RESUMEN Latinoamérica presenta una alta prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori (Hp). Entre 1996-2003 la prevalencia en Santiago de Chile fue del 70%; estudios recientes presentan una disminución en esta infección. Actualizar la frecuencia de Hp es fundamental debido a su impacto en la salud asociado. Objetivo: Nuestro objetivo fue describir la tendencia de la infección por Hp en pacientes que asisten a endoscopía digestiva alta (EDA) ambulatoria en una población chilena. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de pacientes mayores de 18 años que asistieron a una primera EDA con test rápido de ureasa entre 2010-2020. La tendencia en el tiempo fue descrita mediante análisis de series de tiempo. Se construyó un modelo Poisson para estimar el riesgo de infección, ajustado por edad y sexo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 11 355 pacientes [66,9% mujeres; edad media 52 años; Hp 41,6%]. El sexo masculino presentó una mayor frecuencia de infección por Hp [RR 1,13; (IC95%:1,08-1,18)]. La frecuencia de Hp disminuyó significativamente desde 45,1% en 2010 hasta 29% en 2020, con 36% menor probabilidad de presentar infección por Hp en 2020 con respecto al 2010 [RR 0,64; (IC95%:0,55-0,74)]. Se proyectó un descenso progresivo en la tendencia de infección por Hp hasta valores cercanos al 25% para el año 2025. Conclusión: Se observó una reducción significativa en la infección por Hp entre los años 2010-2020. Esta disminución pudiese ser explicada mediante la incorporación de políticas públicas de salud en la última década asociadas a cambios sociosanitarios.

ABSTRACT Latin America presents a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Between 1996-2003, the prevalence in Santiago, Chile, was 70%; recent studies indicate a decrease in this infection. Updating the frequency of Hp is crucial due to its associated health impact. Objective: Our objective was to describe the trend in Hp infection in patients undergoing ambulatory esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in a Chilean population. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on patients over 18 years old who attended a first EGD with a rapid urease test between 2010-2020. Time trends were described through time series analysis. A Poisson model was constructed to estimate the risk of infection, adjusted for age and gender. Results: 11,355 patients were included [66.9% females; mean age 52 years; Hp 41.6%]. Male gender presented a higher frequency of Hp infection [RR 1.13; (95% CI: 1.08-1.18)]. Hp frequency infection decreased significantly from 45.1% in 2010 to 29% in 2020, with a 36% lower probability of Hp infection in 2020 compared to 2010 [RR 0.64; (95% CI: 0.55-0.74)]. A progressive decline in Hp infection trend was projected, reaching values close to 25% by year 2025. Conclusion: A significant reduction in Hp infection was observed between 2010-2020. This decrease could be explained by the implementation of public health policies in the last decade associated with socio-sanitary changes.

RESUMEN Introducción. Los niños con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) presentan dificultades de adaptación a situaciones estresantes, como la pandemia por COVID-19. Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto del primer año de pandemia en las dificultades alimentarias de niños con TEA. Población y métodos. Se invitó a participar a cuidadores de niños con TEA no sindromático (edad: 2-18 años) de una unidad de neurodesarrollo. Los participantes respondieron en línea un cuestionario y la escala de evaluación de problemas de conducta alimentaria (BPFAS por su sigla en inglés) antes y durante el primer año de pandemia. Se calculó un puntaje de prioridad (producto entre promedio de frecuencia y problema) para cada ítem del BPFAS. Resultados. El 56,6 % (86/152) de los cuidadores contestó la encuesta (madre 74,4 %), mediana de edad 6,3 años (p25-p75: 4,7-8,2); el 80,2 % de los niños eran de sexo masculino; el 58,1 % mantuvo terapia durante la pandemia y el 61,6 % presentaba problemas de comportamiento previo a esta. Durante el primer año de pandemia, los niños presentaron mayor intensidad en dificultades conductuales (34,9 %) y de alimentación (61,6 %); sin embargo, el 31,4 % refirió mejoría en la alimentación. No existieron diferencias significativas entre puntajes BPFAS antes y durante la pandemia. Los ítems con mayor puntaje de prioridad fueron “se levanta de la mesa durante la hora de comer”, “no probar alimentos nuevos”, “no come verduras”, “no come frutas”. Conclusiones. Hubo alta frecuencia de dificultades en las conductas alimentarias durante el primer año de pandemia. No se presentaron diferencias en las características de estas conductas antes y durante la pandemia.

