Phase transitions, thermal stability, thermokinetics and activation parameters of degradation reaction of the dicationic ionic liquids (ILs), 1,n-bis(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)alkane ([BisAlk(MIM)2][2Br]) and monocationic ILs, 1-(3-methylimidazolium-1-yl)alkane ([Alk(MIM)][Br]), where Alk = Dec, DoDec, TetDec, (decane, dodecane, tetradecane) were evaluated. The influence of an additional cationic head and the alkyl chain length in thermal parameters were also evaluated. The dicationic ILs are more stable than monocationic and thermal degradation of ILs mono- and dicationic did not show linear dependence on the alkyl chain length. Thermokinetic parameters indicated degradation in multiple steps. The monocationic ILs showed a more persistent crystalline phase than dicationic IL, which became totally amorphous after heating. The estimate temperature decomposition, activation energy and thermal transitions enable the determination of which types of ILs are applicable for specific purposes, such as lubricants or solvents at high temperatures, while maintaining ILs physical and chemical properties.

An efficient sequential three-step reaction methodology for the synthesis of three new series-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-pyrroles, methyl 4-acetyl-1-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylates and 6-((1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2,6-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-1-ones-is reported. The methodology comprises: (i) N-alkylation reactions of polyfunctionalized 1H-pyrroles-which were previously obtained from (E)-methyl 2-azido-3-arylacrylates-with propargyl bromide in order to obtain 1H-pyrroles; (ii) standard copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) involving organic azides (benzyl-, 4-methoxybenzyl- and 4-chlorobenzyl, as well as n-octyl azide) and N-propargylated 1H-pyrroles to give triazolyl derivatives, as methyl 1H-pyrrole-3-carboxylates (click chemistry); and (iii) [4 + 2] cyclocondensation reactions of the ketoesters in the presence of hydrazine hydrochloride in order to furnish the desired series of pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-1-ones at total yields up to 54%.

This paper describes an efficient approach for the synthesis of a novel series of sixteen 2-(5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-(5-trihalomethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-1-carbonyl) pyridines, for the first time with non-identical substituents in both pyrazole rings, through the cyclocondensation reaction of 4-methoxy-4-alkyl(aryl/heteroaryl-1,1,1-trihaloalk-3-en-2-ones [CX3C(O)CH=CR1OCH3, in which R1 = CH3, C6H5, 4-CH3C6H4, 4-OCH3C6H4, 2-furyl and X = F, Cl] or acetylacetone with some 6-[3-alkyl(aryl)-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]nicotinohydrazides. Optimized yields of 67-91% were obtained when the reactions were performed in ethanol (green solvent) at reflux for 16 h. Subsequent antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation revealed promising 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition percentage and exhibited fungiostatic and fungicidal activities against yeasts, dermatophytes and filamentous, especially for the pyridine systems, when the both pyrazole rings attached to a pyridine ring contain CX3 groups (X = H, F, Cl) of different kinds. It is also observed the trichloromethyl substituted compounds presented higher antioxidant activity in comparison to their fluorinated analogous.

Neste trabalho, 3-haloacetil-4-metilquinolinas foram sintetizadas a partir da reação de 4-alcóxi-3-alquen-2-onas [R¹C(O)CH=C(R²)OCH3, onde R¹ = CF3, CCl3, CHCl2, CF2Cl e CF2CF3 e R² = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, i-Bu e i-Pe] e 2-aminoacetofenona. A reação foi realizada em líquido iônico e ácido 4-toluenosolfônico sob irradiação de micro-ondas. Os resultados mostraram que o método catalítico foi efetivo e os produtos foram formados em tempos de reação curtos (10-20 min) e com bons rendimentos (70-91%).

In this work, 3-haloacetyl-4-methylquinolines were synthesized from the reaction of 4-alkoxy-3-alken-2-ones [R¹C(O)CH=C(R²)OCH3, where R¹ = CF3, CCl3, CHCl2, CF2Cl, CF2CF3 and R² = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, i-Bu and i-Pe] and 2-aminoacetophenone. The reaction was performed in ionic liquid and 4-toluene sulfonic acid under microwave irradiation. Results showed that the catalytic method was effective. Products were formed in a short time (10-20 min) and presented good yields (70-91%).

