Abstract Controlling acquiescence bias typically involves the application of positive and negative keyed items. However, little is known about the effect of balancing positive and negative items on bias control. The aim of this study was to compare three Confirmatory Factor Analysis models (without control, MIMIC, and Random Intercept) to recover the factor structure of unbalanced and balanced instruments, using simulated and real data (from an instrument that assesses Personality). By controlling for acquiescence, the results indicated that the performance of balanced scales was better than that of unbalanced scales, as well as in the absence of control for response bias, when considering balanced and unbalanced scales. Thus, this research suggests the possibility of controlling acquiescence through balanced instruments associated with the use of statistical methods in modeling.

Resumen El control del sesgo de aquiescencia involucra la aplicación de ítems positivos y negativos. Sin embargo, el efecto del equilibrio entre ítems positivos y negativos en el control del sesgo sigue siendo una pregunta abierta. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar tres modelos de Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (sin control, MIMIC e Intercepto Aleatorio) para recuperar la estructura factorial de instrumentos balanceados y desbalanceados, a partir de datos simulados y reales (a partir de un instrumento que evalúa personalidad). El control de este sesgo de respuesta indicó que el desempeño de escalas balanceadas fue mejor que el de escalas desbalanceadas, así como en la ausencia del control de la aquiescencia, al considerar escalas balanceadas y desbalanceadas. Por lo tanto, esta investigación sugiere la posibilidad de controlar este sesgo de respuesta por medio de instrumentos balanceados asociados con el uso de métodos estadísticos modelado.

Resumo O controle do viés de aquiescência normalmente envolve a aplicação de itens positivos e negativos. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito do balanceamento entre itens positivos e negativos sobre o controle do viés. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar três modelos de Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (sem controle, MIMIC e Intercepto Randômico) para recuperar a estrutura fatorial de instrumentos desbalanceados e balanceados, a partir de dados simulados e reais (procedentes de um instrumento que avalia Personalidade). Mediante o controle da aquiescência, os resultados indicaram que a performance de escalas balanceadas foi melhor do que de escalas desbalanceadas, bem como na ausência de controle desse viés de resposta, ao considerar as escalas balanceadas e desbalanceadas. Dessa maneira, esta pesquisa aponta para a possibilidade de controle de aquiescência por meio de instrumentos balanceados associada ao uso dos métodos estatísticos na modelagem.

Abstract Cavernous sinus syndrome is characterized by ophthalmoplegia, diplopia, facial hypoesthesia, Horner syndrome and proptosis. The authors present a clinical case of an 89-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with complaints of vomiting, severe left frontotemporal headache, photophobia, left ptosis and diplopia with less than 24 hours of evolution. Neurological examination revealed ptosis and limitation of all eye movements in the left eye. Cranioencephalic computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed an expansive lesion with expression in the suprasellar cistern and in the left cavernous sinus, suggestive of a macroadenoma with signs of hemorrhagic transformation. Cavernous sinus syndrome has several etiologies, as cerebrovascular diseases, infectious diseases, and trauma. In addition to the clinical history and physical examination, imaging tests are essential to determine the etiology behind this syndrome.

Resumo A síndrome do seio cavernoso caracteriza-se pela presença de oftalmoplegia, diplopia, hipostesia facial, síndrome de Horner e proptose. Os autores apresentam o caso clínico de uma mulher, 89 anos, que se apresentou no Serviço de Urgência com queixas de vómitos, cefaleia frontotemporal esquerda, fotocopia, ptose esquerda e diplopia com cerca de 24 horas de evolução. O exame neurológico revelou a presença de ptose e alteração nos movimentos oculares ao nível do olho esquerdo. A tomografia computorizada e ressonância magnética crânio-encefálica revelaram a presença de lesão expansiva na região supraselar e seio cavernoso esquerdo, sugestiva de macroadenoma com sinais de transformação hemorrágica. A síndrome do seio cavernoso relaciona-se com diversas etiologias, tais como, doenças cerebrovasculares, infecciosas e trauma. Para além da história clínica e exame objetivo, os exames imagiológicos são essenciais para o diagnóstico e determinação da etiologia desta síndrome.

