Abstract This aim of this study was to characterize five varieties of avocado for their proximal composition, physical properties, fatty acids composition, antioxidant capacity, carotenoids and minerals. Quintal variety presented the best result for total lipids, physical properties, carotenoids and minerals. All the varieties presented a predominance of monounsaturated fatty acids (60%). The major monounsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid. Among the varieties analyzed, Breda variety had greater activity results for FRAP (145%) and DPPH (1.1200 µmol TE/g) assays, Quintal had higher values for ABTS analysis, Ouro Verde presented better results for ORAC assay (23%), and Margarida had the best result for L-ORAC analysis (200 µmol ET/g).

Abstract The present work aimed at studying the effect of different drying methods applied to tilapia byproducts (heads, viscera and carcasses) fed with flaxseed, verifying the contents of omega-3 fatty acids. Two diets were given to the tilapia: a control and a flaxseed formulation, over the course of 60 days. After this period, they were slaughtered and their byproducts (heads, viscera and carcasses) were collected. These fish parts were analyzed in natura, lyophilized and oven dried. Byproducts from tilapia fed with flaxseed presented docosapentaenoic, eicopentaenoic and docosahexanoic fatty acids as a result of the enzymatic metabolism of the fish. The byproducts from the oven drying process had lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the multivariate analysis, the byproducts from fish fed with flaxseed had a greater composition of fatty acids. The addition of flaxseed in fish diets, as well as the utilization of their byproducts, may become a good business strategy. Additionally, the byproducts may be dried to facilitate transport and storage.

RESUMO O feijão adzuki consiste de pequenos grãos de cor vermelha, ricos em diversos nutrientes essenciais e que são utilizados em pratos tradicionais na Ásia e, atualmente têm várias aplicações ao redor do mundo. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar os cultivares angularis e niponensis produzidas na região sul do Brasil. Ambas os cultivares apresentaram valores de composição proximal similares aos encontrados na literatura e os ácidos graxos majoritários foram 18:2n-6, 16:0 e 18:3n-3. Todas as amostras apresentaram prevalência de ácidos graxos poli-insaturados, bem como razões e índices nutricionais adequados. Os grãos apresentaram teores significativos de tocoferóis e atividade de vitamina E, resultando em alta contribuição para a ingestão de referência diária. Concentrações de ferro, manganês e zinco também foram importantes, em razão das suas funções como cofatores em reações metabólicas. Compostos fenólicos e flavonoides corroboraram com outros estudos e contribuíram para atividade antioxidante. A análise multivariada de componentes principais permitiu distinguir as cultivares, e os dois componentes principais selecionados puderam explicar 92,28% da variância total dos dados.

ABSTRACT Azuki beans are small red grains rich in several essential nutrients used in traditional dishes in Asia that, nowadays present many applications around the world. This work aimed at evaluating angularis and niponensis cultivars from south region of Brazil. Both cultivars presented proximal composition similar to literature and the majority fatty acids were 18:2n-6, 16:0 and 18:3n-3. All samples showed polyunsatured fatty acids prevalence and nutritional indices and ratios considered adequate for biological system maintenance of a healthy organism. The grains presented significant contents of tocopherols and vitamin E activity, resulting in a high contribution to the dietary reference intake. Significant contents of iron, manganese and zinc were also found in the azuki beans, and they are very important mainly due to their function as cofactors in metabolic reactions. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids corroborated with other studies and contributed to the antioxidant activity. The principal components multivariate analysis allowed distinguishing the cultivars, and the two principal components could explain 92.28% of data variance.

This study evaluated the effect of adding flaxseed flour to the diet of Nile tilapia on the fatty acid composition of fillets using chemometrics. A traditional and an experimental diet containing flaxseed flour were used to feed the fish for 60 days. An increase of 18:3 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 and a decrease of 18:2 n-6 were observed in the tilapia fillets fed the experimental diet. There was a reduction in the n-6:n-3 ratio. A period of 45 days of incorporation caused a significant change in tilapia chemical composition. Principal Component Analysis showed that the time periods of 45 and 60 days positively contributed to the total content of n-3, LNA, and DHA, highlighting the effect of omega-3 incorporation in the treatment containing flaxseed flour.

Barras alimentícias são muito consumidas, especialmente por sua praticidade; no entanto apresentam baixos teores de nutrientes essenciais e, em sua maioria, não podem ser ingeridas por pessoas celíacas. O objetivo deste estudo foi o desenvolvimento, avaliação físico-química, nutricional e sensorial de barras alimentícias sem glúten contendo amaranto e linhaça. As barras alimentícias formuladas não apresentaram frações de glúten. Os teores de proteína bruta e lipídios totais variaram entre 68,32-76,60 e 74,56-82,06 g kg-1 de alimento, respectivamente. As razões entre ácidos graxos poli-insaturados/saturados e n-6:n-3 variaram de 0,45:1 para 0,55:1 e 1,44:1 para 2,50:1, respectivamente. Os principais minerais foram o cálcio, magnésio, cobre, ferro, manganês e zinco. Aplicação de análise multivariada permitiu diferenciar a amostra B das demais em relação ao seu conteúdo mineral e teor de ácido alfa-linolênico. Todas as barras formuladas tiveram boa aceitação sensorial e intenção de compra elevada.

Food bars are consumed heavily, especially because of their practicality; however they cannot be ingested by celiac patients and present low contents of essential nutrients. The goal of this study was the development and physical-chemical, nutritional and sensory evaluation of a gluten-free food bar containing amaranth and linseed. Gluten fractions were not detected in the food bar formulations. Crude protein and total lipid contents ranged from 68.32 to 76.60 and 74.56 to 82.06 g kg-1 of food, respectively. The polyunsaturated/saturated and n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratios ranged from 0.45:1 to 0.55:1 and 1.44:1 to 2.50:1, respectively. Calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese and zinc were the principal minerals. Application of multivariate analysis enabled sample B to be distinguished according to its mineral and alfa-linolenic acid content. All food bar formulations had good sensory acceptance and high purchase intent.

