O presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar e quantificar, por meio de imagens de sensoriamento remoto, as áreas atingidas pelas inundações ocorridas no período do verão de 2008/2009 na região Norte Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro. Para isso, foram utilizadas imagens dos sensores TM Landsat-5 e CCD CBERS-2B adquiridas antes e após a ocorrência das inundações. Nessas imagens foram aplicadas o Modelo Linear de Mistura Espectral - MLME para realçar as áreas ocupadas com os corpos d'água. Concluiu-se que, após comparar a imagem TM do dia 26/07/2007 (sem inundação) com as imagens TM (17/11/2008) e CCD (20/01/2009) tomadas depois do período chuvoso na região, o espelho d'água da região sofreu um incremento de 2,61 vezes, correspondendo a área total de 99.000 ha atingida pelas águas.

This study aimed to identify and to quantify the flooded area in the 2008/2009 summer period in the Norte Fluminense region, Rio de Janeiro state using remote sensing images. For this, Landsat-5 TM and CBERS-2B CCD images acquired before and after flooding occurrence were used. In these images, the Linear Spectral Mixture Model - LSMM was applied in order to highlight the areas occupied by water bodies. It was concluded that the water bodies in the region suffered an increment of 2.61 times corresponding to 99,000 ha of total area of water surface based on the comparison of the TM image acquired on July 26, 2007 (without flooding) with TM acquired on November 17, 2008 and with the CCD image of January 20, 2009 acquired after the rainy season in this region.

Abstract The work reported in the present paper was performed to honor the centennial of the flight by Alberto Santos Dumont with his 14-Bis aircraft. The paper describes results for a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the 14-Bis aircraft aerodynamics and flight stability. The 14-Bis aircraft geometry was generated from historical sources and observations. CFD computations were performed using well-established commercial codes for calculation of the historical flight conditions. Simulations considered a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation, in which turbulence closure was achieved by using Menter's model. The flight conditions investigated were primarily concerned with historical observations regarding flight speeds and the need for a more powerful engine, as well as flight stability characteristics of the 14-Bis airplane, which are unknown up to the present day. The results led to qualitative agreement with historical reports, although quite interesting conclusions could be drawn with regard to the actual aerodynamic flight speeds and the aircraft stability parameters.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar dados multitemporais, obtidos pelo sensor "moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer" (MODIS), para o estudo da dinâmica espaço-temporal de duas sub-regiões do bioma Pantanal. Foram utilizadas 139 imagens "enhanced vegetation index" (EVI), do produto MOD13 "vegetation index", dados de altimetria oriundos do "shuttle radar topography mission" (SRTM) e dados de precipitação do "tropical rainfall measuring mission" (TRMM). Para a redução da dimensionalidade dos dados, as imagens MODIS-EVI foram amostradas com base nas curvas de nível espaçadas em 10 m. Foram aplicadas as técnicas de análise de autocorrelação e análise de agrupamentos aos dados das amostras, e a análise de componentes principais na área total da imagem. Houve dependência tanto temporal quanto espacial da resposta espectral com a precipitação. A análise de agrupamentos apontou a presença de dois grupos, o que indicou a necessidade da análise completa da área. A análise de componentes principais permitiu diferenciar quatro comportamentos distintos: as áreas permanentemente alagadas; as áreas não inundáveis, compostas por vegetação; as áreas inundáveis com maior resposta de vegetação; e áreas com vegetação ripária.

The objective of this work was to evaluate multitemporal data, obtained by moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, for the study of spatial-temporal dynamics in two subregions of the Pantanal biome. One hundred and thirty nine enhanced vegetation index (EVI) images, from MOD13 vegetation index product, altimetry data from shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) and tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) precipitation data were used. In order to reduce data dimensionality, MODIS EVI images were sampled based on contour lines spacing of 10 m. The autocorrelation and cluster analysis were used for spatial and temporal evaluation of the samples; and the principal components analysis was applied to all dataset for spatial and temporal analysis. Results showed a spatial and temporal dependence between spectral response and precipitation. The cluster analysis indicated two spatial groups, suggesting the need for the analysis of the entire study area. The principal components analysis allowed to distinguish four behaviors: the areas permanently flooded; nonflooded areas composed by vegetation; flooded areas with higher spectral vegetation response; and riparian vegetation areas.