ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Delirium is an acute mental status change, with fluctuating course and high incidence in cardiac surgery (CS) post-operative (PO) period. Delirium can lead to short and long-term consequences. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of delirium and pain and their risk factors on the 1st PO day after CS. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analytical research. To determine the presence of PO delirium, the Confusion Assessment Method modified for Intensive Care Unit setting (CAM-ICU) and the Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) were used. PO pain was analyzed using the Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS) and the presence of neuropathic components was analyzed using the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) scale. After bedside analysis, patients were divided into Delirium (D) and Without Delirium (WD) groups. RESULTS: The total number of patients was 79. The prevalence of delirium was 16.5% (95% CI = 9.06 - 26.49%) and the mean number of comorbidities in the preoperative period was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of delirium (D =4.15±2.37 versus WD=2.96±1.78, p: 0.04). Another significant risk factor was the group older than 65 years of age, with the occurrence of delirium 1.45 times higher (PR=1.12-1.88, p: 0.0014). Regarding pain evaluation, 72.15% (95% CI 60.93 - 81.65%) reported it in the 1st PO day. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of delirium was similar to previous studies. The number of previous comorbidities and advanced age were risk factors for delirium. Pain was present predominantly over the sternotomy incision region.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Delirium é uma alteração aguda do estado mental, com curso flutuante e alta incidência no pós-operatório (PO) de cirurgia cardíaca (CC). O delirium pode levar a consequências a curto e longo prazo. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência de delirium e dor e seus fatores de risco no 1º dia PO após CC. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico. Para determinar delirium no PO, foram utilizados o Confusion Assessment Method modificado para ambiente de Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (CAM-UTI) e a Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS). A dor PO foi analisada por meio da Escala Analógica Visual (EAV) e a presença de componentes neuropáticos foi analisada por meio da Escala de Avaliação de Sintomas e Sinais Neuropáticos de Leeds (LANSS). Após análise, os pacientes foram divididos nos grupos Delirium (D) e Sem Delirium (SD). RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 79 pacientes. A prevalência de delirium foi de 16,5% (IC 95%=9,06-26,49%) e o número médio de comorbidades no pré-operatório foi um fator de risco significativo para a ocorrência de delirium (D=4,15±2,37 versus SD=2,96±1,78, p: 0,04). Outro fator de risco foi o grupo com mais de 65 anos, com ocorrência de delirium 1,45 vezes maior (RP=1,12-1,88, p: 0,0014). Em relação à avaliação da dor, 72,15% (IC 95% 60,93-81,65%) a relataram no 1º dia PO. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de delirium foi semelhante à de estudos anteriores. O número de comorbidades prévias e a idade avançada foram fatores de risco para delirium. A dor estava presente predominantemente na região da incisão da esternotomia.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A persistência da dor na região torácica no pós-operatório é muito comum com analgesia convencional realizada apenas com opioides, o que prolonga a recuperação, aumentando os gastos e a morbidade. O bloqueio do plano eretor da espinha é uma técnica promissora no controle analgésico no pós-operatório das cirurgias cardíacas. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever um caso em que o bloqueio do plano eretor da espinha propiciou adequado controle analgésico pós-operatório. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 61 anos, submetido à cirurgia cardíaca eletiva de aneurismectomia do ventrículo esquerdo e revascularização do miocárdio. No primeiro dia de pós-operatório apresentou dor de intensidade 8 pela escala analógica visual em hemitórax esquerdo. Foi submetido ao bloqueio do plano eretor da espinha com cateter locado em T5 guiado por ultrassom com agulha Tuohy 17G e injeção de 20mL de ropivacaína a 0,5%, propiciando importante diminuição e melhora da expansibilidade pulmonar. CONCLUSÃO: O bloqueio do plano eretor da espinha promoveu analgesia adequada, sendo considerado como uma boa opção terapêutica.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Persistence of pain in the postoperative thoracic region is very common with conventional analgesia performed only with opioids, which prolongs recovery, increasing costs and morbidity. Erector spinae plane blockage is a promising technique for the analgesic control in the postoperative period of cardiac surgeries. The purpose of this study was to describe a case in which erector spinae plane blockage provided adequate postoperative analgesic control. CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old male patient submitted to elective cardiac surgery for left ventricular aneurysmectomy and coronary artery bypass grafting. On the first postoperative day presented pain of intensity 8 on the visual analog scale in the left hemithorax. The patient underwent erector spinae plane blockage with a catheter located at T5 guided by ultrasound with a 17G Tuohy needle and injection of 20mL of 0.5% ropivacaine providing important decrease and improvement of pulmonary expansibility. CONCLUSION: Erector spinae plane blockage provided adequate analgesia and was considered a good therapeutic option.

Introduction and objective: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic condition that alters the conformation of deoxygenated red blood cells, which results in their stiffening and the occurrence of vaso-occlusive crises, endothelium damage, organ dysfunction and systemic complications. Additionally, SCA limits the participation of individuals in physical and social activities. As we consider that physical exercise promotes the recovery of functional capacity and cardiorespiratory conditioning, we aim to verify the patterns of prescription, the effects and safety of exercise for individuals with SCA. Methodology: We systematically reviewed the published literature focusing on clinical trials that correlated physical exercise with SCA patients and cross-sectional studies that applied the stress test. The data research was based on the PRISMA recommendations and the following databases were used: Medline by PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, Scielo. Results: Six studies which were based on the evaluation of 212 patients aged between 13 and 40 years, were selected from 122 identified studies. Those studies associated the individual effort tolerance improvement, its inflammatory profile adjustment and the absence of alteration in the autonomic nervous system activity to physical exercise or stress test. Conclusion: Low-to-moderate intensity physical exercise increased the SCA individual tolerance without causing vaso-occlusive crises, nor changes in the hemorheological and inflammatory profiles.

