Abstract Introduction The maxillary sinus and its variations are very important to dentistry and rhinology. Objective To investigate the effect of the accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) on the variations of adjacent structures of the maxillary sinus. Methods The computed tomography (CT) images of 400 patients were retrospectively evaluated. The prevalence of AMO was calculated. The relationship between morphological variations of adjacent structures of maxillary sinus such as agger nasi cell (ANC), Haller cell (HC), nasal septum deviation (NSD), hypertrophy of inferior concha (HIC), pneumatization of middle concha (PMC), mucus retention cyst (MRC), mucosal thickening (MT), and maxillary sinusitis (MS), as well as the presence of AMO, were investigated. Results Presence of AMO was diagnosed in 42 patients (10.5%), having been found in 4.5% of the patients only on the right side, in 1.25% of the patients only on the left side, and in 4.75% of the patients on both sides. There is an increasing incidence of ANC, HC, NSD, HIC, and PMC in the presence of AMO and MS. There is a decreasing incidence of MRC in the presence of AMO. Furthermore, AMO does not affect the incidence of MT. Conclusion This study showed that most parameters, except for MRC and MT, had increasing incidence in the presence of AMO. It is important for radiologists and rhinologists to have knowledge about the location of AMO and the presence of variations of MS adjacent structures to avoid surgical complications. rhinology (AMO CT (CT 40 evaluated calculated ANC , (ANC) HC (HC) NSD (NSD) HIC (HIC) PMC, (PMC) MRC, (MRC) MT (MT) MS, (MS) investigated 4 10.5%, 105 10.5% 10 5 (10.5%) 45 4.5 side 125 1 25 1.25 475 75 4.75 sides Furthermore parameters complications (ANC (HC (NSD (HIC (PMC (MRC (MT (MS 10.5 (10.5% 4. 12 2 1.2 47 7 4.7 10. (10.5 1. (10. (10 (1 (

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of the BMC phenomenon in a Turkish patient population. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 2634 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. The Chi-squared test was used to determine potential differences in the distribution of BMCs when stratified by sex and side. Among the 2634 patients, 42 (1.7%) patients were found to have BMC. Of these 42 patients, 22 were female (0.8%) and 20 were male (0.7%) with age ranging from 29 to 68 years (mean age 47.47). Among the 42 patients, 39 (92.8%) of the BMCs were unilateral and three (7.1%) were bilateral. Approximately 24 cases (53.3%) were on the right side, and 21 cases (46.6%) were on the left side. All of the BMCs showed a mediolateral orientation. The mean depth of the BMC was 2.55 mm in males and 2.68 mm in females. 2 patients have symptoms whereas the other patients were atraumatic and asymptomatic. BMC is a rare condition that might be more prevalent in the Turkish population. Greater detailed information regarding BMC could be obtained by the widespread use of CBCT in epidemiological studies.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia del fenómeno CMB en una población de pacientes de Turquía. Se revisaron imágenes consecutivas de tomografía computarizada (CBCT) de 2.634 pacientes retrospectivamente. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para determinar las posibles diferencias en la distribución de CMB estratificado por sexo y lado. Entre los 2.634 pacientes, se encontró que 42 (1,7%) pacientes tenían CMB. De estos 42 pacientes, 22 eran mujeres (0,8%) y 20 eran varones (0,7%), con edades entre 29 a 68 años (promedio edad 47,47). Entre los 42 pacientes, 39 (92,8%) del CMB fueron unilaterales y tres (7,1%) fueron bilaterales. Aproximadamente 24 casos (53,3%) estaban en el lado derecho, y 21 casos (46,6%) estaban en el lado izquierdo. Todas las CMB mostraron una orientación mediolateral. La profundidad media de la CMB era 2,55 mm en los hombres y 2,68 mm en las mujeres. Dos de los pacientes presentaron síntomas, mientras que en el resto de los pacientes no presentó trauma ni síntomas. CMB es una afección poco común que podría ser más frecuente en la población turca. Mayor información y detalle sobre CMB se podría obtener en estudios epidemiológicos con el uso generalizado de CBCT.

The bifid condylar process is a rare alteration that is usually diagnosed as an incidental finding in a panoramic radiograph. The etiology of bifid condylar process is unknown, although the most tenable theory is that of traumatic origin. A 46-year-old woman was referred to our dental department with a complaint of pain and clicking on her temporomandibular joints. A panoramic radiograph showed bilateral bifid condyles Described with bifid condylar process varies from case to case, however in most cases are asymptomatic. The most common and predominant symptoms are temporomandibular joints sounds. The diagnosis of bifid condylar process is based on its radiographic appearance. Some researchers have indicated the necessity of imaging the anomaly by a second imaging method obtained in a different plane, in addition to orthopantomograph, and they have employed different techniques such as CT and magnetic resonance imaging. The bifid condylar process, and particularly the bilateral bifid condylar process, is a rare finding, the etiology of which remains uncertain. It is predominately an asymptomatic condition, discovered by chance on routine radiographic survey. The diagnosis is based on the radiographic manifestations and the treatment is usually conservative.

El proceso condilar bífido es una alteración rara que usualmente se diagnostica como un hallazgo incidental en una radiografía panorámica. La etiología de proceso condilar bífido es desconocida, aunque la teoría más aceptable es la de origen traumático. Una mujer de 46 años de edad, fue remitida a nuestro servicio dental con presencia de dolor y clic en sus articulaciones temporomandibulares. Una radiografía panorámica mostró procesos condilares bífidos bilaterales. La descripción del proceso condilar mandibular bífido varía de caso a caso, sin embargo en la mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos. Los síntomas más comunes y predominantes son los sonidos en las articulaciones temporomandibulares. El diagnóstico de proceso condilar bífido se basa en su aspecto radiográfico. Algunos investigadores han indicado la necesidad de proyección de imagen de la anomalía por un segundo método de imagen obtenida en un plano diferente, además de ortopantomografía, y han empleado diferentes técnicas como la tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética. El proceso condilar bífido, y en particular bilateral, es un hallazgo poco frecuente, cuya etiología sigue siendo incierta. Es predominantemente una enfermedad asintomática, descubierta por casualidad en examen radiográfico de rutina. El diagnóstico se basa en las manifestaciones radiográficas y el tratamiento suele ser conservador.

In the past the benign cementoblastoma was recognized in the World Health Organization’s classification of odontogenic tumours as one of the cementoma neoplasias. Recently the benign cementoblastoma is included into ‘Mesenchyme and/or odontogenic ectomesenchyme, with or without odontogenic epithelium’ odontogenic tumours. Benign cementoblastoma has characteristic radiologic and microscopic features and it appears to be fused to the tooth roots. Symptoms may be totally absent, and when they do occur, pain and swelling are frequent findings. The final diagnosis is usually made histopathologically, but the clinical diagnosis is comparatively easy if it is examined radiographically. The tumour has unlimited growth potential. Most frequently tends to be associated with an erupted permanent tooth, most often the first molar: rarely has an association with an impacted or partial impacted tooth been reported. This case represents a case of benign cementoblastoma associated with a partially impacted mandibular third molar.