Abstract: We present a synthesis of the trajectory of the philosopher and historian of ideas Antonio Paim, followed by the interview we did to him. In the interview, the philosopher recounts his long intellectual journey, which went through marxism and kantism. His political career went through communism in youth and liberalism in maturity. Paim knew what it is like to be a dissident, when he was a member of the Communist Party and ended up being a political prisoner, and what it is like to be linked to the establishment, when he was an advisor to the presidency of the Liberal Front Party. Paim’s long intellectual trajectory, with its changes and intensities, refers to the very history of republican Brazil, with its dramatic twists and turns. Being an unprecedented report, the interview helps to understand the brazilian intellectual culture of the second half of the 20th century and how intellectuals articulate themselves in relation to power.

Resumo: Este texto apresenta uma síntese da trajetória do filósofo e historiador das ideias Antonio Paim, seguida da entrevista realizada com ele. Na entrevista, o filósofo relata seu longo itinerário intelectual, que passou pelo marxismo e pelo kantismo, e sua carreira política, pelo comunismo, na juventude, e pelo liberalismo, na maturidade. Paim conheceu o que é ser dissidência, quando foi membro do Partido Comunista e acabou sendo um preso político, e o que é ser ligado ao establishment, quando foi assessor da presidência do Partido da Frente Liberal. A longa trajetória intelectual de Paim, com suas mudanças e intensidades, se refere à própria História do Brasil republicano, com suas reviravoltas e passagens dramáticas. Sendo um relato inédito, a entrevista ajuda a compreender a cultura intelectual brasileira da segunda metade do século XX e como se articulam os intelectuais em relação ao poder.

Abstract Background The study of the correlation between social and oral health indicators can contribute to evaluating the impacts of health policies and actions. Objective To investigate the correlation between municipal development indicators and oral health indicators in the metropolitan region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Method Epidemiological study of the ecological type was carried out, using data from the Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI) of the year 2010, obtained from the Atlas Brasil portal; Ipardes Municipal Performance Index (IPDM) of the years 2015 and 2016, obtained from the Ipardes portal; and oral health indicators from 2015 to 2018, from SIA/SUS. Subsequently, the Spearman correlation test was used. Results There was a statistically significant positive correlation between municipal development indicators and indicators of the first programmatic dental consultation in 2017; a negative correlation between MHDI and tooth extractions, in the years 2015 and 2016; a positive correlation between IPDM and basic individual dental procedures from the years 2015 to 2018. Conclusion There was a significant correlation between the municipal development indicators and the oral health indicators. Municipalities with higher development rates provided greater access to oral health services and lower proportions of tooth extractions per inhabitant.

Resumo Introdução O estudo da relação entre indicadores sociais e indicadores de saúde bucal pode contribuir para a avaliação dos impactos das políticas e ações de saúde. Objetivo Investigar a correlação entre indicadores de desenvolvimento municipal e indicadores de saúde bucal dos municípios integrantes da mesorregião metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Método Estudo epidemiológico do tipo ecológico, por meio de dados referentes ao Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHM) do ano 2010, obtidos no portal Atlas Brasil; Índice Ipardes de Desempenho Municipal (IPDM) dos anos 2015 e 2016, obtidos no portal do Ipardes; e indicadores de saúde bucal dos anos 2015 a 2018, oriundos do SIA/SUS. Posteriormente, foi empregado o teste de correlação de Spearman. Resultados Verificou-se correlação positiva estatisticamente significativa entre indicadores de desenvolvimento municipal e indicadores de primeira consulta odontológica programática no ano de 2017; correlação negativa entre IDHMs e exodontias nos anos de 2015 e 2016; correlação positiva entre IPDMs e procedimentos odontológicos individuais básicos dos anos 2015 a 2018. Conclusão Houve correlação significativa entre os indicadores de desenvolvimento municipal e os indicadores de saúde bucal. Municípios com maiores índices de desenvolvimento proporcionaram maior acesso aos serviços de saúde bucal e menores proporções de exodontias por habitante.

