ABSTRACT The mixed-model methodology is an alternative to select genotypes for traits highly influenced by the environment. In addition, this method allows FOR estimating the repeatability coefficient and predicting the number of assessments needed for a selection process to increase reliability. This study aimed to determine the minimum number of evaluations necessary for a reliable selection process and to estimate the variance components used for predicting genetic gains between and within half-sib families of elephant grass ( Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone ) using the mixed-model methodology. Half-sib families were generated using genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank of Elephant Grass. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with nine half-sib families, three replicates, and eight plants per plot. We evaluated 216 genotypes (individual plants) of elephant grass. The deviance analysis was carried out, genetic parameters were estimated, gains between and within families were predicted, and repeatability coefficients were obtained using Selegen software. There was genetic variability for selection within the families evaluated. The reliability values found above 60 % for plant height and number of tillers and above 80 % for dry matter yield suggest that only two evaluations are required to select superior genotypes with outstanding reliability. Sixteen genotypes were identified and selected for their productive potential, which can be used as parents in elephant grass breeding programs for bioenergy production.

ABSTRACT Elephant grass stands out among lignocellulosic biomass plants utilized for second-generation biofuel production due to several advantageous characteristics compared to other raw materials. Its short production cycle and ability to thrive in adverse soil and climate conditions contribute to its appeal. Additionally, breeders seek genotypes with high productivity potential and adaptability to various favorable cultivation environments. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters, predict genetic values using mixed models (REML/BLUP), and evaluate stability and adaptability for energy biomass production in elephant grass genotypes. The experiment was conducted in Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil, utilizing a two-replicate experimental block design that included 40 elephant grass genotypes. Four harvest assessments were performed between 2016 and 2019. Genetic parameter estimation and selection of superior genotypes based on genetic value using the REML/BLUP procedure were performed using Selegen software. Stability and adaptability analyses were obtained through the harmonic mean of genotypic values (HMGV), enabling the identification of stable and highly productive genotypes. Genotypes 17, 18, 32, 16, 36, 6, 15, 31, and 34 exhibited outstanding performance in terms of HMGV, indicating enhanced stability, adaptability, and simultaneous productivity, thus ensuring robustness in cultivation. These selected genotypes hold potential for future breeding programs aimed at improving elephant grass yield for biomass production.

Resumo Introdução: No acidente vascular cerebral isquémico agudo, a terapia endovascular indicada na oclusão de grande vaso cerebral suscita preocupações quanto à exposição adicional a radiocontraste. Procuramos caracterizar a evolução renal visando identificar nefropatia induzida por contraste e estudar o impacto da doença renal preexistente. Material e Métodos: Estudámos retrospetivamente admissões na Unidade de Doenças Cerebrovasculares do Hospital Central do Funchal entre março 2017 e fevereiro 2020 com necessidade de terapia endovascular neste contexto. Obtivemos características demográficas e semiológicas. Registámos creatinina plasmática em três momentos. Apurámos como desfechos: nefropatia induzida por contraste, índices neurofuncionais e óbito intra-hospitalar. Comparamos aqueles com taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (TFGe) < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 com os restantes. Resultados: Na amostra de 62 casos (32 homens [51,6%], idade 69,6 ± 10,9 [média ± desvio-padrão] anos, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] à admissão 15,0 ± 5,9), descrevemos a creatinina plasmática: admissão 0,98 ± 0,23; 48 horas 0,86 ± 0,21; 5º-7º dia 0,87 ± 0,22 mg/dL. Nenhum cumpriu critérios de nefropatia induzida por contraste. Aqueles com TFGe < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 (16 casos, 25,8%) não diferiram na evolução nefrológica (variação da creatinina plasmática às 48 horas: -0,17 ± 0,13 versus -0,11 ± 0,11 p=0,067) ou neurológica (modified Rankin Scale ≤ 2: 31,3% versus 23,9% p=0,563; Δ NIHSS: -0,94 ± 9,6 versus -2,9 ± 9,0 p=0,479; óbito: 18,8% versus 19,6% p=0,943). Conclusão: Nesta amostra, não se detetaram casos de nefropatia induzida por contraste. Aqueles com TFGe < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 pré-procedimento, também não demonstraram pior desfecho.

