Hydrogel films based on gelatin, glutaraldehyde and glycerol are widely reported in many studies with applications focused on food packaging, microencapsulation and release of active drugs. Thus, this study used this composition to produce hydrogel films and brought as a novelty the incorporation of tannic acid (TA) as anti-aging active, due to its great antioxidant capacity. The presence of TA in the hydrogel films was verified by the C–O stretch absorption band at 1020 cm-1, as well as by its thermal degradation between 200 and 300 ºC. Furthermore, the presence of this active compound, which influenced the physical, morphological and mechanical properties of the film, was also confirmed by qualitative release tests. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the HT2 hydrogel film showed acceptable values of elongation at break (28.9 ± 3.1%) and Young modulus (6.4 ± 1.1 MPa), suggesting that this film has the potential to be applied in skin care routines. gelatin packaging drugs Thus (TA antiaging anti aging capacity CO C O 102 cm1, cm1 cm 1, 1 cm-1 20 30 ºC Furthermore compound physical tests Additionally HT 28.9 289 28 9 (28. 3.1% 31 3 6.4 64 6 4 (6. 11 1. MPa, MPa , MPa) routines 10 cm- 2 28. (28 3.1 6. (6 (2 3. (

Abstract Down syndrome presents a high degree of variability in phenotype, may exhibit specific congenital abnormalities. The objective was to search for scientific evidence describing the health education guidelines for genetic counseling in Down syndrome. Integrative review of the literature was conducted using Scielo and Pubmed database, in response to the guiding question: What are the health education guidelines available for genetic counseling in Down syndrome? Articles were chosen in english and portuguese, bolleans operators AND/OR, between 2008 untill 2019. Were found 55 articles, most of which (80%) dealt with prenatal genetic counseling. The studies emphasized orientations directed to parents, professionals and communities: awareness of parents and community; prior knowledge of parents and their opinions to list information needs; formal aspects related to essential exams and therapeutic interventions; informal aspects of psychotherapeutic services to families and ways to report the diagnosis of the syndrome. Special attention should be given to the orientations sought by the parents in the studies, which highlighted the abilities and potential future of this children. It is pointed out that professionals need to be trained and sensitized to carry out genetic counseling, especially postnatal care, which has proved to be insipient in this study.

Resumo A síndrome de Down apresenta variabilidade no fenótipo, podendo exibir anormalidades congênitas específicas. O objetivo foi buscar evidências científicas que descrevam ações de educação em saúde para o aconselhamento genético em síndrome de Down. Revisão integrativa da literatura com busca nas bases de dados Scielo e Pubmed, em resposta a questão norteadora: Quais as ações de educação em saúde disponíveis para o aconselhamento genético em síndrome de Down? Selecionaram-se artigos científicos completos em inglês e português, operadores bolleanos AND e OR, entre 2008 a 2019. Selecionou-se 55 artigos, sendo que 44 artigos (80%) trataram do aconselhamento genético pré-natal. Os estudos ressaltaram orientações direcionadas aos pais, profissionais e comunidade: conscientização dos pais e comunidade; conhecimento prévio dos pais e suas opiniões para elencar as necessidades de informação; aspectos formais relacionados a exames e intervenções terapêuticas; aspectos informais sobre os serviços psicoterapêuticos às famílias e as formas de noticiar o diagnóstico da síndrome. Especial atenção deve ser dada as orientações almejadas pelos pais, os quais destacaram as habilidades e potenciais futuro dos filhos sindrômicos. Aponta-se para a necessidade de capacitação e sensibilização dos profissionais para realizarem o aconselhamento genético, especialmente o pós-natal, o qual mostrou-se insipiente nesse estudo.

Abstract Regular exercise is beneficial to health. This study evaluated the effects of moderate and intense physical exercise modalities on intradermal infection by Staphylococcus aureus in a murine model. Mice that practiced moderate exercise had lower bacterial load on lymph nodes and less inflammatory infiltrate in dermis. They presented greater weight, however, less amount of epididymal fat: the weight was increased while they had fat diminished. A positive correlation was observed between lipid content and bacterial load in mice trained at moderate intensity. Animals that were under high intensity exercises presented superior bacterial load on the lymph nodes, increased neutrophil count and circulating lymphocytes, and had leukocyte recruitment to the dermis augmented, when compared to the ones in moderate exercise. These findings suggest that moderate physical activity modulates the immune response in dermal infection caused by S. aureus in a murine model.