Este trabalho descreve a síntese de 1,4'-bipirazóis inéditos pela da reação de ciclocondensação de novas β-dimetilaminoenonas com as monoidrato de hidrazina, tert-butil hidrazina, fenil hidrazina, carboximetilhidrazina. Os produtos foram obtidos com alta regiosseletividade em rendimentos de bons a moderados (50-80%). A técnica de cristalografia de raios-X foi utilizada para a elucidação da regiosseletividade da formação dos produtos. 1,4'-Bipirazolilisoxazóis também foram descritos.

Novel 1,4'-bipyrazoles were synthesized via highly regioselective cyclocondensation reactions of β-dimethylaminoenones with hydrazine monohydrate, tert-butylhydrazine hydrochloride, phenylhydrazine hydrochloride or carboxymethylhydrazine. X-ray diffraction technique was used in the elucidation of the regiochemistry of the β-dimethylaminoenaminones and of the 1,4'-bipyrazoles. 1,4'-Bipyrazolylisoxazoles were also reported.

Este trabalho descreve a síntese de 4,5-diidro-1H-pirazóis pela reação de ciclocondensação de hidrazinas [NH2NH-R², onde R² = CO2Me, Ph, CH2CH2OH] com 4-alcóxi-1,1,1-trifluor-3-alquen-2-onas [CF3C(O)CH=C(R¹)OR, onde R/R¹ = Et/H, Me/Me and Me/Ph] sob irradiação de micro-ondas utilizando um equipamento de micro-ondas para síntese e em condição livre de solvente. Algumas reações foram realizadas na presença de metanol. Os resultados obtidos utilizando micro-ondas para síntese foram comparados com aqueles obtidos quando a reação foi feita pelo método convencional e no forno de micro-ondas doméstico. Os produtos foram obtidos com bons rendimentos em um intervalo de tempo pequeno. Além disso, foi demonstrado que a temperatura da reação alterou a formação dos produtos para cada hidrazina mostrando que o equipamento de micro-ondas para síntese é eficiente para as reações de hidrazinas com 4-alcóxi-1,1,1-trifluor-3-alquen-2-onas levando à formação dos produtos 4,5-diidro-1H-pirazóis e pirazóis.

This paper presents a study of solvent-free reaction conditions using microwave irradiation (MW) to obtain 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles and dehydrated pyrazoles by the cyclocondensation reaction of 4-alkoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-alken-2-ones [CF3C(O)CH=C(R¹)OR, where R/R¹ = Et/H, Me/Me and Me/Ph] with hydrazines [NH2NH-R², where R² = CO2Me, Ph, CH2CH2OH]. Some reactions were performed under the same reaction conditions using methanol as solvent. The results obtained using MW equipment for synthesis under solvent-free conditions were also compared with those described in literature for conventional thermal heating and heating with a domestic MW oven. In general, the products furnished by reaction in MW equipment for synthesis presented better yields and shorter reaction times. In addition, it was demonstrated that the reaction temperature altered the formation of products for each hydrazine showing that MW equipment for synthesis is efficient for reacting hydrazines and 4-alkoxy-1,1,1-trifluoro-3-alken-2-ones to procedure the products 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles and dehydrated pyrazoles.