Abstract Introduction: Concerning acute ischemic stroke, endovascular therapy for large cerebral vessel occlusion raises concerns about additional exposure to radioconstrat. We aimed to characterize kidney function evolution in order to identify contrast-induced nephropathy and also to study the impact of pre-existing kidney disease. Methods: We retrospectively studied the admissions to the Cerebrovascular Diseases Unit of Hospital Central do Funchal between March 2017 and February 2020 of those submitted to endovascular therapy. We obtained demographic and semiological characteristics. We measured plasmatic creatinine in three moments. We determined as outcomes: contrast-induced nephropathy, neurofunctional indexes and in-hospital death. We compared those with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with the rest. Results: Our sample of 62 cases (32 men [51.6%], age 69.6 ± 10.9 [mean ± standard deviation] years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] at admission 15.0 ± 5.9), the plasmatic creatinine values were: admission 0.98 ± 0.23; 48 hours 0.86 ± 0,21; 5-7th day 0.87 ± 0.22 mg/dL. None met contrast-induced nephropathy criteria. Those with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (16 cases, 25.8%) did not differ in nephrologic evolution (plasmatic creatinine variation at 48 hours: -0.17 ± 0.13 versus -0.11 ± 0.11 p=0.067) or neurological (modified Rankin Scale ≤ 2: 31.3% versus 23.9% p=0.563; Δ NIHSS: -0.94 ± 9.6 versus -2.9 ± 9.0 p=0.479; mortality: 18.8% versus 19.6% p=0.943). Conclusion: In this sample, kidney function evolution was favorable and without contrast-induced nephropathy cases. Those with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 pre-procedure did not show a worse outcome.

Abstract We applied the analytic methodology described by Lima et published in Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Interna to a sample of 211 patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation admitted due to acute ischemic stroke or transient cerebral ischemia. We report 146 patients (69,2%) eligible that were not anticoagulated. These patients presented a higher comorbidity index than those anticoagulated. We consider that future studies could in-clude this analysis.

Resumo Aplicamos o protocolo de análise descrito por Lima et al publicado na Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Interna a 211 doentes com fibrilhação auricular não valvular admitidos por acidente vascular cerebral isquémico ou acidente isquémico transitório. Detectamos 146 doentes (69,2%) elegíveis para anticoagulação que não estavam medicados em concordância. Estes apresentavam um índice de comorbilidade era mais elevado do que os anticoagulados. Consideramos que esta análise deverá ser contemplada em trabalhos futuros.

ABSTRACT The elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone) is one of the species with great prominence for energy production because of its favorable traits, such as high yield and short cycle, combined with several biomass quality characteristics. Therefore, this study intended to evaluate the morpho-agronomic traits of eight elephant grass genotypes under different cutting ages. A randomized block design with three replicates was applied to the experiment, and plots were composed of a 12 m long line divided into six subplots for each of the bimonthly cuts. Eight genotypes were evaluated in the plots, and the cutting ages (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12-mo) were analyzed in the subplots. The following traits were assessed: DM yield, (DMY) percentage of DM, and average plant height (HEI). All genetic-statistical analyses were conducted using the Genes Program. The evaluated genotypes showed nonsignificant differences, indicating that, for the evaluated traits, these genotypes are genetically similar. Most genotypes presented linear effect of 2nd degree in the two assessment cuts, pointing they did not reach their maximum capacity of DMY in the time interval of the evaluated cuts. The maximum %DM achieved for the most genotypes occurred at about 9-mo age, while genotypes Vruckwona and BAG-86 at about 10-mo age. The maximum points for HEI trait were between 8 and 10-mo age. Increasing the cutting interval leads to increases in DM yield, with the 10-mo cutting age being the most efficient, resulting in higher yields.