Abstract Introduction: The delayed extubation of patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery (CS) is associated with mortality. The adoption of spinal anesthesia (SA) combined with general anesthesia in CS influences the orotracheal intubation time (OIT). This study aims to verify if the adoption of SA reduces the time of MV after CS, compared to general anesthesia (GA) alone. Methods: Two hundred and seventeen CS patients were divided into two groups. The GA group included 108 patients (age: 56±1 years, 66 males) and the SA group included 109 patients (age: 60±13 years, 55 males). Patients were weaned from MV and, after clinical evaluation, extubated. Results: In the SA group, considering a 13-month period, 24% of the patients were extubated in the operating room (OR), compared to 10% in the GA group (P=0.00). The OIT was lower in the SA group than in the GA group (SA: 4.4±5.9 hours vs. GA: 6.0±5.6 hours, P=0.04). In July/2017, where all surgeries were performed in the GA regimen, only 7.1% of the patients were extubated in the OR. In July/2018, 94% of the surgeries were performed under SA, and 64.7% of the patients were extubated in the OR (P=0.00). The OIT on arrival at the intensive care unit to extubation, comparing July/2017 to July/2018, was 5.3±5.3 hours in the GA group vs. 1.7±3.9 hours in the SA group (P=0.04). Conclusion: The adoption of SA in CS increased the frequency of extubations in the OR and decreased OIT and MV time.

OBJETIVOS: 1) Evidenciar a perda de capacidade ventilatória no período de pós-operatório, em pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio. 2) Testar a hipótese de que o treinamento muscular respiratório (TMR), realizado após a cirurgia, pode melhorar a capacidade ventilatória nessa população. MÉTODOS: Estudo randomizado, onde 38 pacientes (idade: 65 ± 7 anos, 29 masculinos), submetidos à revascularização miocárdica com circulação extracorpórea, foram divididos em dois grupos: 23 pacientes no grupo TMR e 15 no grupo controle (CO). O grupo TMR realizou fisioterapia convencional + TMR, o grupo CO realizou apenas fisioterapia convencional. Avaliaram-se, em três momentos (pré-operatório, primeiro dia de pós-operatório e alta hospitalar), as variáveis: pressões inspiratória e expiratória máximas (Pimáx e Pemáx), dor, dispneia (Borg), pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE), volume corrente e dias de internação. RESULTADOS: A Pimáx do grupo TMR foi maior no momento da alta (90 ± 26 vs. 55 ± 38 cmH2O, P=0,01), assim como a Pemáx (99 ± 30 vs. 53 ± 26 cmH2O, P=0,02). O PFE do grupo TMR foi maior após a internação (237 ± 93 vs. 157 ± 102 lpm, P=0,02). O volume corrente dos grupos foi também diferente no momento da alta (TMR: 0,71 ± 0,21 vs. CO: 0,44 ± 0,12 litros, P=0,00). Não houve diferenças entre os grupos com relação aos dias de internação, dispneia ou dor. CONCLUSÕES: Ocorre perda de força muscular respiratória em pacientes submetidos à revascularização miocárdica. O TMR, realizado no período pós-operatório, foi eficaz em restaurar os seguintes parâmetros: Pimáx, Pemáx, PFE e volume corrente, nessa população.

OBJECTIVES: 1) To demonstrate the impaired ventilatory capacity during the post operatory period, in patients submitted to coronary arterial bypass graft surgery (CABG). 2) To test the hypothesis that the respiratory muscle training (RMT), performed after the surgery, may increase the ventilatory capacity in this population. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients (age: 65±7 years, 29 male), whose underwent CABG with extra-corporeal circulation. Patients were randomized in two groups: 23 patients in the RMT group and 15 in the control group (CO). RMT group received conventional physiotherapy plus RMT. The CO group received the conventional physiotherapy. Evaluated parameters: maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP) (MEP), dyspnea (Borg), peak expiratory flow (PEF), pain, tidal volume and hospitalization days. Measures were performed at pre, first post operatory day and also at the patients discharge from the hospital). RESULTS: MIP and MEP in the RMT group were higher when compared with CO at the patients discharge (MIP: 90±26 vs. 55±38 cmH2O, P=0.01) (MEP: 99±30 vs. 53±26 cmH2O, P=0.02). The PEF was higher after hospitalization in the RMT group (237±93 vs. 157±102 lpm, P=0.02). Tidal volume was also higher in the RMT group at discharge (0.71±0.21 vs. 0.44±0.12 liters, P=0,00). No differences were observed among the groups in the aspects: admission days, dyspnea and pain. CONCLUSIONS: Patients submitted to CABG presents an impaired respiratory muscle strength in their post operatory. RMT performed in this phase was effective to restore the ventilatory capacity in the following parameters: MIP, MEP, PEF and tidal volume, in this group of patients.