Este trabalho descreve a reação de ciclocondensação de 3-amino-5-metil-1H-pirazol com 1,1,1-tricloro-4-alcóxi-3-alquen-2-onas [CCl3C(O)CH=C(R¹)OR, onde R¹/R = H/Me, Me/Et, Et/Me, Pr/Et, Bu/Me, iso-Bu/Me] e β-dimetilaminovinil cetonas [R²C(O)CH=CHNMe2, onde R² = Ph, Ph-4-Me, Ph-4-F, Ph-4-Cl, Ph-4-Br, Ph-4-NO2, fur-2-il, tien-2-il, pirrol-2-il, pyrid-2-il], em refluxo de ácido acético para a obtenção de uma série de catorze pirazolo[1,5-a]pirimidinas. Os produtos foram obtidos em bons rendimentos (65-98%). Este trabalho apresenta ainda uma metodologia simples e seletiva para a obtenção de 3-bromo-pirazolo[1,5-a]pirimidinas, com rendimentos de 70-98%.

The reaction of 3-amino-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole with 1,1,1-trichloro-4-alkoxy-3-alken-2-ones [CCl3C(O)CH=C(R¹)OR, where R¹/R = H/Me, Me/Et, Et/Me, Pr/Et, Bu/Me, iso-Bu/Me] or β-dimethylaminovinyl ketones [R²C(O)CH=CHNMe2, where R² = Ph, Ph-4-Me, Ph-4-F, Ph-4-Cl, Ph-4-Br, Ph-4-NO2, fur-2-yl, thien-2-yl, pyrrol-2-yl, pyrid-2-yl], in acetic acid under reflux for 16 hours, furnished highly regioselective the halomethylated pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and aryl[heteroaryl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines, respectively. A protocol for the bromination reaction at the 3-position pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines also was investigated.

Este trabalho apresenta a síntese de uma série de treze 1-cianoacetil-5-hidroxi-5-halometil-1H-4,5-diidropirazóis a partir da reação de condensação entre cianoacetohidrazida e 4-alcoxi-3-alquen-2-onas [R³C(O)C(R²)=C(R¹)(OR), onde R³ = CF3, CCl3, CHCl2, CO2Et; R² = H, Me; R¹ = H, Me, Et, Pr, Pentil, c-Hexil, Ph, e R = Me, Et]. Reações de desidratação e derivatização destes compostos também são apresentadas com o objetivo de demonstrar a versatilidade de pirazóis 1-cianoacetil-substituídos como blocos precursores em síntese orgânica.

The synthesis of thirteen 1-cyanoacetyl-5-hydroxy-5-halomethyl-1H-4,5-dihydropyrazoles from the reaction of 4-alkoxy-3-alken-2-ones [R³C(O)C(R²)=C(R¹)(OR), where R³ = CF3, CCl3, CHCl2, CO2Et; R² = H, Me; R¹ = H, Me, Et, Pr, Pentyl, c-Hexyl, Ph, and R = Me, Et] with cyanoacetohydrazide is reported. In order to show the versatility of using the 1-cyanoacetyl-substituted pyrazoles as important building blocks in organic synthesis, some attempts to obtain pyrazole derivatives also are described.

Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia, ambientalmente adequada e mais econômica em relação àquelas descritas na literatura, para a obtenção de uma série de vinte e seis 4-amino-1,1,1-trialo-3-alquen-2-onas [CX3C(O)CH=C(R¹)NR² R³, com X = F, Cl, R¹ = H, Me, e R²/R³ = H/Ph, H/4-F-Ph, H/Bn, H/(CH2)2OH, Me/Ph, Me/Bu, Et/Et, -(CH2)4-], a partir da reação de 1,1,1-trialo-4-alcóxi-3-alquen-2-onas com aminas primárias e secundárias, na ausência de solvente, a temperatura ambiente e em cinco minutos (rendimentos de 73-99%).

An efficient green procedure to prepare a series of twenty-six 4-amino-1,1,1-trihalo-3-alken-2-ones [CX3C(O)CH=C(R¹)NR² R³, where X = F, Cl, R¹ = H, Me, and R²/R³ = H/Ph, H/4-F-Ph, H/Bn, H/(CH2)2OH, Me/Ph, Me/Bu, Et/Et, -(CH2)4-] from the solvent-free reaction of 1,1,1-trihalo-4-alkoxy-3-alken-2-ones with primary and secondary amines at room temperature for five minutes is reported (yields of 73-99%).