ABSTRACT The first commercial herbicide-resistant trait in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is known as ‘Imisun’. Imidazolinone resistance in Imisun cultivars has been reported to be genetically controlled by a major gene (known as Imr1 or Ahasl1-1) and modifier genes. Imr1 is an allelic variant of the Ahasl1 locus that codes for the acetohydroxyacid synthase, which is the target site of these herbicides. The mechanism of resistance endowed by modifier genes has not been characterized and it could be related to non-target-site resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) in Imisun resistance. The response to imazapyr herbicide in combination with P450s inhibitor malathion was evaluated in 2 Imisun lines, IMI-1 and RHA426. Malathion reduced herbicide efficacy in both lines, but IMI-1 was affected in a greater extent. A significant reduction in plant growth in response to P450s inhibitors 1-aminobenzotriazole and piperonyl butoxide treatment was detected in the Imisun line HA425. The increased susceptibility to imazapyr after P450s-inhibitor treatment indicates that herbicide metabolism by P450s is a mechanism involved in Imisun resistance. These results also suggest the involvement of different P450s isozymes in endowing resistance to imazapyr in Imisun cultivars.

Road traffic injury surveillance involves methodological difficulties due, among other reasons, to the lack of consensus criteria for case definition. Police records have usually been the main source of information for monitoring traffic injuries, while health system data has hardly been used. Police records usually include comprehensive information on the characteristics of the crash, but often underreport injury cases and do not collect reliable information on the severity of injuries. However, statistics on severe traffic injuries have been based almost exclusively on police data. The aim of this paper is to propose criteria based on medical records to define: a) "Hospital discharge for traffic injuries", b) "Person with severe traffic injury", and c) "Death from traffic injuries" in order to homogenize the use of these sources.

La vigilancia de las lesiones producidas por tráfico comporta numerosas dificultades metodológicas debido, entre otras razones, a la falta de criterios consensuados de definición de caso. Para monitorizar las lesiones por tráfico, habitualmente se han utilizado los registros policiales como fuente principal de información, y en cambio apenas se han utilizado fuentes sanitarias. La fuente de origen policial suele disponer de información exhaustiva sobre las características de la colisión, pero en general infranotifica casos y no recoge información fiable sobre la gravedad de las lesiones. Aun así, las estadísticas de heridos graves se han basado casi exclusivamente en criterios policiales. Esta nota tiene como objetivo proponer criterios para definir, a partir de fuentes sanitarias: a) "Alta hospitalaria por lesiones por tráfico", b) "Persona con lesión grave por tráfico", y c) "Muerte por lesiones por tráfico", con la finalidad de homogeneizar el uso de estas fuentes.

Road traffic injury surveillance involves methodological difficulties due, among other reasons, to the lack of consensus criteria for case definition. Police records have usually been the main source of information for monitoring traffic injuries, while health system data has hardly been used. Police records usually include comprehensive information on the characteristics of the crash, but often underreport injury cases and do not collect reliable information on the severity of injuries. However, statistics on severe traffic injuries have been based almost exclusively on police data. The aim of this paper is to propose criteria based on medical records to define: a) "Hospital discharge for traffic injuries", b) "Person with severe traffic injury", and c) "Death from traffic injuries" in order to homogenize the use of these sources.

La vigilancia de las lesiones producidas por tráfico comporta numerosas dificultades metodológicas debido, entre otras razones, a la falta de criterios consensuados de definición de caso. Para monitorizar las lesiones por tráfico, habitualmente se han utilizado los registros policiales como fuente principal de información, y en cambio apenas se han utilizado fuentes sanitarias. La fuente de origen policial suele disponer de información exhaustiva sobre las características de la colisión, pero en general infranotifica casos y no recoge información fiable sobre la gravedad de las lesiones. Aun así, las estadísticas de heridos graves se han basado casi exclusivamente en criterios policiales. Esta nota tiene como objetivo proponer criterios para definir, a partir de fuentes sanitarias: a) "Alta hospitalaria por lesiones por tráfico", b) "Persona con lesión grave por tráfico", y c) "Muerte por lesiones por tráfico", con la finalidad de homogeneizar el uso de estas fuentes.

This paper is aimed at constructing an algorithm to detect students at high risk for academic failure and at identifying the best preformance predictors. The students that were admitted in the first year at Victoria de Girón Institute of Preclinical Basic Sciences during the course 2001-2002 were characterized according to their preuniversity academic index, roster index, admission test, intelligence test and an indicator of their professional motivation. Classification trees were used to identify the relevant predictors and their optimal cut-off points. A model of ordinal regression was used to evaluate the relative importance of the predictors and to propose the prediction algorithm.Starting only from the roster index, it was obtained a classification procedure that allowed to identify students at the highest risk for academic failure. The cut-offs were 87 and 91 points, which define a trichotomy for the performance prognosis.

El presente trabajo se realizó con el fin de construir un algoritmo para detectar estudiantes con alto riesgo de fracaso académico e identificar los mejores predictores del rendimiento. Se caracterizaron los estudiantes que ingresaron en el primer año en el ICBP "Victoria de Girón" durante el curso 2001-2002 de acuerdo con su índice académico del preuniversitario, índice escalafonario, exámenes de ingreso, prueba de inteligencia y un indicador de su motivación profesional. Se emplearon árboles de clasificación para identificar los predictores relevantes y sus puntos de corte óptimos. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión ordinal para evaluar la importancia relativa de los predictores y proponer el algoritmo de predicción. A partir del índice escalafonario, exclusivamente, se obtuvo un procedimiento de clasificación, que permitió identificar a los estudiantes de mayor riesgo de fracaso académico. Los puntos de corte fueron 87 y 91 puntos, que definen una tricotomía para el pronóstico del rendimiento.