Abstract This study aimed to obtain physicochemical characteristics and the fatty acid profile of bocaiuva nut oil and to evaluate the impact of its daily consumption on glucose, lipid, and energy metabolism in mice. The acidity content in the bocaiuva nut oil exceeded the maximum limit for crude oils (5.68 mg KOH g-1). However, the peroxide value is within the standard considered adequate for crude oils (3.33 mEq O2 kg-1). In the fatty acid profile, lauric (42.25%) and oleic (23.96%), saturated and monounsaturated, respectively, stand out. After 90 days of in vivo experimentation, the administered oil doses had not influenced the animals' food intake and body weight. Regarding the biochemical parameters, only the non-HDL fraction showed a significant difference, considering that this parameter represents the sum of atherogenic lipoproteins directly linked to atherogenic cholesterol. However, there was no statistical difference between the groups regarding histological changes in the liver, showing that the bocaiuva oil does not cause considerable damage to the liver, even though it is saturated oil. Results show that daily consumption of bocaiuva nut oil did not produce metabolic changes in mice.

Abstract New speech spaces are new listening spaces. Contemporary poetry is a poetic-political and democratic space, which has as its main concept freedom of expression and free dialogue as a tool for the construction of new horizons. This possibility of dialogue, associated with the reconfiguration of crystallized spaces of speech (colonizing) and listening (colonized), traverses discussions about the empowerment of subalternized groups in their processes of self-affirmation, self-valorization, self-recognition and voicing of suffocated social demands. By perceiving the contemporary scenario as a space of contention, it is important that we pay attention to which voices have been silenced over time and what we can do, how we can act so that they become truly vocal, and not just visual, no longer treated as an object of study of those who, throughout history, have dominated the cultural debate to try to explain the world from a European, or an allegedly European, point of view. In this sense, the indigenous poetry of Graça Graúna, characterized by its indigeneity and the cut-bond metaphor, and the poetry slam of Mel Duarte, Gabz and Stephanie Borges, full of writing-experiences, ancestral references and corporalities, mark the insurrection of a body — individual and collective — that seeks the word as an instrument of struggle and empowerment in the path of decoloniality. For such aesthetic analyses, we used poems from the books Tear da palavra (2007), Querem nos calar: poemas para serem lidos em voz alta (2019), As 29 poetas hoje (2021) and Slam Grito's YouTube channel.

Resumen Los nuevos espacios de habla son nuevos espacios de escucha. Esta posibilidad de diálogo, asociada a la reconfiguración de los lugares cristalizados de la palabra (colonizador) y de la escucha (colonizado), atraviesa discusiones sobre el empoderamiento de los grupos que fueron subordinados, en sus procesos de autoafirmación, autovalorización, autorreconocimiento y desbordamiento de demandas sociales reprimidas. Cuando percibimos el escenario contemporáneo como un espacio de disputa, es importante que prestemos atención a qué voces han sido silenciadas a lo largo del tiempo y qué podemos hacer, cómo podemos actuar para que sean verdaderamente vocales y no solo visuales, no más tratado como objeto de estudio por quienes, a lo largo de la historia, han dominado el debate cultural para tratar de explicar el mundo desde un punto de vista europeo, o supuestamente europeo. En ese sentido, la poesía indígena de Graça Graúna, caracterizada por su indianidad y la metáfora de la ruptura de lazos, y la poesía slam de Mel Duarte, Gabz y Stephanie Borges, llena de escritos, ancestralidad y corporeidad marcan la insurrección de un cuerpo – individual y colectivo – que busca la palabra como instrumento de lucha y empoderamiento en el camino de la decolonialidad. Para tales análisis estéticos se utilizarán poemas de los libros Tear da Palavra (2007), Quieren callarnos: poemas para leer en voz alta (2019), Los 29 poetas hoy (2021) y el canal de youtube Slam Grito.

Resumo Novos espaços de fala são novos espaços de escuta. Essa possibilidade de diálogo, associada à reconfiguração dos lugares cristalizados de fala (colonizador) e de escuta (colonizado), atravessa as discussões acerca do empoderamento de grupos que foram subalternizados em seus processos de autoafirmação, de autovalorização, de autorreconhecimento e de extravasamento de demandas sociais sufocadas. Ao percebermos o cenário contemporâneo como espaço de disputa, é importante que nos atentemos a que vozes têm sido silenciadas ao longo do tempo e ao que podemos fazer, a como podemos atuar para que elas se tornem verdadeiramente vocais, e não apenas visuais, não mais tratadas como objeto de estudo daqueles que, ao longo da história, dominaram o debate cultural para tentar explicar o mundo de um ponto de vista europeu, ou pretensamente europeu. Nesse sentido, a poesia indígena de Graça Graúna, caracterizada por sua indianidade e pela metáfora do corte-vínculo, e o poetry slam de Mel Duarte, Gabz e Stephanie Borges, repletos de escrevivências, de ancestralidades e de corporeidades, marcam a insurreição de um corpo — individual e coletivo — que busca a palavra como instrumento de luta e de empoderamento no caminho da decolonialidade. Para tais análises estéticas, serão utilizados poemas presentes nos livros Tear da palavra (2007), Querem nos calar: poemas para serem lidos em voz alta (2019), As 29 poetas hoje (2021) e no canal do YouTube do Slam Grito.