Resumo: Introdução: No Brasil, estima-se que haja 45,6 milhões de pessoas com alguma deficiência. As disparidades de saúde enfrentadas pelas pessoas com deficiência (PCD) decorrem, entre outros fatores, do acesso inadequado aos cuidados de saúde e da formação deficiente dos profissionais para lidar com essas situações. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar a presença de aspectos relacionados com a atenção à saúde das PCD nos currículos dos cursos de Medicina do Brasil. Método: Foi realizada análise documental dos projetos pedagógicos dos cursos, dos currículos, das ementas de componentes curriculares e dos conteúdos programáticos, incluindo pesquisas em sites de 328 cursos de Medicina (42% públicos e 58% privados) autorizados pelo Ministério da Educação. As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) do Curso de Graduação em Medicina foram adotadas como referencial teórico. A classificação considerada foi: classe I - atendimento mínimo do projeto pedagógico às recomendações sobre o cuidado para PCD, pela estrita transcrição do texto das DCN, e classe II - inclusão nas ementas e nos conteúdos programáticos dos componentes curriculares de atividades voltadas ao desenvolvimento de competências clínicas especificamente relacionadas ao cuidado destinado à saúde das PCD, incluindo comunicação, exame clínico e aspectos éticos. Resultado: Documentos de 171 cursos estavam disponíveis para análise adequada. Desse total, em 89 cursos (52%) foi identificada a inclusão de aspectos relacionados ao cuidado com PCD, sendo mais prevalente nos cursos públicos (n = 56; 62,9%). Em 50 (29,2%) cursos, observou-se a inclusão do ensino da Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras). Os conteúdos curriculares identificados foram predominantemente focados na classe I (n = 80; 89,9%), com absoluta falta de descrição das estratégias processuais para promover o desenvolvimento de competências clínicas relacionadas ao cuidado para PCD. Conclusão: No contexto brasileiro, os dados apontam para uma situação dramática no que se refere à invisibilidade das questões relativas às PCD na formação médica e para a necessidade de desenvolvimento e implementação de estratégias educacionais especificamente voltadas para o cuidado com as PCD nos currículos médicos. O estudo reforça o papel essencial do cuidado competente destinado à saúde das PCD como estratégia que visa à mitigação das iniquidades de saúde enfrentadas por essas pessoas.

Abstract: Introduction: In Brazil, official data estimate there are 45.6 million people with some type of disability and legislation establishes that medical schools should prepare future professionals for the essential care for people with disabilities (PWD). Health disparities faced by PWD are due, among other factors, to inadequate access to healthcare and poor training of professionals to deal with these situations. Objective: To identify the presence of aspects related to PWD healthcare in the curricula of medical courses in Brazil. Method: A documentary analysis of curricula and syllabuses was performed and included research in websites of 328 medical courses (42% public and 58% private) authorized by the Brazilian Ministry of Education. The Brazilian National Curricular Guidelines (NCG) were adopted as a theoretical framework (Brazil, 2014). The classification considered was: Class I - minimum attendance of the pedagogical project to the recommendations on care for PWD, due to the strict transcription of the NCG text and Class II - inclusion in the syllabus and programmatic content of the reference curricular components to the development of specifically related clinical skills to the health care of the PWD, including communication, clinical examination skills and ethical aspects. Results: Documents from 171 courses were available for analysis and the inclusion of aspects related to PWD healthcare was identified in 89 courses (52%). This inclusion was more prevalent in public courses (n=56; 62,9%) than in private ones. The inclusion of the teaching of the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) was observed In 50 courses (29.2%). The curricular contents were predominantly focused on the Class I (n=80;89,9%) with an absolute lack of description of the procedural strategies to promote the development of clinical competencies related to PWD care. Conclusion: Our study reinforces the need to improve this approach in medical school curricula since providers can play an essential role in mitigating health disparities faced by PWD through competent care. In the Brazilian context, our data point out to a dramatic situation consistent with the invisibility of PWD issues; a need for the development and implementation of PWD-specific educational curricula.

OBJECTIVES: Women with invasive placentation (IP) are at high risk of life-threatening hemorrhage. In the last two decades, less invasive surgical approaches combined with endovascular procedures have proven to be safe. Most case series describe the use of temporary balloon occlusion and embolization, either combined or not. Concerning hemorrhage rates, each separate interventional approach performs better than surgery alone does, yet it is not clear whether the combination of multiple interventional techniques can be beneficial and promote a lower incidence of intrapartum bleeding. We aim to evaluate whether combining temporary balloon occlusion of the internal iliac artery and uterine artery embolization promotes better hemorrhage control than do other individual interventional approaches reported in the scientific literature in the context of cesarean birth followed by hysterectomy in patients with IP. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of patients with confirmed IP who underwent temporary balloon occlusion and embolization of the internal iliac arteries followed by puerperal hysterectomy. We compared patient results to data extracted from a recent systematic review and meta-analysis of the current literature that focused on interventional procedures in patients with IP. RESULTS: A total of 35 patients underwent the procedure during the study period in our institution. The mean volume of packed red blood cells and the estimated blood loss were 487.9 mL and 1193 mL, respectively. Four patients experienced complications that were attributed to the endovascular procedure. CONCLUSION: The combination of temporary balloon occlusion and uterine artery embolization does not seem to promote better hemorrhage control than each procedure performed individually does.

