RESUMO A técnica de voo em arqueiros é uma das ações defensivas fundamentais, o seu aperfeiçoamento depende de metodologias especializadas baseadas em estudos de atletas de alto nível, que servem de base teórica para reforçar o processo de gestão do treino desportivo. Neste sentido, o objectivo da investigação consistiu numa análise biomecânica do gesto técnico de voo em guarda-redes profissionais e amadores de futebol. A investigação é do tipo descritivo-explicativo de ordem correlativa. Sob uma amostragem não-probabilística, 30 atletas (sexo masculino; 16-18 anos de idade) classificados em dois grupos independentes (grupo 1: profissionais: 15 sujeitos; grupo 2: amador: 15 sujeitos) foram estudados. Cinco variáveis foram comparadas biomecanicamente (AS: ângulo superior do corpo; AI: ângulo inferior do corpo; VM: velocidade máxima; AM: aceleração máxima; TV: tempo de voo). A variável "AS" não apresentou diferenças significativas (grupo 1: 141,4°; grupo 2: 150,3°; p=0,747), nem a variável "AI" (grupo 1: 141,62°; grupo 2: 150,3°; p=0,161), nem a variável "VM" (grupo 1: 4. 62m/s; grupo 2: 4,96m/s; p=0,601), nem a variável "AM" (grupo 1: 2,54m/s2; grupo 2: 3,26m/s2; p=0,202), nem a variável "TV" (grupo 1: 1,86s; grupo 2: 1,56s; p=0,535), embora haja variações nos intervalos médios. Não há variações significativas na execução do gesto técnico de voo dos guarda-redes de futebol estudados. No entanto, recomenda-se alargar o estudo a uma amostra maior, comparando os resultados com categorias de faixa etária inferior.

ABSTRACT The archery flight technique is one of the fundamental defensive actions, its improvement depends on specialized methodologies based on studies of high-level athletes, which serve as a theoretical basis to strengthen the process of sports training management. In this sense, the objective of the research was to biomechanically analyze the technical gesture of flight in professional and amateur soccer goalkeepers. The research is of descriptive-explanatory type of correlational order. Under a non-probabilistic intentional sampling, 30 athletes (male; 16-18 years old) classified into two independent groups (Group 1: Professionals: 15 subjects; Group 2: Amateur: 15 subjects) are studied, 5 variables are biomechanically compared (AS: upper body angle; AI: lower body angle; VM: maximum speed; AM: maximum acceleration; TV: flight time ). The variable "AS" did not present significant differences (Group 1: 141.4°; Group 2: 150.3°; p=0.747 ), nor the variable "AI" (Group 1: 141.62°; Group 2: 150.3°; p=0.161 ), nor the variable "VM" (Group 1: 4.62m/s ; Group 2: 4.96m/s; p=0.601 ), nor the variable "AM" (Group 1: 2.54m/s 2 ; Group 2: 3.26m /s 2 ; p=0.202 ), nor the variable "TV" (Group 1: 1.86s ; Group 2: 1.56s; p=0.535 ), although there are variations in the average ranges. There are no significant variations within the execution of the technical gesture of the flight of the soccer goalkeepers studied. However, it is recommended to extend the study to a larger sample, comparing results with categories of lower age range.

RESUMEN La técnica del vuelo en arqueros es una de las acciones defensivas fundamentales, su perfeccionamiento depende de metodologías especializadas basadas en estudios de atletas de alto nivel, las cuales sirven de base teórica para fortalecer el proceso de dirección del entrenamiento deportivo. En tal sentido, el objetivo de la investigación consistió en analizar biomecánicamente el gesto técnico del vuelo en arqueros de fútbol de nivel profesional y amateur. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva-explicativa de orden correlacional. Bajo un muestreo intencional no probabilístico, se estudian 30 deportistas (género masculino; 16-18 años) clasificados en dos grupos independientes (grupo 1: profesionales: 15 sujetos; grupo 2: amateur: 15 sujetos), se comparan biomecánicamente cinco variables (AS: ángulo del tren superior; AI: ángulo del tren inferior; VM: velocidad máxima; AM: aceleración máxima; TV: tiempo de vuelo). La variable "AS" no presentó diferencias significativas (crupo 1: 141.4°; Grupo 2: 150.3°; p=0.747), ni la variable "AI" (grupo 1: 141.62°; grupo 2: 150.3°; p=0.161), ni la variable "VM" (grupo 1: 4.62m/s; grupo 2: 4.96m/s; p=0.601), ni la variable "AM" (grupo 1: 2.54m/s2; grupo 2: 3.26m/s2; p=0.202), ni la variable "TV" (grupo 1: 1.86s; Grupo 2: 1.56s; p=0.535), aunque hay variaciones en los rangos promedios. No existen variaciones significativas dentro de la ejecución del gesto técnico del vuelo de los arqueros de fútbol estudiados. No obstante, se recomienda ampliar el estudio a una muestra mayor, comparando resultados con categorías de menor rango etario.

ABSTRACT Bibliometrics is a branch of scientometrics that allows the study of scientific activity. Its unit of analysis is the scientific article. The interest in this area of research lies in its implication in decision making, as part of knowledge management, by suggesting the development of lines of research that have been little studied or supervising the development of others and evaluating the scientific work of authors, institutions and even countries. The central theme of this article is to analyze bibliometrically the scientific production related to academic achievement in the university context. The approach used was quantitative, because it used statistics to give the desired result. The type of research was descriptive because it sought to characterize bibliometric indicators such as year of publication, country where the study was carried out, journal of publication, main topics, methodologies and areas of knowledge used. A total of 145 scientific articles related to the scientific production on human talent and academic achievement published in the Scopus databases were taken into account, corresponding to the period sampled between 2006-2021.

