RESUMO Conferência na cerimônia de abertura da III Conferência Internacional da RedCelso Furtado, “Desenvolvimento num Contexto de Globalização”.

ABSTRACT Speech in the Opening Ceremony of the II International Conference Celso Furtado, “Development in a Globalization Context”.

RESUMO O autor resgata a teoria do desenvolvimento para ilustrar as diferenças notáveis entre os padrões e resultados da acumulação capitalista nas regiões centrais e periféricas. Enquanto nas primeiras o resultado foi o aumento dos salários e da qualidade de vida, conclui que nas regiões periféricas houve o recrudescimento das desigualdades sociais e dos padrões de dominação, para, a partir dessas reflexões, estabelecer o conceito de subdesenvolvimento e refletir meios de superá-lo.

ABSTRACT The author recalls the development theory to illustrate the notable differences between the patterns and results of capitalist accumulation in central and peripheral regions. While in the former the result was an increase in wages and quality of life, he concludes that in the peripheral regions there has been an upsurge in social inequalities and patterns of domination, in order to, based on these reflections, establish the concept of underdevelopment and reflect ways of overcoming it.

This is a paper-synthesis where the author summarizes his theory of development and underdevelopment. Some basic ideas are here presented: the economic theory of development must start wiht the study of history; underdevelopment is a specific historical and economical phenomenon, that cannot be thought in terms of linear stages of history; this historical phenomenon must be studied in structural terms, relating the historic and the economic aspects; the basic characteristic of underdevelopment is the dependency relation, expressed in the center-periphery system; in the study of development the basic concept to start with is the concept of social surplus, its forms of appropriation and utilization. The paper ends with an analysis of the frustrations of a reformist. Protectionism, that was justifiable in a first phase of industrialization, was maintained too long in Latin America; in a second phase, an active economic policy for exports was necessary. On the other hand the populist risk was always present, while the real social problems related to a high level of income concentration were not solved.

ABSTRACT This is a synthesis, where the author summarizes his theory of development and underdevelopment. Some basic ideas are here presented: the economic theory of development must start with the study of history; underdevelopment is a specific historical and economical phenomenon, that cannot be thought of in terms of linear stages of history; this historical phenomenon must be studied in structural terms, relating the history and the economic aspects; the basic characteristic of underdevelopment is the dependency relation, expressed in the center-periphery system; in the study of the development, the basic concept to start with is the concept of social surplus, its forms of appropriation and utilization. The paper ends with an analysis of the frustrations of a reformist. Protectionism, which was justifiable in the first phase of industrialization, was maintained for too long in Latin America; in the second phase, an active economic policy exports was necessary. On the other hand, the populist risk was always present, while the real social problems related to a high level of income concentration were not solved.

RESUMO Trata-se de um artigo-síntese, onde o autor resume sua teoria do desenvolvimento e do subdesenvolvimento. Algumas ideias básicas são aqui apresentadas: a teoria econômica do desenvolvimento deve começar com o estudo da história; o subdesenvolvimento é um fenômeno histórico e econômico específico, que não pode ser pensado em termos de etapas lineares da história; esse fenômeno histórico deve ser estudado em termos estruturais, relacionando a história e os aspectos econômicos; a característica básica do subdesenvolvimento é a relação de dependência, expressa no sistema centro-periferia; no estudo do desenvolvimento o conceito básico para começar é o conceito de excedente social, suas formas de apropriação e utilização. O artigo termina com uma análise das frustrações de um reformista. O protecionismo, que era justificável numa primeira fase da industrialização, foi mantido por muito tempo na América Latina; numa segunda fase, era necessária uma política econômica ativa para as exportações. Por outro lado, o risco populista sempre esteve presente, enquanto os reais problemas sociais relacionados ao alto nível de concentração de renda não foram resolvidos.