ABSTRACT The efficient use of fodder and grassland as the basis of animal feed represents a way of raising productivity and reducing production costs. In this scenario, elephant-grass stands out among the most used forages in the intensive animal production systems in the world mainly due to its high productive potential, support capacity and nutritional quality. The purpose of this work was to estimate genetic parameters for the selection of elephant-grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) clones for forage production in two seasons, a period of water restriction and the total period of study. We evaluated 80 accessions of elephant-grass by means of the mixed-models methodology (REML/BLUP). The evaluation of DM yield (DMY) of the different genotypes were executed in edaphoclimatic conditions in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Selegen-REML/BLUP software accomplished the statistical and genetic analyses. It was seen that the DMY trait was with a low estimate of coefficient of genotypic variation (3.08%), which demonstrates possible difficulties with the selection for this trait. Heritability-coefficient estimate was 0.3606 for the dry season and 0.4193 for the total period. Those results were the variation in that trait due to genetic causes. Although those values may not be considered of high magnitude, they are of great interest for the breeding mainly because it is a polygenic trait. In both periods, genotypes 7, 25, 41, 43, 57, 58, 62, 64, 68, and 77 stood out among the others, since it presented the highest genetic gains for DMY, which will enhance progress in the evaluated trait.

Este trabajo presenta un método para la priorización de nuevos proyectos de tecnología de la información (TI) utilizando un método de análisis multicriterio y una modelización del proceso de negocio utilizando un Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN). Se utilizó como estudio de caso en el sector de TI de una institución educativa. En principio se modeló el proceso de priorización de nuevos proyectos del sector, a continuación, fue realizado el levantamiento de criterios, asignación de pesos y valores, divididos entre dos evaluaciones: gestión y TI. A través de la ejecución del método PROMETHEE, se obtiene un ranking utilizando como ejemplo seis proyectos del sector TI. También se presentan por separado dos rankings con las evaluaciones de gestión y de TI para la comparación. El análisis de los resultados permite concluir que es viable la utilización de un proceso bien definido en la gestión de cartera de proyectos.

Este trabalho apresenta um método para a priorização de novos projetos de tecnologia da informação (TI) utilizando um método de análise multicritério e uma modelagem do processo de negócio utilizando a Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN). Foi utilizado como estudo de caso o setor de TI de uma instituição de ensino. De início foi modelado o processo de priorização de novos projetos do setor, em seguida, foi realizado o levantamento de critérios, atribuição de pesos e valores, divididos entre duas avaliações: gestão e TI. Através da execução do método PROMETHEE, é obtido um ranking utilizando como exemplo seis projetos do setor de TI. São, ainda, apresentados separadamente dois rankings com as avaliações da gestão e da TI a fim de comparação. A análise dos resultados permite concluir que é viável a utilização de um processo bem definido na gestão de portfólio de projetos.

This research presents a method for prioritization new information technology (IT)projects using a method of multi-criteria analysis and modeling of the business process using the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) notation. The IT department of an educational institution was used as a case study. At first the process of prioritizing new projects of sector was modeled, then survey criteria were carried out, assigning weights and values divided between two evaluations: management and IT. Through the implementation of PROMETHEE method a ranking is obtained using as example six projects of IT department. Two rankings with management and IT reviews are presented separately to compare both. Analysis of the results shows that it is feasible to use a well-defined process in portfolio management.

Abstract Mosquito midgut microbiota is a key component of vector competence, as gut bacteria can disturb pathogen development. In this study, we addressed the microbiota composition of Aedes aegypti during its lifespan, under field conditions. We also investigated the possible effects of environment, dietary regime and ageing on the gut community composition. We employed culture independent and dependent approaches to characterise vector microbiota. There was evidence of a lifelong stable core microbiota after mosquitoes were released into an urban settlement, where they presumably fed on a range of vertebrate hosts and carbohydrate sources. This core was formed mainly of bacteria belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas and Stenotrophomonas and to the families Oxalobacteraceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Comamonadaceae. We showed that both dietary regime and age were associated with the abundance of some bacterial groups in the Ae. aegypti microbiota. The majority of the bacterial groups we identified have been detected in the midgut of Ae. aegypti from laboratory and wild populations, indicating a possible core microbiota associated with this mosquito species. Our findings suggest that Ae. aegypti harbours a stable bacterial community during its adult life, similar to mosquito populations from distinct geographic areas, which may be further explored for arbovirus biocontrol strategies.