This study developed a gluten-free granola and evaluated it during storage with the application of multivariate and regression analysis of the sensory and instrumental parameters. The physicochemical, sensory, and nutritional characteristics of a product containing quinoa, amaranth and linseed were evaluated. The crude protein and lipid contents ranged from 97.49 and 122.72 g kg-1 of food, respectively. The polyunsaturated/saturated, and n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratios ranged from 2.82 and 2.59:1, respectively. Granola had the best alpha-linolenic acid content, nutritional indices in the lipid fraction, and mineral content. There were good hygienic and sanitary conditions during storage; probably due to the low water activity of the formulation, which contributed to inhibit microbial growth. The sensory attributes ranged from 'like very much' to 'like slightly', and the regression models were highly fitted and correlated during the storage period. A reduction in the sensory attribute levels and in the product physical stabilisation was verified by principal component analysis. The use of the affective test acceptance and instrumental analysis combined with statistical methods allowed us to obtain promising results about the characteristics of gluten-free granola.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in fillets of pacu fish raised in net cages and fed diets enriched with these acids. The fish were fed for 49 days, and at the end of this period the fatty acid content in the fillets was determined by gas chromatography. Concentrations of α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and the total omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid in the fillets increased, improving the n-6/n-3 ratio. In addition, the incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid in the fish fillets proved well established. This study showed that the use of diets enriched with conjugated linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid results in the incorporation of these acids in the of pacu fish fillets, improving their nutritional quality.

The objective of this study was to investigate the fatty acid composition of Pimedolus maculatus fillets of fish fed with different diets. The fish were submitted to an adaptation period (over 30 days) and fed only a control diet (diet I). After this period, the fish were divided into two groups: one group received a diet enriched with flaxseed oil (diet II), and the other received a diet enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (diet III). Subsequent collections were undertaken after 25 and 50 days. Compared to the control samples, fish fed diet II showed an increase in concentrations of total fatty acid omega-3 (n-3) in the fillets, with an improvement ratio of n-6/n-3. The incorporation of CLA into fish fed diet III was successful. Supplementing the diet of Pimedolus maculatus with CLA and flaxseed oil led to improvements in nutritional quality and fatty acid profile of the fish fillets.

This study evaluated the fatty acid quantification, proximate and amino acid compositions, antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds, vitamin E, and mineral contents of new amaranth (BRS Alegria) and quinoa (BRS Piabiru) cultivars which were produced in order to adapt these pseudocereals to the climatic conditions of central-western Brazil. They showed superior levels of protein and total lipids in comparison to their native counterparts. The lipid profile of the amaranth BRS Alegria was revealed to be better than those of other native cultivars. Quinoa BRS Piabiru presented a higher antioxidant capacity and phenolic content than the studied amaranth cultivar, but lower contents of tocopherols. All of the obtained results confirm that these new grains possess an overall amount of nutritional compounds that is better than those reported for many native counterparts of the studied samples. The employed analytical methods in this work contributed to a better understanding of the quinoa BRS Piabiru and amaranth BRS Alegria chemical compositions. Therefore, the diversity and quantity of all of the studied compounds in the samples denote the considerable importance of these grains for food science research area.

Este estudo avaliou a composição proximal, quantificação de ácidos graxos, atividade antioxidante por diferentes metodologias empregando procedimento Quencher e o conteúdo de fenólicos totais em diferentes cultivares brasileiros de feijão. As amostras apresentaram altas concentrações em ácidos graxos poli-insaturados, tais como ácido linoleico (191,54 a 329,50 mg g-1 de lipídios totais) e ácido α-linolênico (228,03 a 367,27 mg g-1 de lipídios totais). As razões dos somatórios de ácidos graxos ômega 6 e 3 foram baixas, entre 0,71 e 1,12. Em relação aos ensaios de atividade antioxidante, as cultivares apresentaram maiores resultados pela técnica de ácido 2,2-azinobis (3-etilbenzotiazolino-6-sulfônico) (ABTS), de 2401,34 a 4394,80 µmol equivalente Trolox g-1. Os menores resultados foram observados no ensaio de poder antioxidante de redução do ferro (FRAP), de 530,93 a 1440,13 µmol equivalente Trolox g-1. Os resultados dos ensaios 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH) e ABTS apresentaram a maior correlação (r = 0,619). As cultivares também apresentaram altas concentrações em compostos fenólicos totais, que variaram de 81,85 a 173,65 mg equivalente ácido gálico 100g-1.

This study quantified fatty acids and evaluated the proximate composition, antioxidant activity paired with Quencher procedure and total phenolic compounds in Brazilian bean cultivars. The samples showed high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic acid (191.54 to 329.50 mg g-1 of total lipids) and α-linolenic acid (228.03 to 367.27 mg g-1 of total lipids). The obtained ratios between Omega 6 and 3 fatty acids were low, between 0.71 and 1.12. In relation to antioxidant activity assays, the cultivars showed the best results upon employing the 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) method (2401.34 to 4394.80 µmol Trolox equivalent g-1). The lowest results were observed in the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, 530.93 to 1440.13 µmol Trolox equivalent g-1. The results from 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS methods showed the greatest correlation between themselves (r = 0.619). High concentrations of total phenolic compounds were also detected in the studied cultivars, which varied from 81.85 to 173.65 mg gallic acid equivalent 100g-1.