Abstract Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compose the two major noncommunicable chronic inflammatory diseases. Physical activity has been shown as a promising complementary approach to control the systemic inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether this modulation is gender-dependent. The objective of this study was evaluate the gender-related influence of physical activity on the inflammatory response and biochemical profile of individuals with SAH and T2DM. An international physical activity questionnaire was applied to 376 individuals diagnosed with SAH and T2DM in order to access their exercises routine and was evaluated the influence of physical activity in biochemical, anthropometrical, and immunological markers involved in these disorders in men and women. Even though active individuals have exhibited lower serum levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-17A, the ratios between IL-10 and all inflammatory cytokines were higher in men than in women. Physically active individuals also demonstrated increased HDL/LDL and HDL/VLDL ratios. Moreover, multiple correlations revealed that in active women both IL-10 and TNF-α serum levels positively correlate with fasting glucose levels, and were negatively associated with HDL levels. Our findings suggest that gender-related differences dictate a distinct crosstalk between inflammatory and biochemical markers in physically active individuals.

RESUMO Introdução: Durante a atividade física o corpo faz remanejamento sanguíneo para áreas essenciais como a musculatura esquelética, reduzindo o suprimento em áreas não essenciais como o rim. O whey protein (proteína do soro do leite) é um dos suplementos mais usados nas academias. Objetivos: Avaliar a função e a estrutura renal em ratos submetidos ao exercício físico sem e com o uso da suplementação de proteína. Métodos: A proteína usada foi Whey Hydro PRO 2 – Probiótica®, sendo administrada por via oral (gavagem), diluída em água mineral (1,8 g/kg de peso corporal logo após o treino de natação). Os ratos foram divididos em quatro grupos: ratos com exercício (Exc), ratos sem exercício (ñExc), ratos com exercício e com suplementação alimentar de proteína (Prot/Exc) e ratos sem exercício e com suplementação alimentar de proteína (Prot/ñExc). O treinamento consistia em natação por 30 minutos, com utilização de carga, equivalente a 2% do peso corporal, 5 vezes por semana em um total de 10 semanas. A proteína foi administrada por gavagem, uma vez ao dia e logo depois do treino. Resultados: Observou-se queda da filtração glomerular renal nos animais do grupo Exc vs. Prot/Exc. Os valores de creatinina plasmática foram semelhantes entre os grupos que praticaram o exercício vs. os que não praticaram. Para o sódio plasmático e a fração de excreção de sódio, os valores foram menores no grupo Prot/Exc quando comparados com o grupo Exc. A excreção urinária de ureia foi semelhante entre os grupos. Análise histológica: Observou-se degeneração hidrópica significativa nos animais que receberam a suplementação de proteína e realizaram o exercício. Conclusão: Esses resultados mostram que o exercício em conjunto com a suplementação de proteína (2 g/dia/Kg), determina alterações nos mecanismos tubulares de ajustes do sódio e alterações estruturais no parênquima renal. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: During physical activity, the body diverts blood to essential areas such as skeletal muscle, reducing the supply to non-essential areas such as the kidney. Whey protein is one of the most widely used supplements in gyms. Objectives: To evaluate renal function and renal structure in rats submitted to physical exercise with and without the use of protein supplementation. Methods: The protein used was Whey Hydro PRO 2 - Probiotica®. It was administered orally (by gavage), diluted in mineral water (1.8 g/kg of body weight, shortly after swimming training). The rats were divided into four groups: rats with exercise (Exc), rats without exercise (ñExc), rats with exercise and with protein supplementation (Prot/Exc) and rats without exercise and with protein supplementation (Prot/ñExc). The training consisted of swimming for 30 minutes, using load equivalent to 2% of body weight, five times a week for a total of 10 weeks. The protein was administered by gavage, once daily, immediately after the training. Results: A reduced glomerular filtration rate was observed in the animals of the Exc group compared to those of the Prot/Exc group. Plasma creatinine values were similar between the groups submitted to exercise and those not submitted to exercise. Plasma sodium and the sodium excretion fraction were lower in the Prot/Exc group compared to the Exc group. Urinary excretion was similar between groups. Histological analysis: Significant hydropic degeneration was observed in the animals that received protein supplementation and submitted to exercise. Conclusion: These results show that exercise associated with protein supplementation (2g/day/kg) leads to changes in the tubular mechanisms of sodium adjustments and structural changes in the renal parenchyma. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigation the results of treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: Durante la actividad física el cuerpo hace reubicación sanguínea hacia áreas esenciales como la musculatura esquelética, reduciendo el suministro en áreas no esenciales como el riñón. La whey protein (proteína del suero de la leche) es uno de los suplementos más usados en los gimnasios. Objetivos: Evaluar la función y la estructura renal en ratones sometidos al ejercicio físico sin y con el uso de la suplementación de proteína. Métodos: La proteína utilizada fue Whey Hydro PRO 2 - Probiótica® siendo administrada vía oral (gavaje), diluida en agua mineral (1,8 g/kg de peso corporal luego después del entrenamiento de natación). Los ratones fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: ratones con ejercicio (Exc), ratones sin ejercicio (ñExc), ratones con ejercicio y con suplementación alimentaria de proteína (Prot/Exc) y ratones sin ejercicio y con suplementación alimenticia de proteína (Prot/ñExc). El entrenamiento consistía en natación por 30 minutos, con uso de carga, equivalente al 2% del peso corporal, 5 veces por semana en un total de 10 semanas. La proteína fue administrada por gavaje, una vez al día y luego después del entrenamiento. Resultados: Se observó caída de la filtración glomerular renal en los animales del grupo Exc vs Prot/Exc. Los valores de creatinina plasmática fueron semejantes entre los grupos que practicaron el ejercicio vs los no practicaron. Para el sodio plasmático y la fracción de excreción de sodio, los valores fueron menores en el grupo Prot/Exc cuando comparados con el Exc. La excreción urinaria de urea fue semejante entre los grupos. Análisis histológico: Se observó degeneración hidrópica significativa en los animales que recibieron la suplementación de proteínas y no realizaron el ejercicio. Conclusión: Estos resultados muestran que el ejercicio en conjunto con la suplementación de proteína (2 g/día/Kg), determina alteraciones en los mecanismos tubulares de ajustes del sodio y alteraciones estructurales en el parénquima renal. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos – Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

