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Abstract Introduction Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease and approximately one-third of its carriers do not have evident genetic abnormalities. The mutation of specific molecular markers, such as fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FTL3) internal tandem duplication (ITD), FLT3 tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) and nucleophosmin (NPM1), are associated with an adverse and favorable prognosis, respectively. Objective The objective was to determine the prevalence of FLT3/ITD and NPM1 in Chilean patients and their association with clinical data and prognosis. Method and Results Two hundred and thirty-two children were studied between 2011 and 2017, the median being 8.6 years (ranging from 1 to 18 months). Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) was diagnosed in 29%. The FLT3/ITD-mutated in non-promyelocytic AML was at 10% (14/133) and the FLT3/TKD, at 3.7% (2/54). In APL, it was at 25.4% (16/63). In non-promyelocytic AML, the FLT3/ITD-mutated was associated with a high leucocyte count, the median being 28.5 x mm3 (n= 14) versus 19.4 x mm3 (n= 119), (p= 0.25), in non-mutated cases. In APL, the median was 33.6 x mm3 (n= 15) versus 2.8 x mm3 (n= 47), (p < 0.001). The five-year overall survival (OS) in non-promyelocytic AML with non-mutated and mutated FLT3/ITD were 62.7% and 21.4%, respectively, (p < 0.001); the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) were 79.5% and 50%, respectively, (p < 0.01). The five-year OS in APL with non-mutated and mutated FLT3/ITD was 84.7% and 62.5%, respectively, (p= 0.05); the 5-year EFS was 84.7% and 68.8%, respectively, (p= 0.122). The NPM1 mutation was observed in 3.2% (5/155), all non-promyelocytic AML with the normal karyotype. Conclusion The FLT3/ITD mutation was observed more frequently in APL and associated with a higher white cell count at diagnosis. However, the most important finding was that the FLT3/ITD mutation was associated with a shorter survival in non-promyelocytic AML. (AML onethird one third abnormalities markers fmslike fms like FTL3 FTL (FTL3 ITD, ITD , (ITD) FLT TKD (TKD NPM1, NPM (NPM1) prognosis respectively FLT3ITD FLTITD thirtytwo thirty two 201 2017 86 8 6 8. ranging months. months . months) (APL 29 29% FLT3/ITDmutated FLT3ITDmutated FLTITDmutated nonpromyelocytic non 10 14/133 14133 14 133 (14/133 FLT3TKD FLTTKD FLT3/TKD 37 7 3.7 2/54. 254 2/54 2 54 (2/54) 25 4 25.4 16/63. 1663 16/63 16 63 (16/63) 285 28 5 28. mm n= n (n 194 19 19. 119, 119 119) p= p 0.25, 025 0.25 0 0.25) nonmutated cases 336 33 33. 15 2. 47, 47 47) 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) fiveyear five year (OS 627 62 62.7 214 21 21.4% 5year eventfree event free (EFS 795 79 79.5 50 50% 0.01. 0.01 01 0.01) 847 84 84.7 625 62.5% 0.05 005 05 0.05) 688 68 68.8% 0.122. 0122 0.122 122 0.122) 32 3.2 5/155, 5155 5/155 155 (5/155) karyotype diagnosis However (FTL (ITD (NPM1 20 ITDmutated 14/13 1413 13 (14/13 3. 2/5 (2/54 25. 166 16/6 (16/63 11 02 0.2 000 0.00 00 62. 21.4 79. 0.0 84. 62.5 68.8 012 0.12 12 515 5/15 (5/155 (NPM 14/1 141 (14/1 2/ (2/5 16/ (16/6 0. 21. 68. 0.1 51 5/1 (5/15 14/ (14/ (2/ (16/ 5/ (5/1 (14 (2 (16 (5/ (1 ( (5