ABSTRACT We report the long-term outcomes of a case of prenatal gastroschisis repair using a fully percutaneous fetoscopic approach with partial carbon dioxide insufflation. Surgery was performed as an experimental procedure before the scheduled elective birth. The fetal intestines were successfully returned to the abdominal cavity without any fetal or maternal complications. Ultrasonography performed 24 hours later revealed bowel peristalsis and no signs of fetal distress. After 48 hours, partial extrusion of the small bowel was observed, and the fetus was delivered. Gastroschisis repair was immediately performed upon delivery using the EXIT-like procedure as per our institutional protocol. The newborn did not require assisted mechanical ventilation, was discharged at 14 days of age and was then exclusively breastfed. At 3-year follow-up, the patient had no associated gastroschisis-related complications. This is the first case of prenatal repair of gastroschisis, which provides baseline knowledge for future researchers on the potential hurdles and management of prenatal repair.

METALS IN SEDIMENTS FROM THE SHELF-SLOPE INTERFACE OFF THE POTIGUAR BASIN OFFSHORE OIL EXPLORATION AREA, NE BRAZIL. Marine sediments collected in November 2009 and July 2011 at depths ranging from 150 m to 2,000 m in the Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brazil, were analyzed for their main sedimentological characteristics (contents of carbon, nitrogen and their stable isotopes) and metals (Al, Fe, Mn, As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) concentrations and their spatial distribution. Sediments were relatively rich in organic matter (C-org: 0.21% to 0.56%) and metals concentrations increased with depth, suggesting an accumulation of fine and terrigenous sediments eroded and transported from the continental shelf to the slope region. Metals concentrations were higher than those observed in coarser shelf sediments, because of sorting of fine-grained sediments. Iron (Fe), Cr and Cu distribution, although presenting this general pattern, also suggests some changes along the transport. Fe and Cr, probably in discrete minerals, are less affected by accumulation in deeper sediments. The high enrichment in Cu, however, suggests additional sources directly to slope sediments, probably by biological productivity and deposition through the water column. The concentrations of all metals are lower or fall close to the lowest range of concentrations reported for slope sediments from other marine regions worldwide and no evidence of anthropogenic contribution was evident.

Abstract Background Cardiac arrest (CA) is a common condition associated with high mortality. The Brazilian advanced life support training TECA A (Treinamento em Emergências Cardiovasculares Avançado — Advanced Cardiovascular Emergency Training) was created to train healthcare professionals in the management of CA. However, there are no studies evaluating the effectiveness of TECA A. Objective To assess the impact of TECA A on the management of CA using a simulated CA situation. Methods Fifty-six students underwent a simulated case of CA in a manikin. The students’ performance in the management of CA was assessed for the time to first chest compression and defibrillation and for a global assessment score using a structured tool. These items were assessed and compared before and after the TECA A. Exclusion criteria were previous participation in CA trainings and absence from class. Categorical variables were compared using the McNemar test and quantitative variables using the Wilcoxon test. All tests were two-tailed, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Compared with before TECA A, median global assessment scores were higher after TECA A (pre-training: 4.0 points [2.0-5.0] vs. 10 points [9.0-10.0]; p<0.001), the time to start chest compressions was shorter (pre-training: 25 seconds [15-34] vs. 19 seconds [16.2-23.0]; p=0.002) and so was the time to defibrillation (pre-training: 82.5 seconds [65.0-108.0] vs. 48 seconds [39.0-53.0]; p<0.001). Conclusions The TECA A promoted a higher adherence to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines and a reduction in the time elapsed from CA to first chest compression and defibrillation.

ABSTRACT Tropical forests are three-dimensional with the presence of numerous micro-environments formed by horizontal and vertical gradients. Such micro-environments can affect the nesting preference of organisms, including the trap-nesting Hymenoptera. Bees and wasps are key elements in ecosystems and are considered as sensitive to environmental changes, and trap-nests sampling methodology is widely used in their ecological and conservation studies. However, many uncertainties remain about nesting site preferences. From this perspective, our aim is to assess the diversity descriptors of trap-nesting Hymenoptera in different micro-environments. The sampling was conducted on three micro-environments (canopy, understory and treefall gaps) replicated on ten permanent plots within a Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot. In each micro-environment, we installed trap-nest stations made by a set of twenty bamboo artificial nests. We found 762 brood cells from ten wasp and five bee species. The rarefaction curves indicate the lower species richness in understory stations, while treefall gaps and canopy stations were not significantly different. We analyzed abundance, mortality and parasitism rates using generalized linear models, but only abundance varies significantly among micro-environments. Our data indicates that trap-nesting Hymenoptera prefer to nest in micro-environments with higher exposure of sunlight. Canopy and treefall gap assemblages are consistently more abundant and diverse than understory probably due the higher temperature and lower humidity. On the other hand, mortality, parasitism rates, and the species composition were similar among environments. Our hypothesis is that the species composition was not affected as these species have a foraging range that encompasses nearby micro-environments.