RESUMO A ferrugem asiática da soja, cujo agente etiológico é o fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi, causa redução da área foliar fotossintética e diminui a produtividade da cultura, sendo o controle químico uma das principais medidas no seu manejo. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia e a seletividade do fungicida fluxapiroxade no controle da ferrugem asiática na cultura da soja, em condições edafoclimáticas do Cerrado. O experimento foi conduzido em área sob sistema de plantio direto, no Centro de Pesquisa Agrícola, Rio Verde, Goiás, durante a safra 2012/2013, utilizando a cultivar NA 7337. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso, com doze tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de aplicação de fluxapiroxade (FX), piraclostrobina (PT), epoxiconazol (EX) e metconazol (MZ). A severidade média da doença nas plantas chegou a 37% na testemunha. Todos os tratamentos contendo fungicidas diferiram da testemunha. Os tratamentos 9, 10, 11 e 12 foram os que proporcionaram maiores níveis de controle da ferrugem asiática, os tratamentos 10, 11 e 12 alcançaram maiores massa de mil grãos e os tratamentos 2, 3 e 11 foram mais produtivos que a testemunha, porém inferiores aos 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 e 12, sendo estes estatisticamente iguais. O incremento de produtividade em relação à testemunha variou de 10,05% (piraclostrobina, epoxiconazol + piraclostrobina + óleo mineral) a 30,55% (piraclostrobina, piraclostrobina + fluxapiroxade + óleo mineral, piraclostrobina + metconazol + óleo mineral). Os maiores níveis de controle foram evidenciados nos fungicidas contendo fluxapiroxade.

ABSTRACT The etiologic agent of the Asian soybean rust is the Phakopsora pachyrhizi, which causes a reduction in the photosynthetic leaf area and, consequently, in the crop yield. Chemical control is one of the main measures for its management. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficacy and selectivity of the fluxapyroxad fungicide on controlling the Asian soybean rust, under the edaphoclimatic conditions of the Cerrado biome. The experiment was conducted in an area under no-tillage system, in the Agricultural Research Center, Rio Verde, Goias, Brazil, during the 2012/2013 crop season, using the cultivar NA7337. A randomized block experimental design was used, with twelve treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of applications of fluxapyroxad (FX), pyraclostrobin (PT), epoxiconazole (EX) and metconazole (MZ). The average severity of the disease in the plants reached 37% in the Control. All treatments with fungicides differed from the Control. Treatments 9, 10, 11 and 12 provided the greatest rates of soybean rust control. The treatments 10, 11 and 12 had the highest thousand grain weights, and the yields of the treatments 2, 3 and 11, despite higher than the Control, were lower than the treatments 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 12, which had statistically equal yields. The increasing in yield, compared to the Control, ranged from 10.05% (pyraclostrobin, epoxiconazole + pyraclostrobin + mineral oil) to 30.55% (pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad + mineral oil and pyraclostrobin + metconazole + mineral oil). The highest rates of soybean rust control were presented by fungicides containing fluxapyroxad.

RESUMO. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o estado nutricional, produção e composição de pêssegos em pessegueiros submetidos à aplicação de composto orgânico no solo. O experimento foi conduzido, na safra 2008 e 2009, em um pomar da cultivar Chimarrita, enxertada sobre o porta-enxerto Capdeboscq e cultivadas em um solo Cambissolo Húmico, no município de Farroupilha (Estado do Rio Grande do Sul). Os tratamentos foram 0, 9, 18, 36, 72 e 144 litros de composto orgânico por planta-1 ano-1. Avaliou-se o teor de nutrientes totais nas folhas, componentes de produção, produção por planta e hectare e a composição dos frutos em 2008 e 2009, logo depois da colheita e 30 dias após armazenamento. A aplicação de composto orgânico no solo, aumenta os valores de componentes de produção e a produção de pêssego por planta e hectare, nas duas maiores quantidades de composto fornecidas, o que economicamente indica a melhor dose de 72 L de composto por planta-1. A adição de composto orgânico na superfície do solo não afeta o estado nutricional e pouco afeta a composição dos pêssegos após a colheita e depois de 30 dias do armazenamento.