Controlling acquiescence bias typically involves the application of positive and negative keyed items. However, little is known about the effect of balancing positive and negative items on bias control. The aim of this study was to compare three Confirmatory Factor Analysis models (without control, MIMIC, and Random Intercept) to recover the factor structure of unbalanced and balanced instruments, using simulated and real data (from an instrument that assesses Personality). By controlling for acquiescence, the results indicated that the performance of balanced scales was better than that of unbalanced scales, as well as in the absence of control for response bias, when considering balanced and unbalanced scales. Thus, this research suggests the possibility of controlling acquiescence through balanced instruments associated with the use of statistical methods in modeling.

El control del sesgo de aquiescencia implica la aplicación de ítems positivos y negativos. Sin embargo, el efecto del equilibrio entre ítems positivos y negativos en el control del sesgo sigue siendo una pregunta abierta. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue comparar tres modelos de Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (sin control, MIMIC y Intercepto Aleatorio) para recuperar la estructura factorial de instrumentos desbalanceados y balanceados, a partir de datos simulados y reales (a partir de un instrumento que evalúa personalidad). El control de este sesgo de respuesta indicó que el desempeño de escalas balanceadas fue mejor que el de escalas no balanceadas, así como en la ausencia del control de la aquiescencia, al considerar escalas balanceadas y no balanceadas. Por lo tanto, esta investigación sugiere la posibilidad de controlar este sesgo de respuesta por medio de instrumentos balanceados asociados con el uso de métodos estadísticos modelado.

O controle do viés de aquiescência normalmente envolve a aplicação de itens positivos e negativos. Contudo, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito do balanceamento entre itens positivos e negativos sobre o controle do viés. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar três modelos de Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (sem controle, MIMIC e Intercepto Randômico) para recuperar a estrutura fatorial de instrumentos desbalanceados e balanceados, a partir de dados simulados e reais (procedentes de um instrumento que avalia Personalidade). Mediante o controle da aquiescência, os resultados indicaram que a performance de escalas balanceadas foi melhor do que de escalas desbalanceadas, bem como na ausência de controle desse viés de resposta, ao considerar as escalas balanceadas e desbalanceadas. Dessa maneira, esta pesquisa aponta para a possibilidade de controle de aquiescência por meio de instrumentos balanceados associada ao uso dos métodos estatísticos na modelagem.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la capacidad discriminativa de los factores IDCP-2 para identificar a las per-sonas con riesgo de suicidio. Además, estamos proporcionando un indicador de suicidio para IDCP-2. Participaron 346 personas de entre 18 y 72 anos que respondieron a ASIQ, IDCP-2 y PID-5. Dividimos a los participantes en tres grupos: grupo de bajo riesgo, grupo de riesgo moderado y grupo de alto riesgo. Realizamos comparaciones de medias, análisis de regresión lineal y verificación de curva ROC. Los factores IDCP-2 pudieron discriminar entre los grupos, y el alto riesgo presentò los medios más altos. La regresión indicò autodevaluación y desesperanza como variables con una contribución única significativa en la explicaciòn del comportamiento suicida. Los indicadores de riesgo de suicidio demostraron un rendimiento adecuado en la identificaciòn de personas según el grupo de riesgo. Nuestros hallazgos indican que los factores IDCP-2 pueden discriminar grupos de personas de acuerdo con el comportamiento suicida. Además, el indicador de suicidio desarrollado mostrò sensibilidad en la identificaciòn de personas que informaron intento de suicidio.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the discriminative capacity of IDCP-2 factors to identify people with suicide risk. Moreover, we are providing a suicide indicator for IDCP-2. Participated 346 people aged between 18 and 72 years who responded to ASIQ, IDCP-2, and PID-5. We divided participants into three groups: low-risk group, moderate-risk, and high-risk group. We conducted mean comparisons, linear regression analysis, and ROC curve verification. The IDCP-2 factors were able to discriminate between the groups, with the high-risk presenting the highest means. The regression indicated Self-devaluation and Hopelessness as variables with a significant single contribution in explaining suicidal behavior. Suicide risk indicators demonstrated adequate performance in identifying people according to the risk group. Our findings indicate that the IDCP-2 factors can discriminate groups of people according to suicidal behavior. Besides, the suicide indicator developed showed sensitivity in the identification of people who reported attempted suicide.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo testar a capacidade preditiva de traços patológicos da personalidade e adaptabilidade de carreira sobre quatro construtos que compõem o bem-estar no trabalho: engajamento no trabalho, satisfação no trabalho, burnout e workaholism. Participaram 204 adultos brasileiros trabalhadores (M idade = 34,02; DP = 10,39) que responderam instrumentos que mensuram traços patológicos, recursos de adaptabilidade de carreira e componentes do bem-estar no trabalho. Nossos achados indicaram que os traços patológicos estão, de modo geral, relacionados negativamente com satisfação no trabalho e engajamento no trabalho e positivamente com burnout e workaholism. Após a inserção da adaptabilidade de carreira houve aumento da explicação na maioria dos modelos, sendo que a contribuição única de adaptabilidade foi significativa apenas para predição de satisfação no trabalho.