Resumo A quantificação do teor de matéria orgânica (MO) do solo é de elevada importância para a avaliação da sua fertilidade e da sua capacidade em armazenar carbono. De entre os métodos disponíveis, o de Walkley-Black (WB) e as perdas por incineração (PPI) são dois dos mais comuns. O método de WB tem sido utilizado para quantificar a MO mais facilmente oxidável. Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo avaliar a adequabilidade destes dois métodos na quantificação da MO em solos de pomares de pessegueiro da zona interior centro de Portugal. Para isso foram utilizadas um total de 49 amostras colhidas à profundidade de 0-30 cm. No caso do método PPI, as amostras foram incineradas a 450ºC durante 16 h e posteriormente a 800ºC durante 4 h. Observaram-se perdas de massa reduzidas após a incineração a 800ºC durante 4 h das amostras resultantes do método PPI. Apesar do método PPI apresentar valores superiores ao WB verificou-se uma boa correlação entre ambos (R2 = 0,636, P <0,001). A diferença obervada entre os dois métodos permitirá quantificar o teor de MO mais estável nestes pomares.

Abstract Soil organic matter (OM) quantification is of great importance to evaluate soil fertility and its capacity for carbon storage. Walkley-Black (WB) and loss on ignition (LOI) are two of the most common methods for OM quantification. WB method has been used to quantify the readily oxidizable OM. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of these two methods for OM quantification in soils from the Portuguese inland centre region. A total of 49 soil samples (0-30 cm) were used. In LOI method, the samples were incinerated at 450ºC for 16 h and then at 800ºC for 4 h. Low weight losses were found when the samples obtained from the LOI method were incinerated at 800ºC for 4 h. Despite the higher values obtained from the LOI method, a good correlation was found between that method and the WB method (R 2 =0,636, P<0,001). The difference between the values obtained from the two methods indicates the more stable fraction of OM in soil which contributes to the long-term C storage.

Resumo Introdução A fluoretação das águas de abastecimento tem sido apontada em estudos nacionais e internacionais como a mais eficiente e equânime forma de acesso a fluoretos na prevenção da cárie dentária. Objetivo Relatar os resultados do heterocontrole nas águas de abastecimento público do município de Colombo/PR, no período de dezembro de 2013 a novembro de 2014. Método Foram coletadas amostras mensais em 15 Unidades Básicas de Saúde, em dias da semana aleatórios, no período de 12/2013 a 11/2014. As amostras foram analisadas pelo método eletrométrico na Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense. Resultados Foram analisadas 180 amostras, que variaram de <0,001 a 1,480 mg/L (média 0,715±0,232 mg/L). De acordo com o critério estabelecido pelo Centro Colaborador do Ministério da Saúde em Vigilância da Saúde Bucal, 51,11% das amostras apresentavam níveis de fluoretos adequados, 13,34% concentrações de flúor acima do ideal, e 35,56% abaixo do ideal. Conclusão O heterocontrole representa uma das principais estratégias de vigilância em saúde bucal, e, dessa forma, deve ser implementado e efetuado em todas as regiões que utilizam água fluoretada, a fim de garantir a manutenção de níveis ótimos de fluoretos.

Abstract Background The fluoridation of water supply has been pointed out in national and international studies as the most efficient and equal way of accessing fluorides in the prevention of dental caries. Objective To report the results of heterocontrol in public water supply in the municipality of Colombo/PR, from December 2013 to November 2014. Method The samples were monthly collected in 15 Basic Health Units, on random days of the week, from 12/2013 to 11/2014. The samples were analyzed by the electrometric method at the Faculty of Dentistry of Fluminense Federal University. Results 180 samples were analyzed, ranging from <0.001 to 1.480 mg/L (mean 0.715 ± 0.232 mg/L). According to the criteria established by the Collaborating Center of the Ministry of Health in Oral Health Surveillance, 51.11% of the samples had adequate fluoride levels, 13.34% above ideal fluoride levels, and 35.56% below ideal levels. Conclusion Heterocontrol could represent one of the main strategies of oral health surveillance, and, therefore, it should be implemented and carried out in all regions that use fluoridated water, in order to guarantee the maintenance of optimal fluoride levels.