ABSTRACT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutritional state, yield and composition of peaches on peach trees subjected to the application of organic compost to the soil. This experiment was conducted during the 2008 and 2009 cropping season in an orchard containing Chimarrita cultivars grafted onto Capdeboscq rootstocks and Haplumbrept soils in the municipality of Farroupilha (Rio Grande do Sul State), Brazil. The treatments included 0, 9, 18, 36, 72 and 144 liters of organic compost per plant-1 year-1. The total nutrient contents in the leaves, yield components, yields per plant and hectare and compositions of the fruits were evaluated in 2008 and 2009 soon after harvest and after 30 days of storage. The application of organic compost to the soil increased the yield components and the yields per plant and hectare in the two treatments with the highest compost additions, which indicated that the addition of 72 L of compost per plant-1 is ideal economically. The organic compost had little effect on the composition of the peach fruit after harvest and after 30 days of storage.

A aplicação de composto orgânico no solo pode incrementar a produção de pêssego, porém parte do N pode ser perdido por lixiviação e volatilização. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o estado nutricional das plantas, a produção de pêssego, a lixiviação de formas de N no solo e a volatilização de N-NH3 em um pomar de pessegueiro com a adição de composto orgânico produzido a partir de resíduos de agroindústrias de suco, resíduos de abatedouro de aves e serragem. O pomar foi implantado em 2009 e, em julho de 2010, 2011 e 2012, foram aplicados 0, 3, 6, 12 e 24L de composto por m2 e avaliaram-se os teores totais de nutrientes nas folhas e a produção. Em 2012, usando lisímetros instalados a 20 e a 40cm de profundidade, avaliaram-se as formas de N lixiviadas na solução percolada nos tratamentos 0 e 24L de composto. Usando câmeras coletoras, foi avaliada a volatilização de N-NH3 em todos os tratamentos até 478h depois da deposição do composto no solo. A aplicação de composto na superfície do solo incrementou o teor de K e N nas folhas completas, aumentando a produção de frutos. A aplicação de composto no florescimento aumentou a concentração de nitrato na solução do solo, somente na profundidade de 20cm. A emissão de amônia aumentou com o incremento da dose de composto aplicado, especialmente e nos períodos de maior temperatura

The application of organic compost to the soil can increase the production of peach, although part of the N may be lost by leaching and volatilization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status, yield of peaches, leaching of N forms and volatilization of NH3-N in a peach orchard with the addition of compost produced from agroindustrial juice waste, poultry slaughterhouse residues and sawdust. The orchard was established in 2009, and in july 2010, 2011 and 2012 the quantities of 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24L of organic compost per m2 were applied on a peach orchard and the total nutrient content in leaves and production was evaluated. In 2012, using lysimeters installed at 20 and 40cm deep in the soil, it was measured the forms of N in the solution in the treatments of 0 and 24L of compost. The volatilization of NH3-N was assessed in all the treatments up to 478h after compost application on the soil. The application of compost on the soil surface increased the content of K and N in whole leaves, increasing fruit production. The compost application at flowering increased the concentration of nitrate in the soil solution at a depth of only 20cm. The ammonia emission increased especially with the augmenting dose of compost applied, and in periods of higher temperature

Two hypotheses for how conditions for larval mosquitoes affect vectorial capacity make opposite predictions about the relationship of adult size and frequency of infection with vector-borne pathogens. Competition among larvae produces small adult females. The competition-susceptibility hypothesis postulates that small females are more susceptible to infection and predicts frequency of infection should decrease with size. The competition-longevity hypothesis postulates that small females have lower longevity and lower probability of becoming competent to transmit the pathogen and thus predicts frequency of infection should increase with size. We tested these hypotheses for Aedes aegypti in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during a dengue outbreak. In the laboratory, longevity increases with size, then decreases at the largest sizes. For field-collected females, generalised linear mixed model comparisons showed that a model with a linear increase of frequency of dengue with size produced the best Akaike&#8217;s information criterion with a correction for small sample sizes (AICc). Consensus prediction of three competing models indicated that frequency of infection increases monotonically with female size, consistent with the competition-longevity hypothesis. Site frequency of infection was not significantly related to site mean size of females. Thus, our data indicate that uncrowded, low competition conditions for larvae produce the females that are most likely to be important vectors of dengue. More generally, ecological conditions, particularly crowding and intraspecific competition among larvae, are likely to affect vector-borne pathogen transmission in nature, in this case via effects on longevity of resulting adults. Heterogeneity among individual vectors in likelihood of infection is a generally important outcome of ecological conditions impacting vectors as larvae.