RESUMEN La Bibliometría es una rama de la Cienciometría que permite estudiar la actividad científica. Su unidad de análisis es el artículo científico. El interés por esta área de investigación radica en su implicancia en la toma de decisiones, como parte de la gestión del conocimiento, al sugerir el desarrollo de líneas de investigación poco estudiadas o supervisar el desarrollo de otras y evaluar el quehacer científico de autores, instituciones e incluso países. El tema central de este artículo es analizar bibliométricamente la producción científica relacionada con el aprovechamiento académico en el contexto universitario. El enfoque utilizado fue el cuantitativo, esto porque utilizó la estadística para dar el resultado deseado. El tipo de investigación fue el descriptivo porque buscó caracterizar indicadores bibliométricos tales como año de publicación, país donde se efectuó el estudio, revista de publicación, principales temáticas, metodologías y utilizadas áreas del conocimiento. Se tomaron en cuenta 145 artículos científicos que guardan relación con la producción científica sobre talento humano y aprovechamiento académico publicados en las bases de datos Scopus correspondientes al periodo muestreado entre los años 2006-2021.

Abstract Introduction: Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 (GA-1) is produced by the enzymatic deficiency of glutaryl-CoA-dehydrogenase (GCDH), leading to the accumulation of glutaric acid (GA). 90% of patients without early treatment present acute encephalopathic crisis (AEC), followed by disabling neurological symptoms. The treatment consists of a low lysine (Lys) diet, protein substitute lys-free, tryptophan-reduced (PS) and L-carnitine. Objectives: Describe the clinical and nutritional evolution of a cohort of GA-1 patients at a national referral center in Chile. Methodology: Retrospective study of 24 patients diagnosed with GA-1 between 1998-2020 and referred to the Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA) of University of Chile. Results: Age at diagnosis was 19±27 months; 10/24 presented AEC and neurological sequelae. The cases without AEC (14/24) 8 presented neurological compromise: psychomotor development delay, abnormal movements and pyramidal syndrome. Nutritional evaluation: 12/24 were malnourished by deficiency, <6 years old group (12/24): 11 cases were found to have Lys and PS, ≥6 years old (12/24): 9/12 did not receive PS. All had normal free carnitine levels. Conclusion: GA-1 has variable symptoms with neurological involvement AEC or insidious start. Is essential to maintain a long-term follow-up and consider its inclusion in neonatal screening programs.

Silicosis is a disease without treatment. The surveillance program for workers exposed to silica is designed to detect as early as possible by a chest radiograph. Despite its fundamental role, it suffers from a great technique and interpretation variability. To reduce these phenomena, the ILO created a classification system widely used in Chile and the world. This was based on analog radiography, which has been replaced by the same analog set, digitized. While the ILO permits the use of this new type of image it indicates that the pattern comparison must remain analog. Many studies have shown that it is best to use digital comparison patterns. The objective of this work was to generate a set of digital x-rays representing the central profusion of round opacities of ILO classification system. From a universe of 32,826 x-rays of patients exposed to silica, 252 films, of which 54 were reported for 3 accredited readers, selected 8 cases that had pure round opacities of different profusions was obtained, which are proposed as digital pattern for Chile.

La silicosis es una enfermedad sin tratamiento. El programa de vigilancia de trabajadores expuestos a sílice está diseñado para detectarla lo más precozmente posible mediante una radiografía de tórax. A pesar de su rol fundamental, esta adolece de una gran variabilidad técnica y de interpretación. Para disminuir estos fenómenos, la OIT creó un sistema de clasificación ampliamente usado en Chile y el mundo. Este se basó en la radiografía análoga, la que ha sido reemplazada por el mismo set análogo, digitalizado. Si bien la OIT permite el uso de este nuevo tipo de imagen, indica que el patrón de comparación debe seguir siendo el análogo. Muchos estudios han demostrado que es mejor utilizar patrones de comparación digitales. El objetivo de este trabajo fue generar un set de radiografías digitales que representen las profusiones centrales de opacidades redondas del sistema de clasificación OIT. De un universo de 32.826 radiografías de pacientes expuestos a sílice, se obtuvo 252 radiografías, de las cuales 54 fueron informadas por 3 lectores acreditados, seleccionándose 8 casos que contaban con opacidades redondas puras de diferentes profusiones, las que se proponen como patrón digital para Chile.

In this work, the changes caused by a chemical modification of the properties and chemical structures of lignin are studied. Lignin from a mixture of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens obtained through the kraft pulping process was used. The lignin was isolated by acid precipitation and modified by a reaction with maleic anhydride. Maleated lignin (ML) was incorporated to recycled polystyrene (rPS) at 2, 5, and 10 wt-% by a melt-blending process. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to determine the ML structure, and the morphology of rPS/ ML composites was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to study the glass-transition temperature (Tg) and the thermal stability of rPS and rPS/ ML composites and were compared with virgin PS. The Tg values of rPS and their composites were higher than those of the virgin PS. TGA revealed that the thermal stability of rPS with 2 and 5% of ML was slightly greater than that of the virgin PS. These results suggest that postconsumer PS can be used to obtain composite materials with good thermal properties.