ABSTRACT Grapes for winemaking are harvested in months of high precipitation and temperatures that favor fungal infection. The cycle inversion technique promotes fall-winter harvesting with slower maturation and improved quality. However, the incidence of latent Botrytis cinerea Pers. in the berries and the susceptibility of cultivars under this pruning system have yet to be studied. We evaluated the incidence of latent B. cinerea in grape berries under cycle inversion at pre-ripening and the susceptibility of different cultivars to B. cinerea infection at maturity. The experiment was conducted in a commercial vineyard in São Roque, São Paulo. The red grape cultivars evaluated were Cabernet Franc, Malbec, Syrah, and Marselan, and the white grapes were Viognier and Sauvignon Blanc. The incidence of latent B. cinerea in the berries ranged from 1 % to 33 % in the different cultivars and harvest seasons evaluated. Artificially inoculated B. cinerea (10 5 conidia m L –1 ) did not cause disease in detached, unwounded ripe berries. However, berries from all cultivars showed symptoms of gray mold and signs of the pathogen when artificially inoculated with the same concentration of conidia plus the nutritional contribution of grape juice in a 1:1 ratio. fallwinter fall winter quality However Pers studied B preripening pre ripening maturity Roque Paulo Franc Malbec Syrah Marselan Blanc 3 10 (1 – detached 11 1: ratio (

ABSTRACT. Several diseases are difficult to control specially in subtropical regions and perennial hosts where the pathogen survive easily within the plant. The aim of this study was to identify which pathogens are surviving after end of one season and at the beginning of the next season to inform which pathogens represent potential risk as primary inoculum to the next season. Survival of pathogens on apple tree twigs was evaluated during dormancy and on beginning of vegetative growth in four orchards located in the two main apple production regions: Palmas and metropolitan region of Curitiba, in Paraná State, Brazil. For this purpose, 10 cm long asymptomatic twigs were collected from 10 randomly selected plants, 24 twigs per plant. Half of the twigs were left directly (without disinfection) in humid chambers for 30 days at 25ºC. The other half of the twigs were disinfected and kept in a freezer for 12 hours at -16ºC by the Over Night Freezing Incubation Technique (Onfit) and then kept in a humid chamber for 30 days at 25ºC. The fungi Colletotrichum sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Alternaria sp., and Fusarium sp. were detected in the two sampled dates and methodologies in all evaluated regions. Neonectria ditissima was only detected in both orchards from Palmas. The genera found surviving on twigs were confirmed molecularly by BLASTn and were pathogenic in wounded fruits from the cultivar ‘Gala’. Our results indicate that pathogens are surviving in orchards after winter treatment and throughout the apple season, being potential sources of inoculum for infections in flowers and fruits, where the pathogens detected cause important diseases as bitter rot, Neonectria fruit rot, white and black rots, and possibly cause Alternaria and Fusarium rots which have not been extensively studied in Brazil.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o período de florescimento e as características físicas e químicas de frutos de pessegueiro, visando a encontrar aqueles mais promissores para a diversificação da persicultura na região metropolitana de Curitiba. Foram avaliados 8 seleções e três cultivares em Porto Amazonas e 10 cultivares em Araucária, quanto ao período de florescimento, frutificação efetiva, diâmetro e altura dos frutos, massa média de frutos, coloração da epiderme, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação SS/AT, potencial hidrogeniônico (pH). O período de floração ocorreu entre o final de junho e o final de setembro, com variação de 16 a 25 dias. A taxa de frutificação efetiva foi maior que 50% para ‘Cascata 1513’, ‘Cascata 1429’, ‘Cascata 1577’, ‘Cascata 1743 e para todas as cultivares avaliadas em Araucária. Verificaram-se diferenças significativas para as demais variáveis avaliadas. Concluiu-se que em Araucária ‘Charme’ e ‘Chimarrita’ continuam sendo boas opções de plantio na região, têm a mesma duração do ciclo (111 dias), sendo ‘Charme’ um pouco mais tardio. Além desses, ‘Douradão’ e ‘Rubimel’ apresentaram bom tamanho de fruto, melhor balanço entre sólidos solúveis e acidez moderada e são mais precoces que as anteriores. ‘PS 25399’ é o cultivar mais precoce entre todas as avaliadas e apresenta epiderme avermelhada de grande interesse do consumidor. Em Porto Amazonas, as seleções e cultivares testadas produziram poucos frutos e de tamanho pequeno, sendo necessário mais estudo para recomendação nesta área.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the flowering period and the physicochemical characteristics of peaches, aiming to find those most promising for the diversification of the peach crop in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Paraná State. We evaluated 8 selections and three cultivars in Porto Amazonas and 10 cultivars in Araucaria for flowering period, fruit set, diameter and height of fruit, average fruit weight, the skin color, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio SS/ TA, hydrogen potential (pH). The flowering period occurred between late June and late September ranging from 16 to 25 days. The fruit set rate was greater than 50% for ‘Cascata 1513’, ‘Cascata 1429’, ‘Cascata 1577’, ‘Cascata 1743’ and for all cultivars in Araucaria. There were significant differences for the other variables assessed. It was concluded that in Araucária, ‘Charme’ and ‘Chimarrita’ are good planting options, have the same duration of the cycle (111 days), being ‘Charme’ a little later. Besides these, ‘Douradão’ and ‘Rubimel’ have good fruit size, moderate acidity and best SS/TA ratio, being earlier than the previous ones. ‘PS 25399’ is the earliest and showed reddish epidermis and great consumer interest. In Porto Amazonas, selections and cultivars tested produced little fruit of small size, being required more studies to be recommended in these area.