Resumo Objetivou analisar o conhecimento e a atitude das gestantes de alto risco sobre a zika. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo, com amostra de 201 gestantes de alto risco, que realizam pré-natal no Ambulatório Médico de Especialidades. Aplicou-se um instrumento auto administrado, aplicados após a consulta com o médico. Os critérios de inclusão utilizados foram a presença das gestantes no dia da entrevista e seu consentimento de participação. Os de exclusão as que não aceitaram participar e não estarem realizando o pré natal no período do estudo. Para análise de dados, utilizou-se qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, nos softwares Epi info 7.1 e Bioestat 5.0. Das gestantes, 76% acreditavam que, em seu bairro, é provável a infecção pelo vírus e utilizam medidas para controlar a proliferação do mosquito, como não deixar água parada (n = 154). Em relação ao conhecimento, houve associação entre a zika e a microcefalia (p ≤ 0,0001) e o apontamento da necessidade de mais informações (p = 0,0439). Para impedir o contágio, 76% não tomaram nenhuma atitude; houve, ainda, associação entre a necessidade de conhecimento sobre o assunto e as ações realizadas no combate ao vírus (p = 0,0049). Conclui-se que o conhecimento e a atitude das gestantes sobre a zika é falho.

Abstract Objective was to analyze the knowledge and attitude of high risk pregnant women about zika. This is a cross-sectional study, quantitative, with a sample of 201 high risk women who perform prenatal the Ambulatory Medical Specialties. A self-administered instrument, was applied after consultation with the doctor. Inclusion criteria were the presence of pregnant women on the day of the interview and their consent to participate. Exclusion criteria were those who did not agree to participate and were not performing prenatal care during the study period. For the data analysis we used chi square and fisher exact, in software Epi info 7.1 and Bioestat 5.0. Of the pregnant women, 76% believed that their neighborhood was likely to be infected by the virus and used measures to control mosquito proliferation, such as not leaving standing water (n = 154). In relation to knowledge, there was an association between Zika and microcephaly (p≤ 0.0001) and the need for more information (p = 0.0439). To prevent infection, 76% took no action, there was an association between the need for knowledge about the subject and the actions taken to combat the virus (p = 0.0049). We conclude that pregnant women’s knowledge and attitude about zika is failed.

Resumo Objetivou analisar o conhecimento e a atitude das gestantes de alto risco sobre a zika. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo, com amostra de 201 gestantes de alto risco, que realizam pré-natal no Ambulatório Médico de Especialidades. Aplicou-se um instrumento auto administrado, aplicados após a consulta com o médico. Os critérios de inclusão utilizados foram a presença das gestantes no dia da entrevista e seu consentimento de participação. Os de exclusão as que não aceitaram participar e não estarem realizando o pré natal no período do estudo. Para análise de dados, utilizou-se qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher, nos softwares Epi info 7.1 e Bioestat 5.0. Das gestantes, 76% acreditavam que, em seu bairro, é provável a infecção pelo vírus e utilizam medidas para controlar a proliferação do mosquito, como não deixar água parada (n = 154). Em relação ao conhecimento, houve associação entre a zika e a microcefalia (p ≤ 0,0001) e o apontamento da necessidade de mais informações (p = 0,0439). Para impedir o contágio, 76% não tomaram nenhuma atitude; houve, ainda, associação entre a necessidade de conhecimento sobre o assunto e as ações realizadas no combate ao vírus (p = 0,0049). Conclui-se que o conhecimento e a atitude das gestantes sobre a zika é falho.

Abstract Objective was to analyze the knowledge and attitude of high risk pregnant women about zika. This is a cross-sectional study, quantitative, with a sample of 201 high risk women who perform prenatal the Ambulatory Medical Specialties. A self-administered instrument, was applied after consultation with the doctor. Inclusion criteria were the presence of pregnant women on the day of the interview and their consent to participate. Exclusion criteria were those who did not agree to participate and were not performing prenatal care during the study period. For the data analysis we used chi square and fisher exact, in software Epi info 7.1 and Bioestat 5.0. Of the pregnant women, 76% believed that their neighborhood was likely to be infected by the virus and used measures to control mosquito proliferation, such as not leaving standing water (n = 154). In relation to knowledge, there was an association between Zika and microcephaly (p≤ 0.0001) and the need for more information (p = 0.0439). To prevent infection, 76% took no action, there was an association between the need for knowledge about the subject and the actions taken to combat the virus (p = 0.0049). We conclude that pregnant women’s knowledge and attitude about zika is failed.

