl-1)ab, noviembre (13.83 mg dl-1)ª y diciembre (14.29 mg dl-1)ª. Se concluye que los niveles de urea láctea encontrados en el hato son adecuados y que estos niveles son afectados por los niveles de producción y proteína contenida en leche.

To determine the effect of breed on growth performance and carcass characteristics in Mexican hair sheep, 48 lambs (average 38.9 ± 1.56 kg body weight, BW) were used in a completely randomized experimental design. The breed types assessed were 16 Pelibuey (PB), 16 Pelibuey x Katahdin (PB-KT) crossbred and 16 Pelibuey x Dorper (PB-DP) crossbred lambs. The lambs were fed a maize grain-based diet (88% concentrate and 12% forage) containing 155 g CP and 12.13 MJ ME/kg DM. The growth performance trial lasted 45 days. The average daily gain was significantly higher for the PB breed than for the PB-KT and PB-DP cross-breds. Feed intake in the PB and PB-KT was significantly higher than in the PB-DP. The feed conversion ratio was lower for the PB than for PB-KT and PB-DP lambs. Hot carcass dressing and leg perimeters were significantly lower for the PB than for the PB-DP lambs, and similar to that of the PB-KT lambs. The lowest dorsal fat values were measured in the PB breed, compared with both the PB-KT and PB-DP cross-breds. Mesenteric fat (as % of BW) in the PB was significantly higher than in PB-KT and PB-DP lambs. Empty rumen and small intestine weights (as % of BW) in the PB lambs were significantly higher than in the PB-DP lambs, but their large intestine was significantly smaller than in the other two breeds. It was concluded that the PB lambs have a better growth performance and carcass characteristics than the PB-DM lambs, but similar to that of the PB-KT lambs.

A high production of crossbreed Brown Swiss x Zebu bullocks exists in the damp tropical regions of Mexico, and in spite of its economic importance, there is little information on the characteristics and yield of the carcasses obtained. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yield of the carcass and non meat components of the bullocks reared in three feeding systems in a damp tropical climate. Thirty one bovines were used: 11 under extensive grazing (PE), 10 under grazing + a complement (PS) and 10 in a dry feed-lot (EC). Measured variables were live weight (PV), empty body weight (PVC), carcass yield (RC), consumable and non consumable body components yield, gastrointestinal tract content (CGI), dorsal fat thickness (EGD) and marbling. PV was similar in all rearing systems (419.4, 423.6, 414.4 kg for PE, PS and EC, respectively). The bullocks reared in EC were younger (P < 0.05), had more EGD (4.2 mm; P < 0.05), a greater PVC (90.9%; P < 0.05) and a lower CGI (9.04%; P < 0.05). Carcasses did not present marbling (P < 0.05) in the three feeding systems (P > 0.05). The bullocks reared in EC presented the greatest percentages of skin, feet and respiratory tract (9.5, 2.4 and 1.4 %, respectively). It can be concluded that producing bullocks in EC improves their carcass characteristics and increases the thickness of dorsal fat. The feeding system affected the gastrointestinal tract weight and the carcass yield, but not the non meat components yield.

Suizo Pardo x Cebú, y a pesar de su importancia económica poco se conoce sobre el rendimiento y las características de las canales obtenidas. El objetivo de estudio fue evaluar el rendimiento de la canal y de los componentes no cárnicos de toretes criados en tres sistemas de alimentación en clima cálido húmedo. Se utilizaron 31 toretes: 11 de pastoreo extensivo (PE), 10 de pastoreo + suplemento (PS) y 10 de engorda en corral (EC). Las variables de respuesta fueron peso vivo (PV), peso vacío del cuerpo (PVC), rendimiento de la canal (RC) y de los componentes consumibles y no consumibles, contenido del tracto gastrointestinal (CGI), espesor de grasa dorsal (EGD) y marmoleo. El PV fue similar entre los sistemas de crianza evaluados (419.4, 423.6, 414.4 kg en PE, PS y EC, respectivamente). Los toretes finalizados en EC presentaron mayor EGD (4.2 mm; P < 0.05), mayor porcentaje de PVC (90.9%; P < 0.05) y menor CGI (9.04%; P < 0.05). Las canales no mostraron marmoleo en los tres sistemas de alimentación (P > 0.05). Los animales de EC presentaron los mayores porcentajes de piel, patas y aparato respiratorio (9.5, 2.4 y 1.4 %, respectivamente). Se concluye que el sistema de EC mejora el terminado de la canal e incrementa el espesor de la grasa de cobertura. El sistema de alimentación afectó el peso del contenido gastrointestinal y el rendimiento de la canal, pero no modificó el rendimiento de los componentes no cárnicos.