Resumo Objetivo Verificar os efeitos da obrigatoriedade da nova norma sobre reconhecimento de receitas na qualidade dos accruals e gerenciamento de resultados em empresas brasileiras abertas listadas na B3. Referencial teórico Ao exigir maior julgamento e discricionariedade na avaliação das obrigações de desempenho das empresas, a IFRS15 pode fornecer maior espaço para a influência gerencial na qualidade dos lucros. Metodologia Foram utilizadas 305 companhias brasileiras com dados anuais, entre 2011 e 2021. Como proxies da qualidade, foram utilizados o modelo de qualidade dos accruals de Dechow e Dichev (2002) e o modelo de gerenciamento de resultados de Pae (2005). Foram estimados dois modelos por meio de regressões quantílicas para verificar se a nova norma possui efeito na qualidade dos lucros. Resultados Após adoção da norma, há evidências de redução na qualidade dos accruals, de empresas do setor de tecnologia, bem como aumento no gerenciamento de resultados de modo geral, em especial no setor de produtos industrializados. A partir da pesquisa é possível constatar que há evidências de que a IFRS 15 não trouxe melhorias na qualidade dos lucros em empresas brasileiras abertas. Implicações práticas e sociais da pesquisa Em razão do não alcance dos objetivos iniciais esperados pela implantação do IFRS 15 no Brasil, abre-se um sinal para que os normatizadores monitorem a evolução das implicações do uso dessa norma, buscando eventualmente aperfeiçoá-la na busca de alinhar o exercício de julgamento do gestor a práticas que melhorem a qualidade da informação contábil. Contribuições Este estudo fornece evidências que um novo padrão contábil resultou em uma redução na qualidade dos lucros reportados, contribuindo na formulação de mecanismos de aperfeiçoamento da aplicação da norma especialmente, nos setores mais afetados.

Abstract Purpose To verify the effects of the mandatory nature of the new rule on revenue recognition on the quality of accruals and earnings management in publicly held Brazilian companies listed on the B3. Theoretical framework By requiring greater judgment and discretion in assessing companies' performance obligations, IFRS 15 can provide greater scope for managerial influence on earnings quality. Design/methodology/approach A total of 305 Brazilian companies were used with annual data covering 2011 to 2021. As proxies for quality, the accruals quality model by Dechow and Dichev (2002) and the earnings management model by Pae (2005) were used. In addition, two models were estimated using quantile regressions to verify whether the new standard affects earnings quality. Findings After the adoption of the standard, there is evidence of a reduction in the quality of accruals of companies in the technology sector and an increase in earnings management in general, especially in the industrialized products sector. From the research, it is possible to verify that there is evidence that IFRS 15 did not bring improvements in earnings quality in Brazilian public companies. Practical & social implications of research Due to the failure to achieve the initial objectives expected by the implementation of IFRS 15 in Brazil, standard setters should monitor the evolution of the implications of the use of this standard, eventually seeking to improve it in the search to align the exercise of manager judgment to practices that improve the quality of accounting information. Originality/value This study provides evidence that a new accounting standard resulted in a reduction in the quality of reported earnings, contributing to the formulation of mechanisms to improve the application of the standard, especially in the most affected sectors.