In December 2019, the first case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19), caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was reported and the disease was declared as a worldwide pandemic in March 2020. As there is no vaccine currently available, the daily hygiene cleaning habits and social distance are the ways to fight COVID-19 indicated by the WHO. Hand and surface hygiene has become essential and the use of 60-90% ethanol is recommended for its effective biocide action. Phenol-based products are effective sanitizers, but they can cause irritation and are not recommended for surfaces that come into contact with food. There are quaternary ammonium salts that present low toxic and are good sanitizers, as they can cause the denaturation of proteins and disruption of viral lipid bilayer. Sodium hypochlorite is one of the most used sanitizers due to its low cost and effective oxidative capacity. In the same direction, peroxides are also used as a biocide, as they cause oxidation of lipids and denaturation of viral proteins. The goal of this paper is to describe the action modes and chemical concepts of the sanitizers recommended by the ANVISA-Brazil to be used against the new coronavirus.

Resumo: A Soldagem Subaquática Molhada com Eletrodo Revestido (SMER) tem sido vastamente utilizada devido ao seu baixo custo em relação a outros processos aplicados debaixo d'água e por alcançar resultados de boa qualidade. Um dos principais problemas encontrados é a perda de ductilidade na Zona Termicamente Afetada (ZTA) devido ao rápido resfriamento. Uma opção para a redução da dureza e consequente aumento da ductilidade é a aplicação de um Tratamento Térmico Pós-Soldagem (TTPS). Entretanto, sua utilização por vezes se torna impraticável no ambiente subaquático. Uma alternativa é a utilização do próprio calor proveniente de passes subsequentes, promovendo o revenimento de regiões endurecidas (técnica do passe de revenimento). Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito do esmerilhamento do cordão de solda após cada passe, visando otimizar o calor de passes subsequentes e controlar a dureza da ZTA no processo de soldagem molhada. Todas as soldas foram realizadas em um tanque hiperbárico simulando a profundidade de 10 m. Os resultados demonstraram que quando utilizada a técnica do esmerilhamento, o calor do passe subsequente é melhor utilizado e o revenimento promove o amaciamento de toda a extensão da ZTA, alcançando menores valores de dureza em relação ao processo convencional e dentro dos limites estabelecidos por normas reguladoras.

