Resumo Pterodon pubescens e P. emarginatus (Leguminosae) são duas espécies de plantas nativas medicinais do Brasil. As populações têm sido ameaçadas pelo extrativismo para uso de suas propriedades terapêuticas. Estudos de diversidade genética ajudam a racionalizar o uso e a promover a conservação dessas espécies. Nós desenvolvemos marcadores microssatélites para P. pubescens e transferimos para P. emarginatus com intuito de permitir investigações futuras da diversidade genética das espécies. A partir de sequências genômicas de P. pubescens, obtidas via plataforma Illumina MiSeq, foi possível identificar 6.514 regiões microssatélites, desenhar 5.419 pares de primers, e testar a amplificação de 30 marcadores. Nós fornecemos 26 marcadores moleculares, 10 dos quais foram usados para genotipar 48 indivíduos de cada espécie. O número de alelos por locus variou de 3 a 16, com alta diversidade genética média para ambas as espécies ( P. pubescens HE = 0,753; P. emarginatus HE = 0,691). Os dez marcadores apresentaram boa probabilidade de exclusão de falsa paternidade (com valores acima de 0,99) e baixos valores de probabilidade de identidade, indicando que esse conjunto é adequado para discriminar indivíduos em P. pubescens e P. emarginatus. Os marcadores microssatélites desenvolvidos neste trabalho representam uma ferramenta promissora para estudos de genética de populações e conservação das duas espécies e podem, eventualmente, ser aplicados a espécies não-modelos filogeneticamente próximas.

Abstract Pterodon pubescens and P. emarginatus (Leguminosae) are native medicinal plants of Brazil. Extractivism due to its therapeutic properties threatens populations of both species. Studies of genetic diversity is a way to reason the use and promote conservation. We developed microsatellite markers for P. pubescens and transferred them to P. emarginatus to further genetic diversity investigation of these species. From genomic sequences of P. pubescens, obtained via the Illumina MiSeq platform, it was possible to identify 6,514 microsatellite regions, to design 5,419 primer pairs, and to test 30 markers amplification. We provide 26 polymorphic microsatellite markers, 10 of which were genotyped in 48 individuals per species. The number of alleles per locus range from 3 to 16, with high average genetic diversity ( P. pubescens HE = 0.753; P. emarginatus HE = 0.691). The genotyped markers have a high paternity exclusion probability (Q values greater than 0.99) and low probability of identity, indicating that set of loci is capable of individual discriminating in P. pubescens and P. emarginatus. Microsatellite markers provided in this study are a tool for population genetics studies and conservation of the two species and can be applied to closely related non-model species.

ABSTRACT The genus Manihot Mill. contains about 120 species of which about 104 occur in Brazil. We tested the cross-amplification of ten microsatellite markers developed for Manihot esculenta in 15 species of Manihot endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado. We also evaluated the genetic diversity of Manihot irwinii, M. orbicularis, and M. purpureocostata. Ten pairs of primers were amplified among 14 species of Manihot. The percentage of polymorphic loci per species varied from 70 to 100 %. Nine markers showed amplification and polymorphism when evaluated on polyacrylamide gel. The markers were combined to form three sets for multiplex genotyping for genetic diversity analysis, and showed 51, 75, and 75 alleles in M. irwinii, M. orbicularis, and M. purpureocostata, respectively. The levels of genetic diversity for the transferred markers were high for the three species and proved to be useful for population genetics studies of species of Manihot endemic to the Cerrado. The results of this study will help to better understand the genetic diversity, taxonomy and relationships among species Manihot, and to develop conservation programs for the genus.

Abstract Dipteryx alata Vogel (Leguminosae) is a native Neotropical tree with a wide distribution in the Brazilian Cerrado that is commonly known as the baru tree. The genetic diversity of 150 D. alata progeny from a germplasm collection was characterized using nine microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity analysis detected 50 alleles ranging from 2 to 14 alleles per locus. The genetic differentiation among populations (θ p = 0.097) suggests moderate genetic structuring and high genetic differentiation among progenies (θ s = 0.169). The intrapopulation index (f = 0.122) indicates the presence of low endogamy. The effective population size (Ne = 96) shows that the germplasm collection has sufficient representativeness for use as a base population for breeding programmes. These results are useful for the exploitation of the genetic resources of D. alata for future conservation efforts and breeding programmes.