Abstract This study aimed to create and validate an instrument to assess the educational team's attitudes and academic expectations towards students with Down syndrome (DS). The Attitudes and Academic Expectations toward students with Down syndrome Questionnaire (CAEASD) was elaborated following three steps: (1) design of the instrument, (2) content validation, and (3) construct validity and reliability. Teachers and educational assistants from public schools in San Bernardo, Chile, answered the instrument. Following the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the questionnaire was divided into two scales: attitudes and academic expectations. The first one was considered multidimensional: composed of subscales Emotions, Beliefs, and Actions, and the second one was one-dimensional. A significant correlation was observed between both scales and between the Attitude scale and its subscales. The CAEASD has proven to be a valid and reliable tool to assess the educational team's attitudes and academic expectations toward students with DS.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue crear y validar un instrumento para evaluar actitudes y expectativas de aprendizaje del equipo educativo respecto a estudiantes con síndrome de Down (SD). Se elaboró el Cuestionario de Actitudes y Expectativas de Aprendizaje respecto a estudiantes con SD (CAEASD) siguiendo tres fases: (1) diseño del instrumento, (2) validación de contenido, (3) validación de constructo y confiabilidad. Se aplicó en profesores y asistentes de la educación de establecimientos municipales. En el análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio factorial las aseveraciones fueron divididas en dos escalas: Actitudes y Expectativas de Aprendizaje. La primera es multidimensional, conformada por las subescalas Emociones, Creencias y Acciones, y la segunda es unidimensional. Destacaron correlaciones significativas entre ambas escalas y entre Actitudes y sus subescalas. El CAEASD es un instrumento válido y confiable para evaluar actitudes y expectativas de aprendizaje del equipo educativo hacia estudiantes con SD.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to determine the auditory effects of noise exposure from recreational and occupational sources among dentistry students. Methods: forty-two dentistry students, routinely exposed to occupational noise, and 72 students from other health science schools were recruited (control group). Audiometric testing, otoacoustic emissions and questionnaires to assess recreational and occupational noise were applied to the sample. The presence of a notch was determined for each participant audiometry´s test based on the criteria proposed by Coles et al. Differences in notch prevalence were analyzed by applying univariate regression models as well as a multivariate model adjusted by covariates. Results: non-significant differences in auditory thresholds between groups were found. The controls exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of a notch at 4 kHz than the group exposed to noise. However, the differences were not statistically significant in the multivariate model adjusted by recreational noise exposure. Conclusions: the occupational noise exposure was not significantly associated to auditory system dysfunction. In addition, the differences in notch prevalence could be related to recreational noise exposure.

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar los efectos auditivos producto de la exposición a ruido recreacional y ocupacional en estudiantes de Odontología. Métodos: se reclutó a 42 estudiantes de odontología expuestos rutinariamente a ruido ocupacional, y a 72 estudiantes de otras carreras del área de la salud (grupo control). Se evaluó mediante audiometría, emisiones otoacústicas, junto con aplicar cuestionarios para determinar la exposición a ruido ocupacional y recreacional. A partir de los umbrales audiométricos e determinó la presencia de escotoma usando el criterio de Coles et al. Se analizaron las diferencias en prevalencia de escotomas entre los grupos mediante regresiones logísticas, ajustando por otras variables. Resultados: no existieron diferencias significativas en los umbrales audiométricos entre los grupos estudiados. El grupo control mostró mayor prevalencia de escotoma en 4 kHz al ajustar por sexo y edad, sin embargo, dejó de ser significativa al ajustar adicionalmente por exposición a ruido recreacional. Conclusiones: la exposición a ruido ocupacional no se asoció a alteraciones auditivas. Además, las diferencias en prevalencia de escotomas estarían relacionadas a exposición a ruido recreacional.