Abstract: Wet Welding with Coated Electrode (UWW-SMAW) has been widely used due to its low cost in relation to other processes applied underwater and for achieving good quality results. One of the main problems is loss of ductility in the Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ) due to the rapid cooling. An option to reduce hardness and consequent increase in ductility is the application of a Post Welding Heat Treatment (PWHT). However, its use becomes impractical in an underwater environment. An alternative is the use of the heat from subsequent passes, promoting tempering of hardened regions (temper bead technique). In this work, the effect of grinding the weld bead after each pass was studied in order to optimize the heat of subsequent passes and to control the hardness of the HAZ in the wet welding process. All welds were carried out in a hyperbaric tank simulating a depth of 10 m. The results showed that when the grinding technique is used, the heat of the subsequent pass is better used and the tempering promotes the softening of the entire length of the HAZ, reaching lower hardness values in relation to the conventional process and within the limits established by regulatory standards.

Resumo Neste estudo, a microestrutura e a resistência à corrosão intergranular de aços inoxidáveis ferríticos com adições de Nb, Ti e (Ti+Nb) submetidos à soldagem TIG foram investigadas. A caracterização estrutural dos cordões de solda foi realizada através de microscopias óptica (MO) e eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (EDS). A susceptibilidade à sensitização foi avaliada qualitativamente através da Prática W da norma ASTM 763 e quantitativamente através da técnica DL-EPR. Observou-se uma rede de martensita nos contornos de grão na região da solda do aço não estabilizado e uma microestrutura completamente ferrítica nas amostras dos aços com adições de estabilizantes. A Prática W revelou corrosão generalizada no interior dos grãos do aço AISI 430 e a presença de valas no AISI 430 Ti e concomitantemente com a técnica DL-EPR constatou-se que esses aços foram sensitizados pela soldagem. Já as amostras dos aços com adições de Nb e (Ti+Nb) mantiveram boa resistência à corrosão, estando livres de sensitização após a soldagem.

Abstract In this study the microstructure and the resistance to intergranular corrosion of ferritic stainless steels with additions of Nb, Ti and (Ti+Nb) submitted to the TIG welding were investigated. The microstructure of the weld beads was characterized by optical (MO) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopies and by energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The susceptibility to sensitization was assessed qualitatively by Practice W of ASTM 763 and quantitatively by the DL-EPR technique. Martensite was observed at the ferrite grain boundaries in the fusion and heat affected zones of the non-stabilized steel and a completely ferritic microstructure in the steels samples with addition of stabilizers. Practice W revealed general corrosion inside the grains of the AISI 430 steel and the presence of ditches in the AISI 430 Ti. Concomitantly, with the DL-EPR technique, it was found that the weld region of these steels was sensitized. On the other hand, the samples of the steels with Nb and (Ti + Nb) additions maintained good resistance to corrosion and presented no sensitization after welding.

Resumo Neste trabalho, o efeito da adição de Nb na sensitização e corrosão por pite de aço inoxidável ferrítico AISI 430 submetido à soldagem TIG foi investigado por caracterização microestrutural e técnicas eletroquímicas. As três regiões distintas do processo de soldagem, zona fundida, zona termicamente afetada e metal de base do aço AISI 430 com e sem Nb foram avaliadas. O grau de sensitização foi medido por reativação potenciodinâmica eletroquímica de “double loop” e a corrosão por pite foi estudada por testes de polarização potenciostática. As análises microestruturais revelaram uma fase martensítica na zona fundida e zona termicamente afetada do AISI 430 não estabilizado. Os estudos eletroquímicos mostraram que o maior grau de sensitização e o menor potencial de pite estão na zona fundida do aço sem adição de Nb.

Abstract In this work, the effect of Nb addition on sensitization and pitting corrosion of welded AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel subjected to autogenous GTAW was investigated by microstructural characterization and electrochemical techniques. The three distinct regions of welding process, weld metal, heat affected zone and base metal of AISI 430 steel with and without Nb were evaluated. The degree of sensitization was measured by double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation and pitting corrosion was studied by potentiostatic polarization test. The microstructural analyses reported martensite network in the weld metal and heat affected zone of AISI 430 non stabilized. The electrochemical studies revealed that the highest degree of sensitization and the lowest pitting potential are in the weld metal of AISI 430 without Nb.