Abstract Background Pancreaticoduodenectomy is associated with high morbidity. Many preoperative variables are risk factors for postoperative complications, but they are primarily non-modifiable. It is not clear whether an intraoperative goal-directed fluid regimen might be associated with fewer postoperative surgical complications compared to current conservative, non-goal-directed fluid practices. We hypothesize that the use of Systolic Volume Variation (SVV)-guided intraoperative fluid administration might be beneficial. Methods Data from 223 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy in our institution between 2015 and 2019 were reviewed. Patients were classified into two groups based on the use of intraoperative use of SVV to guide the administration of fluids. The decision to use SVV or not was made by the attending anesthesiologist. Subjects were classified into SVV-guided intraoperative fluid therapy (SVV group) and non-SVV-guided intraoperative fluid therapy (non-SVV group). Uni and multivariate regression analyses were conducted to determine if SVV-guided fluid therapy was significantly associated with a lower incidence of postoperative surgical complications, such as Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula (POPF), Delayed Gastric Emptying (DGE), among others, after adjusting for confounders. Results Baseline, demographic, and intraoperative characteristics were similar between SVV and non-SVV groups. In the multivariate analysis, the use of SVV guidance was significantly associated with fewer postoperative surgical complications (OR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.25-0.91; p= 0.025), even after adjusting for significant covariates, such as perioperative use of epidural, pancreatic gland parenchyma texture, and diameter of the pancreatic duct. Conclusions VV-guided intraoperative fluid administration might be associated with fewer postoperative surgical complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Abstract Palm trees are the third most important botanical family for humans because of their potential use in oils, drugs, cosmetics, food, and feed. Despite their importance, little information on their genetics and molecular variations exists, and a better understanding could contribute to breeding programs. This study aimed to determine the amount, distribution, and organization of plastid simple sequence repeats (cpSSRs) and their potential use in breeding in 52 species belonging to the order Arecales. Plastid genomes were analyzed to identify cpSSRs according to their nature, position, and presence in genic or intergenic regions. Primer pairs were validated in silico for amplification and polymorphisms in these SSRs and their dissimilarities were evaluated. The results showed a high frequency of mononucleotide repeats in the intergenic regions. Approximately 76 primer pairs were generated and are suggested for further studies. The dissimilarity analysis of cpSSRs showed that mono- and trinucleotides were highly abundant in plastid SSRs.

RESUMO: O meio sintético contendo glicose, glicerol, extrato de levedura (YE) e sulfato de amônio (AS) foi comparado a meios de baixo custo para produzir alto índice de emulsificação (EI). Para este fim, os subprodutos agroindustriais foram rastreados quanto à produção de bioemulsificante por Yarrowia lipolytica. A análise estatística mostrou que EI de meios contendo óleo de fritura residual de óleo de palma (RFO_palm) ou óleo de soja (RFO_soy), líquido residual da produção de manteiga (soro de manteiga, BWhey) ou da produção de queijo (soro de queijo, CWhey), suplementado com YE e AS foram semelhantes ao EI do meio sintético. A substituição do YE por milhocina (CSL) também resultou em EI semelhante, exceto no RFO_soy. O BWhey foi testado com CSL sem AS e EI semelhante (66,8%) foi detectado em comparação com o mesmo meio com AS (66,3%). O meio isento de células obtido após o crescimento de Y. lipolytica no meio BWhey + CSL foi utilizado com sucesso para obter emulsões de óleo vegetal em água, indicando sua potencial aplicação em produtos alimentícios.

ABSTRACT: A synthetic medium containing glucose, glycerol, yeast extract (YE), and ammonium sulfate (AS) was compared to several low-cost media in their ability to produce high emulsification index (EI). The goal was to reduce the production costs of an emulsifier with application in food oil-in-water emulsions. To this end, agro-industrial by-products were screened for bioemulsifier production from Yarrowia lipolytica. The statistical analysis showed that the EIs of media containing residual frying oil from palm oil (RFO_palm) or soybean oil (RFO_soy), residual liquid from butter production (butter whey, BWhey) or cheese production (cheese whey, CWhey), supplemented with YE and AS were similar to the EI of the synthetic medium. The replacement of YE by corn steep liquor (CSL) also resulted in similar EI, except for RFO_soy. BWhey was tested with CSL without AS and similar EI (66.8%) was detected in comparison to that of the same medium with AS (66.3%). The cell-free broth obtained after Y. lipolytica growth in BWhey+CSL was successfully used to obtain vegetable oil-in-water emulsions indicating its potential application in food products.

