Na região de Ouro Preto observa-se significativa presença de garimpos de topázio. Essa atividade caracteriza-se pela utilização de técnicas rudimentares e sem controle de descarte dos rejeitos. Entre os danos causados ao meio físico e biótico estão o desmatamento; geração de pilhas de rejeito, aumento expressivo da concentração de finos transportados e assoreamento dos cursos d'água. Nesse trabalho foi realizado um estudo hidrogeoquímico para avaliar a qualidade das águas do rio Ponte e seus principais tributários, localizados no distrito de Rodrigo Silva, importante produtor de topázio imperial na região de Ouro Preto. Amostras de água foram analisadas para pH, Eh, oxigênio dissolvido, condutividade elétrica, turbidez, alcalinidade, cloretos, sulfatos, metais (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Sc, Sr, Ti, V, Y e Zn) e material particulado em suspensão. Os resultados mostram que o principal problema da área são os altos valores de turbidez, que estão associados à presença de sólidos em suspensão introduzidos pelo garimpo (chegando a 2,9 g.L-1). Esse material representa uma fase importante capaz de carrear metais no compartimento aquático.

Around the Ouro Preto region, State of Minas Gerais Brazil, there is a significant presence of topaz prospecting. This activity is characterized by the use of rudimentary techniques without any tailing disposal control. Among the environmental impacts are: deforestation, tailing generation and accumulation, introduction of suspended fine particulate matter to the water and silting up of streams. In this work a hydrochemical study was carried out aiming to assess the water quality of the Ponte River and its tributaries. Water samples were analyzed for pH, Eh, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, chloride, sulfate, metals (Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Sc, Sr, Ti, V, Y and Zn) and suspended particulate matter. The results show that the main problem in the area is the high turbidity values, which are associated with the presence of suspended solids introduced by the prospecting activity (reaching a concentration of up to 2.9 g.L-1). This fact represents an important facto, since it demonstrates that metals are being deposited in the aquatic atmosphere.

The gold and iron mining activities in the Velhas River yield considerable amounts of suspended solids as well as metals to the hydrological system of the region. The risks were assessed by sequential extraction procedures. They were carried out in sediment samples, aiming to evaluate the presence of Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn and As. Although being at high levels in some parts of the river (e.g. As 527 mg g-1 and Cr 475 mg g-1) they are associated with the residual fraction. Mobility factors were also calculated and show that these species are enriched along the river, e.g. for As 0.02 at the spring and 0.33 at the high course of the river.