The simultaneous screening of multiple enzyme activities in a single assay has numerous advantages over the traditional format, since it decreases sampling errors, allows savings in reagents and consumables and reduces the time and labor required to conduct the assays. In the present study, a direct and sensitive assay for the simultaneous detection of epoxide hydrolase and esterase (or lipase) activities was developed. Signal overlap is avoided by synthesizing fluorogenic probes with enzyme-specific alkyl linkers, connected to different fluorophores (resorfurin and umbelliferone), which exhibit emission spectra at different wavelengths. The simultaneous assays were conducted in microplate format with the fluorogenic probes monitored in the same well that uses microorganisms as enzyme source. Our results show that the fluorescent signal from each of the probes used here can be discriminated, allowing multiple enzyme activity detection and quantitation.

The utilization of atomic absorption spectrometer for metformin (MET) and ranitidine (RAN) chlorohydrates determination in medicines is proposed. The spectral lines of nickel and aluminum at 232.0 and 308.2 nm were selected for MET and RAN absorbance monitoring, respectively. The results were compared to those obtained by molecular absorption spectrometry at ultraviolet range (spectrophotometry) and condutometric titration. The figures of merit obtained were adequate for MET and RAN determination in medicines. The limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 mg L-1 obtained for MET and RAN, were similar and even lowers than those obtained by spectrophotometry and comparable with those found in the literature. The precision evaluated by relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 6%. The analytical application shows that in the analyzed samples the MET and RAN concentrations were in agreement with specified value in the label and the limits required by Brazilian legislation.

High throughput techniques to evaluate enantiomeric excess (ee) and enantiomeric ratio (E) of enzymatic reactions are fast and efficient tools that can be applied large quantities of enzymes, microorganisms and clones. The Quick-ee technique proposed in this study produces the ee and conversion values separately.

Latent fluorogenic probes are essential tools for molecular and chemical biology, providing valuable information about enzymatic activity and occurrence. In this review, a brief outline of fluorophores and latent fluorogenic probes is given. Furthermore, advances and challenges in the development of fluorogenic chemical probes to visualize enzymatic activities (hydrolases and oxidoreductases) of biotechnological and biomedical interest are highlighted, including some methodologies for intracellular imaging.

Este artigo descreve o perfil dos cirurgiões-dentistas, enfermeiros e médicos que atuam nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF) do Município de Montes Claros - MG e avalia seus papéis frente às Redes de Atenção à Saúde (RASs). Identificou-se elevado índice de capacitação profissional, mas fraco vínculo empregatício com o referido município. Os recursos humanos na atenção primária são elemento essencial para as RASs, pois os profissionais devem estar capacitados para atuar como protagonistas nos sistemas de governança em prol da comunidade. Ainda é necessária a mobilização pelo sistema gestor de modo a fornecer aos profissionais garantias e condições para se atingir a excelência no serviço de saúde.

This article aims to describe the profile of the orthodontists, nurses and physicians involved in the Family Health Strategy at the municipality of Montes Claros - MG and insert it in context of the Primary Health Networks (PHNs). A high level of professional training is observed, although a weak employment link also applies. It is known that human resources are an overriding element to reach a good performance at the PHNs, once they should be prepared to act as protagonists of governance systems, managing the resources towards community. It is still necessary that health system' managers provide health personnel with all professional guarantees so to reach excellence in primary health.

Este artigo descreve o perfil dos cirurgiões-dentistas, enfermeiros e médicos que atuam nas Estratégias de Saúde da Família (ESF) do Município de Montes Claros - MG e avalia seus papéis frente às Redes de Atenção à Saúde (RASs). Identificou-se elevado índice de capacitação profissional, mas fraco vínculo empregatício com o referido município. Os recursos humanos na atenção primária são elemento essencial para as RASs, pois os profissionais devem estar capacitados para atuar como protagonistas nos sistemas de governança em prol da comunidade. Ainda é necessária a mobilização pelo sistema gestor de modo a fornecer aos profissionais garantias e condições para se atingir a excelência no serviço de saúde.

This article aims to describe the profile of the orthodontists, nurses and physicians involved in the Family Health Strategy at the municipality of Montes Claros - MG and insert it in context of the Primary Health Networks (PHNs). A high level of professional training is observed, although a weak employment link also applies. It is known that human resources are an overriding element to reach a good performance at the PHNs, once they should be prepared to act as protagonists of governance systems, managing the resources towards community. It is still necessary that health system' managers provide health personnel with all professional guarantees so to reach excellence in primary health.