ABSTRACT Purpose: this study had two aims: (1) Analyse students' perceptions of achieved learning in the simulation workshops implemented in multiple areas in a Speech and Language Therapy curricula, and (2) Establish the effect of incorporating simulation workshops in the students' comprehensive evaluation of the course. Methods: a survey on perceived learning was validated, including quantitative and qualitative sections, and applied to students that participated in the simulation workshops (n=241). Additionally, quantitative information from a survey of systematic application on the comprehensive perception of the courses that implemented workshops was analysed (n=277). Results: the quantitative section showed a positive perception of learning through the simulation workshop and coincided with the qualitative section's positive opinions. Additionally, the courses that implemented simulation workshops showed a positive evaluation in methodology, feedback, and organization. Conclusion: the students had a positive perception of the incorporation of clinical simulation workshops. The survey's sections provided complementary information regarding learning through clinical simulation.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to assess the effect of an intervention on educational teams’ attitudes and academic expectations concerning the inclusion of students with Down’s Syndrome (DS), in Chile. Methods: a quasi-experimental single-group study was carried out, with an interdisciplinary pilot intervention held comprising three workshops on inclusive education for teachers and teaching assistants. The Attitudes Towards and Academic Expectations For Down’s Syndrome Students questionnaire (CAEASD in Spanish) was used to assess these variables pre- and post-intervention. Results: 48 subjects participated in this study, with 37 in the experimental group and 11 in the control group. No significant differences were observed in the overall CAEASD score, neither before nor after the intervention (p=0.388). However, in the actions part of the attitude component, there was a significant difference in the experimental group (p<0.05), in which, the proportion of positive changes in the overall CAEASD score was also greater than that in the control group. Conclusion: mentoring had a positive impact on educational teams’ attitudes towards students with DS, helping to develop an inclusive educational community.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de una intervención en las actitudes y expectativas de aprendizaje que presentan profesores y asistentes de la educación hacia la inclusión escolar de estudiantes con síndrome de Down (SD) en Chile. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental de grupo único donde se implementó una intervención interdisciplinaria piloto de tres talleres sobre orientaciones inclusivas a profesores y asistentes de la educación. Se aplicó el cuestionario de Actitudes y Expectativas de Aprendizajes respecto a los estudiantes con SD (CAEASD) para medir estas variables pre y post intervención. Resultados: 48 sujetos participaron de la intervención, 37 conformaron el grupo experimental y 11 el grupo control. No existieron diferencias significativas en el puntaje global del CAEASD, previo y posterior a la intervención (p=0,388), sin embargo, se observó una diferencia significativa en la medición pre y post en el componente Acción de las actitudes en el grupo experimental (p<0,05). Además, el grupo experimental presentó una mayor proporción de puntuaciones con cambios positivos que el grupo control en el puntaje global del cuestionario CAEASD. Conclusión: la intervención generó cambios positivos en las actitudes del equipo escolar hacia los estudiantes con SD, lo que contribuye en el desarrollo de una comunidad educativa inclusiva.

Abstract Introduction: It is estimated that up to 30% of the population over 65 years of age present hearing loss. A validated intervention for hearing loss in older adults is the use of hearing aids, but the problem is that up to 50% of older adults do not use them. Aim: To estimate the hearing aid adherence in elderly population with hearing loss who are beneficiaries of the GES program “Bilateral hearing loss in people over 65 who require hearing aids” in a hospital in Santiago, Chile. Material and Method: The control arm of a randomized clinical trial was used to estimate adherence to hearing aid with validated and structured questionnaires, by trained interviewers who visited the beneficiaries of the program at three, six, nine and twelve months posterior to the intervention. Results: 101 older adults were included. The average age was 76.3 years. When analyzing adherence as “use for more than 8 hours a day during the last two weeks”, adherence at 3 months was 56.8%, at 6 months 62.6%, at 9 months 63.2%, and at 12 months 54.5%. When analyzing considering use between 4-8 h/day, the adherence during the follow-up was between 73.8% and 87.3%. According to Dr. Yueh's questionnaire, adherence at 3 months was 64.7%, at 6 months 63.9%, at 9 months 73.7%, and at 12 months 67.8%. Conclusion: The results of the present analysis show an excellent adherence to hearing aids in a group of Chilean population, which represents a positive outcome regarding the effectiveness of this particular public policy.