Abstract This study aimed to test the predictive capacity of pathological traits of personality and career adaptability on four constructs that compose the well-being at work: work engagement, job satisfaction, burnout, and workaholism. A total of 204 Brazilian working adults (M age = 34.02, SD = 10.39) participated in the study, which responded to scales measuring pathological traits, career adaptability resources, and well-being components at work. Our findings indicate that pathological traits are, in general, negatively related to job satisfaction and work engagement and positively associated with burnout and workaholism. After the insertion of career adaptability, there was an increase in most of the models' explanation. The contribution of adaptability was significant only for job satisfaction prediction.

RESUMEN Lutzomyia intermedia (Diptera: Psychodidae) es uno de los principales vectores que participan en la transmisión de leishmaniasis cutánea americana (LCA) en la región Neotropical. A pesar de que aún los estudios genéticos que involucran a este taxón son incipientes, tienen una gran importancia para comprender el nivel de variabilidad de las diferentes poblaciones y sus implicaciones en su papel vectorial. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el nivel de diversidad genética de L. intermedia presente en el Valle del Río Ribeira, área de transmisión de LCA en el estado de Paraná, Brasil, mediante RAPD (ADN polimórfico amplificado aleatoriamente). Los flebótomos fueron recolectados en los municipios Cerro Azul (nueva área de transmisión de LCA) y Adrianópolis (área endémica de LCA), donde fueron capturados en ambientes residenciales, en el peridomicilio y en el bosque. Dos de los marcadores utilizados permitieron estimar el polimorfismo en las poblaciones estudiadas con la obtención de 40 genotipos, la mayoría de ellos en el peridomicilio. El dendrograma generado por el análisis con el cebador A10 mostró diferentes grados de similitud, lo que sugiere que puede haber flujo gènico en las poblaciones. El Análisis de Coordenadas Principales (PCO) con el cebador A2 fue útil para agrupar L. intermedia según su origen ecológico y geográfico. No hubo distinción entre los linajes que componen el complejo L. intermedia. Los resultados de este estudio, con el registro de gran diversidad genotipica en L. intermedia, pueden contribuir a explicar el mantenimiento del ciclo biológico de Leishmania braziliensis (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) en la región.

ABSTRACT Lutzomyia intermedia (Diptera: Psychodidae) features as one of the main vectors that are involved in the transmission of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in the Neotropical region. However, genetic studies involving this taxon are still incipient and important for understanding the level of variability of different populations, their role, and implications as vectors. The aim of this study was to determine the level of genetic diversity of L. intermedia present in the Ribeira River Valley, an area of ACL transmission in the state of Paraná, Brazil, through the Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Two municipalities were chosen to collect sand flies: Cerro Azul (new transmission area of the ACL) and Adrianópolis (endemic area of the ACL). The insects were captured in the house, in the peridomicile and in the wild (forest). Two of the used markers made it possible to estimate the polymorphism of the studied populations, resulting in 40 genotypes, most of them from peridomicile. The dendrogram generated by the analysis with the primer A10 showed different degrees of similarity, suggesting that there may be gene flow in the studied populations. The Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCO) with the A2 primer, was useful in grouping L. intermedia according to its ecological and geographical origin. There was no distinction between the lineages composing the L. intermedia complex. The results of this study, with the record of great genotypic diversity in L. intermedia, may contribute to explain the maintenance of the life cycle of Leishmania braziliensis (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in the region.