ABSTRACT Hepatitis B is a severe public health problem. The main world health centers have discussed it due to its pandemic proportion, high pathogenicity and infectivity. This study aimed to determine the immunization profile of dental surgeons - against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the Public Health System (PHS) through the detection of anti-HBsAg antibodies by immunochromatography and associations with dental surgeons’ social and educational profile, factors related to professional knowledge and practices. This is a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of vaccination and immune status to HBV in dentists of Sao Paulo State PHS. Data collection occurred in three stages: questionnaire application, analysis of adhesion to the vaccination protocol and anti-HBsAg tests. Statistical analysis used the Bivariate Analysis and the Binary Logistic Regression. From the total of 219 interviewees, 74.9% reported having received three doses of the vaccine, but 35.6% were not immune to HBV. The dependent variable was associated with years in the public service (years) (OR [Odds Ratio]=1.04; 95% CI 1.00-1.08); knowledge on the subject (OR=6.93; 95% CI 1.39-34.40); incorrect answer concerning the etiological agent of the disease (OR=2.60; 95% CI 1.30-5.22); ignorance on the number of vaccine doses that have been administered (OR=3.43; 95% CI 1.14-10.30); and less than three doses of the vaccine in the immunization schedule (OR=8.76; 95% CI 3.50-21.91). A considerable portion of professionals non-immune to the HBV were found. We concluded that knowledge, years of practice and completion of the vaccination schedule (three doses) affected dental surgeons’ immune status to HBV.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study assessed the quality of life (QoL) of people with HIV/AIDS. METHODS: This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted at a specialized HIV/AIDS health facility of the Brazilian Public Health Service. Data were collected using the HIV/AIDS-Targeted Quality of Life (HAT-QoL) instrument. RESULTS: The study included 109 participants. Among the many significant statistical associations found in the study, the variables that had a greater effect on the domains assessed by the instrument were educational level, occupation, financial situation, ethnicity, and symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS: Sociodemographic factors and HIV/AIDS-related aspects were influential in the QoL of people living with HIV/AIDS.

Resumen Introducción: El estilo de vida es un factor relacionado con el bienestar del individuo que altera su morbimortalidad. Objetivo: Analizar el estilo de vida de jóvenes que ingresaron al programa de odontología en 2015 y su asociación con factores sociodemográficos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal con 114 estudiantes de primer año de odontología. Los datos se recolectaron con dos instrumentos: Perfil del Estilo de Vida Individual (PEVI) que evalúa: nutrición, actividad física, comportamiento preventivo, relacionamiento social y control del estrés; y un cuestionario validado que incluye: variables sociodemográficas, condición laboral y la salida de casa en razón del ingreso en la enseñanza superior. Se aplicaron pruebas estadísticas de razón de máxima verosimilitud y U de Mann-Withney, considerando una significancia α=0,05. Resultados: La mayoría de participantes fueron mujeres, con edad media de 20,06 (±2,65) y 18,96 (±1,78) años en los cursos nocturno y diurno, respectivamente. El 81,57%, salieron de casa para ingresar a la universidad y 7% realizaban una actividad remunerada. Presentaron un perfil de estilo de vida poco deseable en relación con la nutrición, actividad física y control de estrés; la nutrición se vio influenciada por el perfil socioeconómico (p=0,014). El consumo de alcohol-tabaco (p=0,017) y tiempo dedicado al descanso (p=0,018), fueron significativamente mayores en estudiantes de jornada nocturna. Conclusión: El estilo de vida de los jóvenes que ingresaron a odontología no era el deseable. Vivir lejos de los padres y la dependencia financiera de los estudiantes son factores que afectan su estilo de vida.

Abstract Introduction: Lifestyle is a factor related to the wellbeing of the individual which alters his or her morbidity and mortality. Objective: To analyze the lifestyle of young people who entered the dentistry program in 2015 and its association with demographic factors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted with 114 first-year dental students. The data were collected with two instruments: Individual Lifestyle profile (ILP) which evaluated nutrition, physical activity, preventative behavior, social relationship and stress control; and a validated questionnaire that included sociodemographic variables, working condition and the departure from home on the basis of entering higher education. Maximum likelihood statistical tests and U of Mann-Withney were applied, considering a significance α = 0.05. Results: The majority of participants were women with an average age of 20.06 (± 2.65) and 18.96 (± 1.78) in the night and day courses, respectively. 81.57%, left home to enter the university and 7% carried out a paid activity. They presented an undesirable lifestyle profile in relation to nutrition, physical activity and stress control. Nutrition was influenced by the socioeconomic profile (p = 0.014). The consumption of alcohol and tobacco (p = 0.017) and the time dedicated to rest (p = 0.018) were significantly higher in students of in the night program. Conclusion: The lifestyle of young people who entered dentistry was not the desirable one. Living away from parents and the financial dependency of students are factors that affect their lifestyle.