Resumen Introducción: Se estima que hasta un 30% de la población mayor de 65 años presenta hipoacusia. Una intervención validada para la hipoacusia en adultos mayores es el uso de audífonos, pero el problema es que hasta un 50% de los adultos mayores no los utiliza. Objetivo: Estimar la adherencia al uso de audífonos en adultos mayores beneficiarios del programa GES de “Hipoacusia bilateral en mayores de 65 años que requieran audífonos” en un hospital en Santiago, Chile. Material y Método: Se utilizó la rama control de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado para estimar la adherencia al uso de audífono con cuestionarios validados y estructurados, por encuestadores entrenados que acudieron a los tres, seis, nueve y doce meses desde la intervención al domicilio de los beneficiarios del programa. Resultados: Se incluyeron 101 adultos mayores. El promedio de edad fue 76,3 años. Al analizar la adherencia considerando un criterio de uso del audífono mayor a 8 h al día, cada día, durante las últimas dos semanas, la adherencia a 3 meses fue un 56,8%, a 6 meses un 62,6%, a 9 meses un 63,2% y a 12 meses un 54,5%. Al analizar considerando uso entre 4-8 h/diarias, la adherencia del período fue entre 73,8% y 87,3%. Según el cuestionario del Dr. Yueh, la adherencia a 3 meses fue un 64,7%, a 6 meses un 63,9%, a 9 meses un 73,7% y a 12 meses un 67,8%. Conclusión: Los resultados del presente análisis muestran una excelente adherencia al uso del audífono en Chile, lo que representa una cifra positiva respecto a la efectividad de la política pública.

Abstract Introduction: In Chile, since the implementation of public policies linked to the program of cochlear implants, the only published studies were prepared in the Metropolitan Region, that have sought to describe the results that these responses have obtained in the population. Aim: Describe the results of the National Cochlear Implants Program and explicit health guarantees in beneficiary patients belonging to Aconcagua health service. Material and Method: Cross-sectional study. The results of all the patients benefited implanted in the period 2003-2016 are reported. Results: Of the total number of people nominated nationwide, 3% (n = 17) were chosen from the Aconcagua health service, of which 58.8% (n = 10) were benefited with cochlear implants. All the benefited patients were investigated through consultation in the Otolaryngology polyclinic. The median auditory diagnosis was 22 months (Q1-Q3: 16-24), hearing aid implementation 24 months (Q1-Q3: 17-25), cochlear implant implementation 50-month (Q1-Q3: 29-56) and on of cochlear implant 52 months (Q1-Q3: 33-57). The median functional gain with implant was 58.4 dB (Q1-Q3: 46-65); statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results in patients using cochlear implants are satisfactory. It is necessary to expand the coverage of these public policies in the Aconcagua valley, consistent with the improvement of the processes related to the timely diagnosis of hearing loss and subsequent implementation of hearing aids in the times that the relevant evidence.