Resumen La estructura interna se investiga en medidas de salud mental, explorando o confirmando la asociación de estímulos que componen la prueba, y si esta estructura es consistente con las expectativas. Nuestro enfoque está en la estructura interna del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de Personalidad 2 (IDCP-2), una prueba de autoinforme para la medición de rasgos patológicos. Estudios anteriores solo han verificado parcialmente la estructura interna de IDCP-2. El objetivo de este estudio es verificar la estructura interna del IDCP-2, contemplando en el mismo análisis todas sus dimensiones y factores. Los participantes fueron 200 personas de la población general. Realizamos análisis factoriales confirmatorios (CFA) y exploratorios (EFA), incluidos modelos bifactoriales. Los resultados mostraron el modelo bifactor con 12 factores específicos con los mejores índices de ajuste. La consistencia interna para el factor general fue superior a .90, y de .40 a .91 para los factores específicos. Los resultados sugieren que la solución original de IDCP-2 es razonable utilizando un modelo bifactor.

Abstract The internal structure is investigated in mental health measures, exploring or confirming the association of stimuli composing the test and whether this structure is consistent with expectation. Our focus is on the internal structure of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (1DCP-2), a self-report test for pathological traits measurement. Previous studies have only partially verified the internal structure of IDCP-2. The objective of this study is to verify the internal structure of IDCP-2, contemplating in the same analysis all its dimensions and factors. Participants were 2,000 people from the general population. We conducted confirmatory (CFA) and exploratory (EFA) factorial analyzes, including bifac-tor models. The results showed the bifactor model with 12 specific factors with best fit indices. The internal consistency for the general factor was above .90, and from .40 to .91 for the specific factors. Findings suggested the original solution of IDCP-2 is reasonable using a bifactor model.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar la capacidad de los factores del Inventario Dimensional Clínico de la Personalidad-2 (IDCP-2) en la identificación de personas con dependencia química, así como comparar su capacidad discriminatoria con otro instrumento que evalúa rasgos patológicos, el Personality Inventory for DSM -5 (PID-5). La muestra contó con 253 personas divididas en tres grupos: población general, con 110 personas con edades entre 20 y 66 años (M = 32.3, DP = 10.1) y 71,8% del sexo femenino; subclínico, con 119 individuos con edades entre 18 y 63 años (M = 30,4, DP = 8,34) y 61,3% del sexo femenino; clínico, con 24 participantes siendo 83,3% del sexo masculino y con edades entre 19 y 59 años (M = 36,4, DP = 11,2). Se aplicaron dos instrumentos para la identificación de la dependencia química (AUDIT y ASSIST), además del IDCP-2 y el PID-5. Los resultados indicaron que los factores utilizados del IDCP-2 son capaces de diferenciar los grupos, principalmente los extremos (clínico y población general). Además, se observó que el IDCP-2 posee capacidad predictiva de la dependencia química similar al PID-5. De esta manera, los hallazgos se configuran como evidencias preliminares de que los factores del IDCP-2 son capaces de identificar personas con dependencia química, siendo Desesperanza el factor principal en la evaluación de los dependientes químicos.

Abstract The study aimed to verify the discriminant capacity of the factors of the Clinical Dimensional Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2) in the identification of people with substance dependence, as well as to compare this capacity with another instrument that evaluates pathological traits, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). The sample was composed of 253 adults distributed in three groups: community sample, represented by 110 individuals with ages between 20 and 66 years (M = 32.3; SD = 10,1), 71.8% women; subclinical, 119 individual aged from 18 to 63 (M = 30.4; SD = 8.34), 61.3% women; clinical, 24 individual with ages between 19 and 59 (M = 36,4; SD = 11.2), 83.3% men. Two scales for substance dependence identification were administered (AUDIT and ASSIST), IDCP-2, and PID-5. Findings indicated that IDCP-2 is capable of discriminating between groups, mainly the extreme ones (i.e., clinical sample versus community sample). Moreover, similar discriminant capacity between IDCP-2 and PID-5 was observed. These findings are preliminary evidence that the IDCP-2 factors can identify people with substance dependence, with Hopelessness being the leading factor in the assessment of substance dependents.