Resumo Fundamento A consolidação de novos paradigmas educacionais exige a implantação de estratégias inovadoras com potencial de transformar estudantes em profissionais competentes. Objetivos Analisar o conhecimento e a satisfação de estudantes antes e após a utilização de uma nova metodologia ativa de ensino médico de modelo digital humanizado chamada Virtual Case-Based Learning (VCBL). Métodos Estudo descritivo com análise documental sobre o processo de ensino-aprendizagem de estudantes de medicina. Dados obtidos da avaliação de conhecimento teórico e do instrumento de satisfação dos alunos nos anos de 2018 e 2019 foram analisados, e a nova metodologia proposta VCBL foi comparada com a metodologia ativa de ensino tradicional, o Problem-Based Learning (PBL). As análises descritivas e de associação foram realizadas utilizando o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados Foram analisados 167 documentos aplicados a estudantes de medicina. Em relação à avaliação do conhecimento teórico, os alunos avaliados em 2018 obtiveram média 41,7%, comparados aos alunos de 2019 que alcançaram 73,3% (p<0,001). Entre os estudantes submetidos à avaliação da satisfação com a metodologia de aprendizagem proposta, 76,0% pontuaram o valor máximo para a questão um, e 83,0% para a questão número dois. Cerca de 70,0% dos estudantes classificaram positivamente o aprendizado adquirido após utilização da plataforma Paciente 360; 78,0% responderam que se sentem preparados para o atendimento ambulatorial; e 94,0% pontuaram de forma positiva a metodologia empregada. Conclusão Neste estudo inicial, os resultados indicaram que a nova ferramenta em metodologia ativa de ensino médico digital humanizado, o VCBL, pode auxiliar no aprimoramento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, proporcionando conhecimento e satisfação dos estudantes.

Abstract Background The consolidation of new educational paradigms requires the implementation of innovative strategies to transform students into competent professionals. Objectives To assess knowledge and satisfaction of medical students before and after the use of a new humanized digital model of active learning, called virtual case-based learning (VCBL). Methods This was a descriptive, documentary analysis of the teaching-learning process of medical students. Data obtained from theoretical knowledge assessment and satisfaction evaluation questionnaires applied in 2018 and 2019 were analyzed, and the new VCBL was compared with the traditional active methodology PBL (problem-based learning). Descriptive and association analyses were made using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Results A total of 167 evaluation forms administered to medical students were analyzed. In the evaluation of theoretical knowledge, the 2018 and the 2019 student groups had a mean of 41.7% and 73.3%, respectively (p<0.001). Among the students who responded to the satisfaction evaluation form, 76.0% gave the highest rating to question one, and 83.0% to question two. Nearly 70.0% of students positively evaluated knowledge acquisition with the Paciente 360 platform; 78.0% reported to feel prepared for working in outpatient care; and 94.0% positively evaluated the new method. Conclusion In this initial study, the results indicate that the new active method for humanized digital medical education, the VCBL, can help in the betterment of the teaching-learning process, promoting knowledge and satisfaction by the students.

ABSTRACT Background: Neglected tropical diseases are a growing threat to global health, and endemic Chagas disease has emerged as one of the most important health problems in America. The main strategy to prevent Trypanosoma cruzi transmission is chemical control of vectors. This study presents a descriptive analysis of synanthropic triatomines before and after the implementation of a vector-control program in Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Descriptive analysis and geospatial statistics were performed on triatomine data, (1) the relative abundance and (2) proportional spatial distribution, from Bahia during two periods: (A) 1957 to 1971 and (B) 2006 to 2019. Results: We observed a decrease in the relative abundance of Panstrongylus megistus (A: n=22.032, 61.9%; B: n=1.842, 1.0%) and Triatoma infestans (A: n=1.310, 3.7%; B: n=763, 0.43%), as well as an increase in the relative abundance of T. sordida (A: n=8.314, 23.4%, B: n=146.901, 81.6%) and T. pseudomaculata (A: n=894, 2.5%, B: n=16.717, 9.3%). Conclusions: Our results indicate a clear reduction in the occurrence of P. megistus and T. infestans (last record in 2015) and an increase in the relative abundance and geographical distribution of T. sordida and T. pseudomaculata after 40 years of the vector-control program. The high frequency of other triatomine species in the municipalities of the state of Bahia and their abundance in recent years highlight the need to reinforce permanent entomological surveillance actions to prevent Chagas disease.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: We aimed to study intraspecific variation in Triatoma costalimai, a potential vector of Chagas disease present in Brazil and Bolivia. METHODS: We analyzed phenotypic (connexivum color patterns, wing morphometrics) and genetic variation (16S mtDNA) of three Brazilian T. costalimai populations. We compared 16S sequences with those of putative Bolivian T. costalimai and its sister species, T. jatai. RESULTS: Brazilian populations had different connexivum color patterns and forewing shapes. A 16S mtDNA haplotype network showed a clear separation of Brazilian T. costalimai from both T. jatai and Bolivian T. costalimai. CONCLUSIONS: We report considerable variability in T. costalimai populations.