Resumen Introducción: En Chile, desde la ejecución de políticas públicas vinculadas a la implementación de implantes cocleares, sólo existen estudios elaborados y publicados en la Región Metropolitana que han buscado describir los resultados que estas han alcanzado en la población. Objetivo: Describir los resultados del Programa Nacional de Implantes Cocleares y Garantías Explícitas en Salud en pacientes beneficiados pertenecientes al Servicio de Salud Aconcagua. Material y Método: Estudio de corte transversal. Se reportan los resultados de la totalidad de pacientes beneficiados implantados en el período 2003-2016 del Servicio de Salud Aconcagua. Resultados: Del total de personas postuladas a nivel nacional, el 3% (n = 17) fueron postuladas desde el Servicio de Salud Aconcagua, de las cuales, el 58,8% (n = 10), fueron beneficiadas con implante coclear. La totalidad de los beneficiados fueron pesquisados a través de consulta en policlínico de Otorrinolaringología. La mediana de diagnóstico auditivo fue 22 meses (Q1-Q3:16-24), implementación de audífonos 24 meses (Q1-Q3:17-25), implementación de implante coclear 50 meses (Q1-Q3:29-56) y encendido de 52 (Q1-Q3:33-57). La mediana de ganancia funcional con implante fue 58,4 dB (Q1-Q3:46-65); estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,05). Conclusión: Los resultados en pacientes usuarios de implante coclear son satisfactorios. Es necesario ampliar la cobertura de estas políticas en el valle del Aconcagua, en coherencia con la mejora de procesos vinculados al diagnóstico oportuno de hipoacusia y posterior implementación de ayudas auditivas en tiempos que la evidencia sugiere pertinentes.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) affects approximately 10%-20% of adults and is associated with obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Aim: To assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with OSAS in Chilean adults. Material and Methods: A standardized sleep questionnaire and respiratory polygraphy at home were conducted on adults aged 18 years or more, residing in the Metropolitan Region and enrolled in the 2016/17 National Health Survey. Results: Two-hundred and five people between 18 and 84 years old (46% men, mean age 50 years) underwent overnight respiratory polygraphy at home. The estimated obstructive sleep apnea prevalence was 49% (62% men, 31% women) considering an apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 5 respiratory events/hour, and 16% (21% men, 13% women) considering an apnea–hypopnea index ≥ 15 respiratory events/hour. The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea continuously increased along with age for men and women, with a later onset for women. Age, gender, body mass index, cervical and waist circumference, snoring, reporting of apnea by proxies, self-reported cardiovascular and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, were significantly associated with OSAS. No association was found with insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Conclusions: The prevalence and risk factors associated to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were high among these adults.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine if there are existing healthcare access inequities among the deaf Chilean population when compared to the general Chilean population. METHODS Data were obtained from a population-based national survey in Chile. In total, 745 prelingually deaf individuals were identified. The number of times the person used the healthcare system was dichotomized and analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS Prelingually deaf people had lower incomes, fewer years of education, and greater rates of unemployment and poverty when compared with the general population. Moreover, they visited more general practitioners, mental health specialists, and other medical specialists. On average, they attended more appointments for depression but had fewer general checkups and gynecological appointments than the general population. CONCLUSIONS Deaf people in Chile have a lower socioeconomic status than the rest of the Chilean population. The results from this study are similar to the findings reported for high-income countries, despite differences in the magnitude of the associations between being deaf and healthcare access. Further studies should be conducted to determine the health status of deaf people in Chile and other Latin American countries and what factors are associated with a significantly lower prevalence of gynecological appointments among deaf women when compared with non-deaf women.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To determine if there are existing healthcare access inequities among the deaf Chilean population when compared to the general Chilean population. METHODS Data were obtained from a population-based national survey in Chile. In total, 745 prelingually deaf individuals were identified. The number of times the person used the healthcare system was dichotomized and analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS Prelingually deaf people had lower incomes, fewer years of education, and greater rates of unemployment and poverty when compared with the general population. Moreover, they visited more general practitioners, mental health specialists, and other medical specialists. On average, they attended more appointments for depression but had fewer general checkups and gynecological appointments than the general population. CONCLUSIONS Deaf people in Chile have a lower socioeconomic status than the rest of the Chilean population. The results from this study are similar to the findings reported for high-income countries, despite differences in the magnitude of the associations between being deaf and healthcare access. Further studies should be conducted to determine the health status of deaf people in Chile and other Latin American countries and what factors are associated with a significantly lower prevalence of gynecological appointments among deaf women when compared with non-deaf women.