Resumen: El estudio buscó evidencia de validez basada en la estructura interna (CFA) y la relación con variables externas para el Inventario de Percepción de Apoyo Familiar (IPSF) y analizó el impacto de la aquiescencia. Participaron 234 personas, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 68 años (M = 31.66; DE = 11.75). Se utilizaron IPSF y la Escala de Versión de Detección de Depresión Baptista (EBADEP-Screening), la Escala de Percepción de Apoyo Social para Adultos (EPSUS-A) y la Escala de Autorregulación Emocional de Adultos (EARE-AD). Se han agregado elementos inversos a la IPSF para aquiescencia. Los resultados indicaron que la estructura bifactor se ajusta mejor a los datos. Además, la aquiescencia impactó tanto en los índices de ajuste como en las cargas de factores del factor general. Las correlaciones de IPSF fueron positivas con EPSUS-A y EARE-AD y negativas con EBADEP-Screening. Estos resultados indican evidencia de validez para el IPSF e indican que el control de aquiescencia puede afectar los puntajes obtenidos al aplicar la escala.

Abstract: The study sought evidence of validity based on internal structure (CFA) and relationship to external variables for the Family Support Perception Inventory (IPSF) and analyzed the impact of acquiescence. Participants were 234 people, aged between 18 and 68 years (M = 31.66; SD = 11.75). The IPSF, the Baptista Depression Scale - Screening Version (EBADEP-Screening), the Adult Social Support Perception Scale (EPSUS-A) and the Adult Emotional Self-Regulation Scale (EARE-AD) were used. Inverse items were added to the IPSF to check for acquiescence. The results indicated that the bifactor structure fits the data best. Also, acquiescence had an impact on both the fit indices and the factor loadings of the general factor. The IPSF correlations were positive with the EPSUS-A and EARE-AD and negative with the EBADEP-Screening. These results indicate evidence of validity for the IPSF and show that acquiescence control can impact the scores obtained when applying the scale.

Resumo: O estudo buscou evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura interna (CFA) e na relação com variáveis externas para o Inventário de Percepção de Suporte Familiar (IPSF) e analisou o impacto da aquiescência. Participaram 234 pessoas, com idades entre 18 e 68 anos (M= 31,66; DP=11,75). Foram utilizados o IPSF e Escala Baptista de Depressão-Versão Triagem (EBADEP-Triagem), a Escala de Percepção do Suporte Social-Adulto (EPSUS-A) e a Escala de Autorregulação Emocional-Adulto (EARE-AD). Foram acrescentados itens inversos ao IPSF para aquiescência. Os resultados indicaram que a estrutura bifator foi que melhor se ajustou aos dados. Além disso, a aquiescência impactou tanto nos índices de ajuste quanto nas cargas fatoriais do fator geral. As correlações do IPSF foram positivas com EPSUS-A e EARE-AD e negativas com a EBADEP-Triagem. Estes resultados indicam evidências de validade para o IPSF e indica que o controle da aquiescência pode impactar escores obtidos com a aplicação da escala.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se existe diferença no desempenho entre meninos e meninas no teste de Zulliger, pelo Sistema Compreensivo ZSC. A amostra constituiu-se de 623 crianças com idades entre 6 a 14 anos, provenientes da região Sudeste do Brasil, divididas em quatro faixas etárias, a saber, seis a sete anos, oito a nove, dez a onze e doze a quatorze anos. As médias foram comparadas por meio do teste t. Os resultados indicaram que algumas diferenças foram significativas, embora o número de variáveis tenha sido reduzido consideravelmente, quando comparado com a literatura. Os achados são discutidos junto a estudos com técnicas projetivas e outros de personalidade. Conclui-se que, embora muitas variáveis sejam corroboradas na literatura, são necessários mais estudos com amostras mais homogêneas, por exemplo, controlando nível cognitivo e variáveis sociodemográficas.

