ABSTRACT Introduction: Infection is a serious complication among patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs) and in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients. In most centers, the management of these complications is provided by the hematologist in person, thus demanding a knowledge of basic aspects of infection. Methods: To evaluate the knowledge of the hematologist on infections, we invited clinicians to answer two questionnaires with 20 multiple-choice questions covering epidemiology, prophylaxis, diagnosis and treatment of infection in patients with HMs and HCT. Results: We obtained 289 answers: 223 in survey 1 (febrile neutropenia) and 66 in survey 2 (infection in HCT). The median score was 5.0 in both surveys (range 0.5 - 9.0). In survey 1, the questions with the lowest number of correct answers were Q3 (8%), concerning the cefepime dose, and Q1 (9%), which asked about the epidemiologic link between the use of high dose cytarabine and viridans streptococcal bacteremia. In survey 2, two questions about cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection had the lowest percentage of correct answers (Q4, 12% and Q11, 18%). Clinicians attending to HCT recipients had higher scores, compared to clinicians attending to patients with HM only (median score of 5.0 and 4.5, p = 0.03, in survey 1 and 6.0 and 4.5, p = 0.001, in survey 2). In both surveys staff clinicians, residents and professors had similar scores. Conclusion: This is the first study in Brazil assessing the knowledge of hematologists on infectious complications. The low median score overall indicates an urgent need for continuous education. Such initiatives will eventually result in better patient care. Introduction (HMs (HCT centers person Methods infections multiplechoice multiple choice epidemiology prophylaxis Results 28 22 febrile neutropenia 6 . HCT) 50 5 0 5. range 05 0. 9.0. 90 9.0 9 9.0) Q 8%, 8 8% , (8%) 9%, 9% (9%) bacteremia CMV (CMV Q4, Q4 (Q4 12 Q11 18%. 18 18% 18%) scores 45 4 4.5 003 03 0.03 60 6. 0001 001 0.001 2. 2) Conclusion education care 9. (8% (9% (Q 4. 00 0.0 000 0.00 (8 (9 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: Infection is a major complication in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Newly diagnosed patients are at high risk of developing infection caused by encapsulated bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophylus influenzae. Method and Results: However, once treatment is initiated, the spectrum of pathogens causing infection broadens, depending on the treatment regimens. With disease progression, cumulative immunosuppression occurs as a consequence of multiple treatment lines and the risk of infection further increases. On the other hand, the use of targeted therapies in the treatment of CLL have brought new risks of infection, with an increased incidence of invasive fungal diseases, particularly aspergillosis, in patients receiving Bruton kinase inhibitors. Conclusion: In this article, we review the epidemiology of infection in patients with CLL, taking into account the treatment regimen, and briefly discuss the management of infection. Introduction CLL. . (CLL) bacteria influenzae Results However initiated broadens regimens progression increases hand diseases aspergillosis inhibitors Conclusion article regimen (CLL