AIM: To determine the association between dental caries, Body Mass Index (BMI) and sugar intake in children attending primary school. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 91 children, with mean age of 3.9 years (sd = ±1.0), considering anthropometric measurements, according to standardized methodology of the Ministry of Health and occurrence of dental caries was recorded from clinical examinations (dmft). The sugar intake level was measured with a questionnaire that was applied to parents/caretakers of the children. The association of the variables was checked using a correlation with the Contingency C coefficient test. RESULTS: 33 (36.3%) children were at risk for overweight, overweight or obese. Of these, 10 (30.3%) had dmft >1. An association was found between sugar added to the bottle and child dmft (coeff. C = 0.5853 and p <0.0001) and also with BMI (coeff. C = 0.5693 and p <0.0001). There was no association between BMI and caries (chi-square = 0.1447 and p-value = 0.7036). CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that there was a correlation between sugar intake and dmft and BMI, but not between caries and BMI.

Este estudo transversal e descritivo objetivou verificar a prevalência de hábitos de sucção em pré-escolares e a percepção dos pais sobre a relação com a ocorrência de maloclusões. A população do estudo constituiu-se por uma amostra representativa de pais de pré-escolares de 4 meses a 6 anos de idade. Utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado, composto por questões abertas e fechadas, referentes à frequência e conhecimentos dos pais frente aos hábitos de sucção não nutritivos. Dos 356 participantes da pesquisa, 70,8% afirmaram que as crianças apresentavam algum hábito bucal, sendo a sucção de chupeta o mais frequente (45,6%). Apesar da grande maioria dos pesquisados (97,1%) relatarem saber que os hábitos podiam causar prejuízo aos dentes, 70,2% deles já haviam oferecido chupeta à criança, na maioria das vezes para acalmá-la (61,8%). Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a oferta da chupeta à criança e o conhecimento sobre a relação da presença de hábitos não nutritivos e a ocorrência de maloclusão (p < 0,0001 e Qui-quadrado = 60,123). A prevalência de hábitos bucais na população estudada é alta e, apesar da maioria dos pais saberem que o hábito de sucção de chupeta pode causar danos à saúde bucal, ofertavam a chupeta a fim de acalmar a criança.

This cross-sectional and descriptive study sought to verify the prevalence of sucking habits in preschoolers and their parents' perception of its relationship with the occurrence of malocclusion. The population consisted of a representative sample of parents of preschoolers aged between 4 months and 6 years old. A semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire was used, consisting of open and closed questions relating to frequency of use and knowledge of parents regarding non-nutritive sucking habits. Of the 356 respondents, 70.8% stated that the children had some oral habit, with pacifier sucking being the most frequent (45.6%). Although the majority (97.1%) of the parents or caregivers admitted being aware that these habits could be detrimental to teeth, 70.2% of the respondents had already offered a pacifier to children, in most cases to calm them (61.8%). There was a statistically significant association between offering a pacifier to a child and knowledge about the relationship of the existence of non-nutritive habits and the occurrence of malocclusion (p <0.0001 and Chi-square = 60.123). The conclusion is that the prevalence of oral habits of the population is high and, despite the majority of parents knowing that pacifier sucking can cause damage to oral health, they offer them to calm the child.

The relationship between mother and child in the context of oral health has traditionally been exposed by the scientific literature in microbiology, which lacks a broad and necessary discussion of health and illness seen as processes, both biological and social. Objective: Investigate the family social determinants associated with the caries history of children and the need for dental treatment (NDT) among their mothers was the objective of this study. Material and methods: This research employed a cross-sectional study of mother-child pairs living in southern Brazil. Data collection occurred in public institutions of early childhood education. The instruments included a structured questionnaire administered to mothers and clinical oral examinations of the mothers and children. The social variables considered were marital status, maternal education, number of children, income, employment status, and frequency of visits to a dental professional. The measured outcomes were the maternal NDT and child caries history. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test (χ2) and by discriminant analysis. Results: The final sample consisted of 272 mother-child pairs and it was found that the greatest need for treatment was among mothers with low educational level and low family income who rarely or never visited a dentist. Tooth decay was less frequent in only child, and most frequent in children of mothers with low educational attainment, and in children in lower income households who rarely or never visited the dentist. The social determinants of caries in children and of the maternal NDT were similar. It follows that the maternal NDT and caries history among children were strongly associated with maternal education (p<0.0001), household income (p<0.0001), and frequency of visits to a dental professional (0.0018). Caries history among children was also associated with number of children in the household (p<0.0001). Conclusions: The results suggest that the caries experience in children depended less on the family social variables than on the maternal NDT.