Abstract Trace elements are emitted to the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic sources. The increase in industrialization and mining occurring from the late 19th century released large quantities of toxic trace elements into the Earth’s atmosphere. Here we investigate the variability of concentrations of bismuth, cadmium, chromium, and lead in two Mount Johns – MJ (79°55’28”S, 94°23’18”W, 2100 m a.s.l) ice cores over 132 years (1883-2015). Trace element concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CCI/UMaine). The data show evidence of pollution for these elements in Antarctica as early as the 1883. Several maxima concentrations were observed: first at the beginning of the 20th century and the last from 1970s to 1990s, with a clear decrease during recent years. Emissions occur from different anthropogenic sources and appear to be variable throughout the record. The main source of these elements is attributed to mining and smelting of non-ferrous metals in South America, Africa, and Australia. As well as a probable lead enrichment due to the use of fossil fuels. The MJ ice core record also reflects changes in atmospheric circulation and transport processes, probably associated with a strengthening of the westerlies.

RESUMO: Um testemunho de neve de 92,26 m foi coletado em um dos divisores da bacia de drenagem glacial do manto de gelo da Antártica Ocidental no verão austral de 2008/2009. Este artigo descreveu os trabalhos de campo no sítio Mount Johns (79º55'S; 94º23'W) e apresentou os resultados das análises dos 45,00 m do registro superiores do testemunho e que representam cerca de 125 anos (1883 - 2008) de precipitação de neve, datados por meio da contagem anual das camadas e dos horizontes vulcânicos de referência. Os elementos-traço estudados neste trabalho foram determinados usando espectrometria de massas por plasma indutivamente acoplado em 2.137 amostras. As concentrações obtidas para Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr e Ti são controladas pelas variações climáticas, pela distância de transporte e pelas fontes naturais desses aerossóis. Contribuições naturais de poeira, oriundas principalmente das áreas áridas da Patagônia e da Austrália, são importantes fontes para alumínio, bário, ferro, manganês e titânio. Os aerossóis marinhos, provenientes do gelo marinho e transportados pelas massas de ar, são fontes importantes de sódio e magnésio. Cálcio, potássio e estrôncio apresentam aportes consideráveis tanto de poeira continental como de aerossóis marinhos.

ABSTRACT: An ice core, 92.26 m in length, was collected near the ice divide of the West Antarctica ice sheet during the 2008/2009 austral summer. This paper described the fieldwork at the Mount Johns site (79º55'S; 94º23'W) and presented the first results of the upper 45.00 m record covering approximately 125 years (1883 - 2008), dated by annual layer counting and volcanic reference horizons. Trace element concentrations in 2,137 samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentrations obtained for Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Sr and Ti are controlled by climate variations, the transport distance, and the natural sources of these aerosols. Natural dust contributions, mainly derived from the arid areas of Patagonia and Australia, are important sources for aluminum, barium, iron, manganese and titanium. Marine aerosols from sea ice and transported by air masses are important sources of sodium and magnesium. Calcium, potassium and strontium showed considerable inputs of both continental dust and marine aerosols.