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Objective: To assess the association between maternal fears about their infant/toddler and depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In 2019, all mothers who gave birth in hospitals in Rio Grande, RS, Brazil were asked to respond to a standardized questionnaire (baseline). We followed them between May-June 2020 (first follow-up point), August-December 2020 (second follow-up point), and from October 2021 to March 2022 (third follow-up point), and asked them if they were: (1) afraid that their infant/toddler would become infected with COVID or get sick (yes/no), (2) afraid that they would contaminate their own child with COVID, and/or (3) worried about the pandemic’s effects on their child’s future. At baseline and at all follow-up points, we assessed depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and anxiety symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, creating symptom trajectories using group-based trajectory modelling. We used multinomial logistic regression to calculate adjusted relative risk ratios (RRR). Results: A total of 1,296 mothers participated. Worrying about the pandemic’s effects on their child’s future and the fear of contaminating their own child with COVID-19 increased the risk of raising depressive symptoms to a clinical level (RRR = 4.97, 95%CI 2.32-10.64 and RRR = 3.87, 95%CI 1.58-9.47, respectively) and anxiety to a moderate level (RRR = 2.91, 95%CI 1.69-5.01 and RRR = 1.86, 95%CI 1.03-3.35, respectively). Conclusion: Fear for their children increased maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms during the pandemic. Objective infanttoddler infant toddler COVID19 19 COVID-1 pandemic Methods 2019 Grande RS baseline. . (baseline) MayJune May June 202 first followup follow up point, point , point) AugustDecember August December second third 1 (1 yes/no, yesno yes/no yes no (yes/no) 2 (2 andor 3 (3 pandemics s childs points groupbased group based modelling RRR. (RRR) Results 1296 296 1,29 participated 497 4 97 4.97 95CI CI 95 2.3210.64 2321064 2.32 10.64 32 10 64 2.32-10.6 387 87 3.87 1.589.47, 158947 1.58 9.47, 58 9 47 1.58-9.47 respectively 291 91 2.91 1.695.01 169501 1.69 5.01 69 5 01 1.69-5.0 186 86 1.86 1.033.35, 103335 1.03 3.35, 03 35 1.03-3.35 respectively. Conclusion COVID1 COVID- 201 (baseline 20 ( (yes/no 129 29 1,2 49 4.9 3210 2.3210.6 232106 232 2.3 1064 10.6 6 2.32-10. 38 8 3.8 589 1.589.47 15894 158 1.5 947 9.47 1.58-9.4 2.9 695 1.695.0 16950 169 1.6 501 5.0 0 1.69-5. 18 1.8 033 1.033.35 10333 103 1.0 335 3.35 1.03-3.3 12 1, 4. 321 2.3210. 23210 23 2. 106 10. 2.32-10 3. 1.589.4 1589 15 1. 94 9.4 1.58-9. 1.695. 1695 16 50 5. 1.69-5 1.033.3 1033 33 3.3 1.03-3. 2.3210 2321 2.32-1 1.589. 9. 1.58-9 1.695 1.69- 1.033. 1.03-3 2.321 2.32- 1.589 1.58- 1.033 1.03-