Abstract The objective of this study was to verify possible differences in performance between boys and girls in the Zulliger Comprehensive System (ZSC). The sample consisted of 623 children aged from 6 to 14, from the Southeast region of Brazil, divided into four age groups: six to seven years, eight to nine, ten to eleven, and twelve to fourteen years. The means were compared using the t-test. The results indicated that some differences remained significant even after the Bonferroni correction, although the number of variables was reduced considerably when compared to the literature. The findings are discussed together with studies with projective techniques as well as other personality techniques. It was concluded that, although many variables were corroborated in the literature, more studies with more homogenous samples are needed, including, for example, control for the cognitive level and sociodemographic variables.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar si existe diferencia en el rendimiento entre niños y niñas en la prueba de Zulliger, por el Sistema Comprensivo ZSC. Las medias se compararon usando el t test. La muestra estuvo conformada por 623 niños con edades entre 6 y 14 años, provenientes de la región Sudeste de Brasil, dichos niños fueron divididos en cuatro grupos de edad: de seis a siete, de ocho a nueve, de diez a once y de doce a catorce años. Los resultados indicaron que, incluso con la corrección de Bonferroni, algunas diferencias se mantuvieron significativas, aunque el número de variables se redujo considerablemente en comparación con la literatura. Los hallazgos son discutidos junto con estudios con técnicas proyectivas y otras técnicas de personalidad. Se concluye que, aunque muchas variables se corroboran en la literatura, son necesarios más estudios con muestras más homogéneas, por ejemplo, controlando el nivel cognitivo y las variables sociodemográficas.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar o subdiagnóstico da COVID-19 por meio de nowcasting com machine learning em uma capital do sul do Brasil. Métodos: Estudo ecológico observacional utilizando dados de 3.916 casos notificados de COVID-19 de 14 de abril a 2 de junho de 2020 em Florianópolis, Brasil. O algoritmo de machine learning foi usado para classificar os casos que ainda não tinham diagnóstico, produzindo o nowcasting. Para analisar o subdiagnóstico, foi comparada a diferença entre os dados sem nowcasting e a mediana das projeções com nowcasting para todo o período e para os seis dias a partir da data de início dos sintomas. Resultados: O número de novos casos sem nowcasting durante todo o período foi de 389, com nowcasting foi de 694 (IC95% 496–897). No período de seis dias, o número sem nowcasting foi de 19 e 104 (IC95% 60–142) com nowcasting. O subdiagnóstico foi de 37,29% em todo o período e 81,73% no período de seis dias. O subdiagnóstico foi mais crítico em seis dias, desde a data do início dos sintomas até o diagnóstico antes da coleta de dados, do que em todo o período. Conclusão: O uso de nowcasting com técnicas de machine learning pode ajudar a estimar o número de novos casos da doença.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the underdiagnosis of COVID-19 through nowcasting with machine learning in a Southern Brazilian capital city. Methods: Observational ecological design and data from 3916 notified cases of COVID-19 from April 14th to June 2nd, 2020 in Florianópolis, Brazil. A machine-learning algorithm was used to classify cases that had no diagnosis, producing the nowcast. To analyze the underdiagnosis, the difference between data without nowcasting and the median of the nowcasted projections for the entire period and for the six days from the date of onset of symptoms were compared. Results: The number of new cases throughout the entire period without nowcasting was 389. With nowcasting, it was 694 (95%CI 496–897). During the six-day period, the number without nowcasting was 19 and 104 (95%CI 60–142) with nowcasting. The underdiagnosis was 37.29% in the entire period and 81.73% in the six-day period. The underdiagnosis was more critical in the six days from the date of onset of symptoms to diagnosis before the data collection than in the entire period. Conclusion: The use of nowcasting with machine learning techniques can help to estimate the number of new disease cases.

Abstract Mammal groups have a vast variety of habitats, which include aquatic, aerial, arboreal, and terrestrial. For terrestrial habitats, camera traps are used as a common technique to record mammals and other vertebrates and have been recently utilized to observe arboreal animals as well. Here, we compare the difference in mammal diversity between floor and canopy strata and evaluate the use of camera trapping in a lowland forest in central Amazon. We installed nine paired camera traps, one in the canopy stratum and other in the floor stratum, in the Alto Cuieiras Biological Reserve (Brazilian Amazon). With a sampling effort of 720 camera-days, we recorded 30 mammal species: nine in canopy strata, 14 in floor strata, and seven in scansorial strata (sharing both strata). On the forest floor, the species with the greatest abundance was Myoprocta acouchy; in the canopy, Isothrix paguros had the greatest abundance; and among the scansorial species, Proechymis sp. was the most abundant. Our results show the differences in mammal diversity between floor and canopy strata; canopy strata contained more small and frugivorous mammals. Although we obtained a relatively low sampling effort with the camera-trap method compared with other studies utilizing different techniques, our results were especially similar to those of previous studies that worked with canopy and floor strata. Thus, camera trap can be very effective for recording short periods of time, and this method is less physically exhaustive and expensive for researchers to study vertical strata.

