ABSTRACT Background: The objective of this study was to detect native trees from different flight configurations and smoothing techniques in Canopy Height Models (CHMs) in a native remnant in the municipality of Curitiba, State of Paraná, Brazil. To do so, eight flights were carried out with a Phantom 4, with two flight planning applications (Litchi and Pix4Dcapture) and two flight arrangements (single and double), totaling four flights for each application. All flights were processed using the Pix4Dmapper program. The LiDAR database was obtained with a DJI Matrice 300 system and from this data, the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) of the area was extracted. From the UAV data, the Digital Surface Model (DSM) of each flight was obtained. Subtracting each DSM from the DTM resulted in the CHMs for each UAV flight flown. The CHMs were smoothed with the CHMsmoothing function and three search window sizes were tested (6.5 x 6.5, 8 x 8, and 10 x 10). Results: The results of the ITD approach revealed that in unsmoothed and smoothed CHMs, the search window of size 8 resulted in the best precision metrics, with the highest recall, precision, and F-score values. In the smallest window size, there was the highest number of false positives while in the largest window size, the omitted trees were more representative. Conclusion: The best combination between flight parameters and smoothing techniques was with the Litchi application, with a single flight and 80% lateral and longitudinal overlap, resulting in individuals detected with an F-score of 0.94. Background (CHMs Curitiba Paraná Brazil so 4 Pix4Dcapture PixDcapture Pix Dcapture double, double , double) application PixDmapper Dmapper program 30 data (DTM extracted (DSM flown 6.5 65 6 5 (6. 1 10. . 10) Results metrics recall Fscore F score values representative Conclusion 80 overlap 094 0 94 0.94 3 6. (6 09 9 0.9 ( 0.

Abstract The forest component's growth and production are important to asses the technical feasibility of an integrated livestock production system (iLPF) with native species from the Amazon. The objective of this work was to analyze and select hypsometric and volumetric equations for Dipteryx odorata and analyze its silvicultural development in an iLPF system in the Lower Amazon. Data were collected in the municipality of Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, using dendrometric and qualitative variables from 240 cumaru trees in a 1ha plantation with 9 years of implantation, in a spacing of 5 m x 7 m. Six hypsometric models and nine volumetric models were adjusted. To select each equation, the following criteria were observed: adjusted coefficient of determination (R²aj) standard error of the estimate in percentage (Sxy%) mean percentage deviation (DMP), the significance of the parameters by the t-test, normality of the residuals by the Kolmogorov- Test Smirnov and graphical analysis of percentage residuals. The simple linear model was the most suitable for estimating the volume's total height and the Husch model.

Resumo O crescimento e a produção do componente florestal são importantes para a avaliação da viabilidade técnica em sistema de produção de pecuária integrada (iLPF) com espécies nativas da Amazônia. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar e selecionar equações hipsométricas e volumétricas para Dipteryx odorata e analisar seu desenvolvimento silvicultural em sistema iLPF no Baixo Amazonas. Os dados foram coletados no município de Mojuí dos Campos, Pará, usando variáveis dendrométricas e qualitativas de 240 árvores de cumaru em um plantio de 1ha com 9 anos de implantação, em um espaçamento de 5 m x 7 m. Foram ajustados seis modelos hipsométricos e nove modelos volumétricos. Para selecionar cada equação foram observados os seguintes critérios: coeficiente de determinação ajustado (R²aj) erro padrão da estimativa em porcentagem (Sxy%) desvio médio percentual (DMP), significância dos parâmetros pelo Teste t, normalidade dos resíduos por meio do Teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov e análise gráfica dos resíduos percentuais. O modelo linear simples foi o mais adequado para estimar a altura total e o modelo de Husch para o volume.

Resumo A capacidade de capturar gás carbônico (CO2) da atmosfera e um dos vários serviços ecossistêmicos oferecidos pelas florestas e a espécie Hevea guianensis Aubl. se destaca como potencial sumidouro de CO2. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o potencial de créditos de carbono na madeira de seringueiras em plantios abandonados na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós. Nos anos de 2013 e 2018 foram realizados inventários 100 %, em que se registrou a circunferência e altura das arvores. Calculou-se o carbono fixo (MgC ha-1), o carbono equivalente (CO2 (eq) ha-1) e foi realizada a conversão em créditos por hectare (US$ ha-1), a partir do Sistema Europeu de Negociação de CO2 eq. Em 2013 foram inventariadas 2.965 seringueiras e, em 2018, foram inventariadas 2.927. Apesar da morte de algumas arvores no intervalo de 5 anos, foi estimado um total de 72,3103 MgC ha-1, em 2013, e 73,3708 MgC. ha-1, em 2018, resultando em um incremento corrente anual de 0,2121 MgC.ha-1, reduzindo 0,7777 CO2(eq) ha-1 ano-1, o que possibilitaria uma receita anual de US$ 515,90. Dessa forma, concluiu-se que o potencial de geração de créditos de carbono identificado nos seringais pode agregar valor a floresta, resultando em uma adicional idade a renda da população tradicional, tornando-se um diferencial para a conservação da Unidade de Conservação.

Abstract The capacity to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is one of several ecosystem services offered by forests and the species Hevea guianensis Aubl. stands out as a potential CO2 sink. This study aimed to estimate the carbon credit potential in the wood of rubber trees in abandoned plantings in Tapajos National Forest. In the years 2013 and 2018, 100 % inventories were carried out, in which the circumference and height of the trees were registered. The fixed carbon (MgC ha-1), the equivalent carbon (CO2(eq) ha-1) was calculated and converted into credits per hectare (US$ ha-1) from the European System for the CO2. In 2013, 2,965 rubber trees were registered, and in 2018, 2,927 were inventoried. Despite the death of some trees in the range of 5 years, it was estimated a total of 72.3103 MgC ha-1 in 2013, and 73.3708 MgC ha-1 in 2018, resulting in a current annual increase of 0.2121 MgC ha-1, reducing 0.7777 CO2(eq) ha-1 ano-1, which would make possible an annual revenue of US$ 515.90. Thus, it was concluded that the potential for generating carbon credits identified in the rubber plantations could add value to the forest, resulting in an addition to the income of the traditional population, making it a differential for the conservation of the Conservation Unit.