Background The diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is based on nocturnal records: polysomnography or respiratory polygraphy. However, their high costs limit their use. Aim To examine the predictive value of three sleep questionnaires (STOP, STOP-Bang, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in the screening of OSAS in Chilean adults. Material and Methods During the National Health Survey 2016/17, 205 adults aged 50.7 ± 15.0 years (46% males) living in the Metropolitan Region answered sleep questionnaires and underwent an ambulatory respiratory polygraphy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and receiver operating characteristic curves of sleep questionnaires were calculated. Results Fifty nine percent of participants had OSAS which was moderate to severe in 26%. The clinical variables associated with OSAS were age, male gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, cervical and waist circumferences, history of regular snoring and witnessed apneas. Daytime somnolence, insomnia and unrefreshing sleep were not associated to OSAS risk. STOP, STOP-Bang and ESS questionnaires classified 64%, 71% and 12% of cases as high risk for OSAS, respectively. The STOP and STOP-Bang questionnaires had the highest sensitivity to predict OSAS (76% and 89%, respectively) while the ESS had the highest specificity (91%). Conclusions The sleep questionnaires allowed to identify the subjects at high risk for OSAS in this sample of adults from the Metropolitan Region.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe at which age do speech and language therapists consider the / l /, / ɾ /, / r / phonemes should be acquired; to describe the criteria used by speech and language therapists to consider a phoneme as acquired; and to investigate the diagnostic criteria used by these professionals. Methods: this is an analytical cross-sectional study in which an online questionnaire was completed by 151 speech and language therapists from the Metropolitan region of Chile. The questionnaire included questions regarding the aims of this study. Results: around a 30% of respondents considered the /l/ phoneme to be acquired between 3,6-4,6 years, a 72% agreed on the /ɾ/ phoneme to be acquired from 4,0 to 4,11 and a 40% declared the acquisition of the /r/ phoneme between 5,6-5,11. When determining a phoneme as acquired, a 46.3% of interviewees referred to do it only when it was produced always and a 30% declared to consider as such when produced more than 50% of the times. When exposed to a real case, respondents provided three different diagnostic options. Conclusion: results showed a wide age range in which speech and language therapists consider the lateral and rhotic phonemes to be acquired, showing no consensus. There are diverse criteria to determine when each phoneme is acquired. Similarly, different opinions were evidenced regarding when a disorder would be defined as phonologic or articulatory.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la edad en que consideran que deben estar adquiridos los fonemas / l /, / ɾ /, / r /; describir el criterio que utilizan fonoaudiólogos para considerar un fonema adquirido; e indagar sobre los criterios diagnósticos que utilizan estos profesionales. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal analítico mediante un cuestionario validado, presentado de manera online, a 151 fonoaudiólogos de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, con preguntas referidas a los objetivos presentados. Resultados: aproximadamente un 30% de los encuestados consideró que el fonema /l/ se adquiría entre 3,6-4,6 años, /ɾ/ entre 4,0-4,11 un 72% y /r/ entre 5,6-5,11 un 40%. El 46,3% considera que un fonema está adquirido cuando se dice siempre y un 30% cuando lo dice más del 50% de las veces. Ante el relato de un caso, los encuestados eligieron tres opciones diagnósticas diferentes Conclusión: se observa que existe una amplia variedad de rango etario en la que los fonoaudiólogos creen que deben adquirirse los fonemas lateral y róticos no encontrándose un consenso. Existe una alta variedad de criterios respecto a cuándo considerar un fonema como adquirido. También existen distintas concepciones sobre cuándo un trastorno se considerará articulatorio o fonológico.

Background: In Chile, comprehensive geriatric assessment does not include the identification of dysphagia, despite being considered a geriatric syndrome. The Eating Assessment Tool 10 (EAT-10) questionnaire is a 10-question instrument that specifically describes the perception of dysphagia and has a Spanish translation. Aim: To validate and test the reliability of the EAT-10 questionnaire in Chilean older people living in the community. Material and Methods: The EAT-10 score was applied to 80 participants aged 75 ± 14 years (51 women). Other observer, blinded to the result of the score, performed the volume-viscosity swallow test as the gold standard to assess dysphagia. Results: The translated version of the EAT-10 had a strong internal consistency (Cronbach alfa =0.89) and interobserver consistency (100%). Using a score of seven as cutoff point, the EAT-10 had a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 86% to detect dysphagia, when compared with the volume-viscosity swallow test. Conclusions: The EAT-10 questionnaire is valid and reliable and can be used as a clinical instrument in primary care in our country to identify older people with dysphagia.

Background: Simulation is a useful training tool for undergraduate medical students. A valid instrument is needed to assess students’ perception of simulation workshops. Aim: To adapt and validate an instrument to assess the undergraduate medical student’s perception of simulation workshops of clinical procedures. Material and Methods: Delphi Methodology was used to adapt the instrument. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses were performed to determine the construct validity and Cronbach’s Alpha (0 to 1) for internal consistency of the instrument. Results: A Delphi panel of 10 experts adapted a seven-item questionnaire (Likert scale 1-5; ranging from 7 to 35) and four open-questions. After 3-delphi-rounds, the instrument was administered to 210 students in six simulation training programs (Paracentesis, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Airway management, Sutures, Thoracentesis and Nursing Procedures). The instrument was considered unidimensional in the factorial analysis. The overall median (Q1-Q3) score was 34 ranging from 32 to 35 and the Cronbach Alpha coefficient was 0.72, indicating a good reliability. Conclusions: The perception questionnaire is a useful and reliable instrument to assess students’ perceptions of clinical simulations.