Resumo O objetivo da presente investigação foi verificar a acurácia diagnóstica da Escala Baptista de Depressão adulto e triagem (EBADEP-A e EBADEP- triagem) para discriminação de pessoas com episódio depressivo maior (EDM) e/ou transtorno depressivo maior (TDM), e comparar suas capacidades discriminativas. Participaram 187 pessoas, 52 pacientes e 135 do grupo não clínico. Os resultados indicaram sensibilidade igual a 0,92 e especificidade igual a 0,88 para a EBADEP-A (ponto de corte igual a 54), e 0,96 e 0,82, respectivamente, para a EBADEP-triagem (ponto de corte igual a 17). Os achados sugerem equivalência entre as duas versões da EBADEP para discriminação de pessoas com EDM e/ou TDM. Os resultados indicam que as duas versões podem fornecer um indicativo diagnóstico correto para EDM e TDM.

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the Baptista Depression Scale adult and screening versions (EBADEP-A and EBADEP-screening) for discrimination of people with a major depressive episode (MDE) or major depressive disorder (MDD) and to compare discriminative capacities. Participants were 187 people, 52 patients, and 135 non-clinical individuals. Results indicated sensitivity equal to 0.92 and specificity equal to 0.88 for EBADEP-A (cut-off = 54), and 0.96 and 0.82, respectively, for EBADEP-screening (cut-off = 17). Findings suggest equivalence between the two versions of EBADEP to discriminate people with MDE or MDD. Results indicate that the two versions can provide a correct diagnostic indicative for MDE and MDD.

Abstract Introduction Research suggests that religiosity domains are associated with mental health constructs. Some studies have focused on the relationship between religiosity and personality disorders. Objective To investigate the relationship between religiosity domains and pathological traits of the borderline (BPD) and schizotypal (SZPD) personality disorders. Methods Participants were 751 adults from the general population who answered the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being (MI-RSWB-E), the Attachment to God Inventory (AGI), and factors of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were conducted with pathological traits as independent variables and religiosity domains as dependent variables. Results Correlation and regression analyses indicated slightly higher associations between religiosity domain and BPD traits in comparison to SZPD traits. BPD traits showed higher associations with the hope immanent, forgiveness and hope transcendent domains, while SZPD presented higher associations with connectedness. The SZPD-related paranormality factor presented the highest correlation observed in the study and was the best SZPD predictor of religiosity domains. The BPD-related hopelessness factor was the predictor with significant contribution to most regression models. BPD traits presented slightly higher average association with religiosity domains, whereas spiritual-related domains (e.g., connectedness) tended to show higher associations with SZPD traits. Conclusions Our findings help explain the relationship between specific pathological traits and religiosity domains.

Abstract Introduction In December 2019, an outbreak of the novel coronavirus, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) probably occurred in Wuhan, China. By March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared a pandemic. Containment measures such as social distancing and hand hygiene were recommended. In this study, we start from the hypothesis that engaging with containment measures in a pandemic situation should be more comfortable for some people than for other people. Thus, individual differences should be associated with engagement with containment measures. Objective To investigate to what extent two personality traits, extroversion and conscientiousness, are associated with engagement with two containment measures (social distancing and handwashing). Methods The sample consisted of 715 Brazilian adults aged 18-78 years, who answered the Big Five Inventory 2 Short (BFI-2-S) and factors from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). Results Higher scores for extroversion were associated with lower means for social distancing (p < 0.001) and higher scores for conscientiousness were associated with higher means for social distancing and handwashing (p < 0.05). Conclusion The findings indicate the importance of acknowledging extroversion and conscientiousness traits as relevant to people’s engagement with the measures recommended for COVID-19 containment.