Resumo Fundamentos: O excesso de peso vem sendo considerado um importante problema de saúde pública. Na tentativa de reverter esse quadro, são propostos diversos tipos de tratamento. O óleo de cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius) vem sendo utilizado na prevenção/tratamento da obesidade. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos terapêuticos desse óleo em um modelo experimental de síndrome metabólica. Métodos: Inicialmente foram utilizados ratos Wistar alimentados com dieta altamente palatável (AP) por dez semanas. Após, os animais receberam a dieta AP com suplementação de óleo de soja (APOS) ou óleo de cártamo (APOC), na dosagem 1,0 ml/1000 g de peso do animal. No final do experimento, a composição corporal, o perfil lipídico e glicemia dos animais foram avaliados. Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste t de Student. Resultados: Na primeira fase (indução da síndrome metabólica), os animais que receberam a dieta AP mostraram ganho de peso (p < 0,001), adiposidade visceral (p = 0,001), glicemia (p = 0,001) e triglicerídeos séricos (p = 0,03) significativamente mais elevados do que aqueles do grupo controle. Além disso, houve uma diferença no peso do fígado (p = 0,01). Esses resultados demonstram que a administração de dieta AP é um modelo eficaz para o estudo experimental da síndrome metabólica. Na segunda etapa, os animais do grupo APOC mostraram aumento de colesterol total (p < 0,05) e de LDL-colesterol (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Sob as condições experimentais referidas, conclui-se que a utilização de óleo de cártamo pode causar efeitos deletérios sobre o perfil lipídico em um modelo experimental de síndrome metabólica.

Abstract Background: Overweight has been considered an important public health problem. To reverse this situation, various types of treatment are proposed. The safflower oil (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has been used in the prevention/treatment of obesity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of this oil in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome. Methods: Male Wistar rats initially received a highly palatable (HP) diet for ten weeks for validation of a metabolic syndrome model. Following confirmation, the animals were treated with a HP diet and soybean oil (HPSO) or safflower oil (HPSA) supplementation (1.0 mL/1000 g of animal weight). At the end of the experiment, the body composition, lipid profile and blood glucose levels of the animals were assessed. Student t test was used for statistical analysis. Results: In the first stage (induction of metabolic syndrome), the animals given the HP diet showed gain weight (p < 0.001), visceral adiposity (p = 0.001), and significantly higher levels of blood glucose (p = 0.001) and triglycerides (p = 0.03) than those of the control group. Also, there was a difference in liver weight (p = 0.01). These results demonstrate that the HP diet administration is an effective model for the experimental metabolic syndrome study. In the second stage, the animals of the HPSA group showed increased total cholesterol (p < 0.05) and LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) levels. Conclusion: Under the referred experimental conditions, the use of safflower oil can cause possible deleterious effects on the lipid profile in a metabolic syndrome experimental model.

A Ciclosporina A (CsA) é uma droga imunossupressora amplamente utilizada que está associada a diversos efeitos colaterais, dentre eles hepatotoxicidade. Heteropterys tomentosaé uma planta brasileira eficiente na redução dos danos causados pela CsA nos testículos e próstata de ratos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da CsA e H. tomentosa(administrados isolada ou simultaneamente) no fígado de ratos Wistar. Os animais foram tratados diariamente com água (controle), CsA (15mg/kg/dia), infusão de H. tomentosa ou CsA+H. tomentosa, por 21 ou 56 dias. Os tratamentos não alteraram a morfologia do fígado nem causaram fibrose. A administração de H. tomentosapor 21 dias aumentou o número de núcleos de hepatócitos e proporção volumétrica de células de Kupffer. Após 56 dias de tratamento, a administração de H. tomentosanão alterou os parâmetros analisados. As dosagens bioquímicas plasmáticas e a estereologia do fígado revelaram danos causados pelo tratamento com CsA por 21 dias; estes resultados não foram observados após 56 dias de tratamento. O tratamento simultâneo com CsA e H. tomentosapor 21 e 56 dias não atenuou ou acentuou os efeitos hepáticos da CsA. O presente estudo revelou que o tratamento com a CsA por 21 dias causou mais alterações ao fígado que o tratamento durante 56 dias; isso pode estar relacionado a recuperação hepática após o tratamento a longo prazo.

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a widely employed immunosuppressive drug that is associated with several side effects, among then hepatotoxicity. Heteropterys tomentosais a Brazilian plant efficient in reducing damage caused by CsA on the rat testis and prostate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CsA and H. tomentosa(administered isolated or simultaneously) on the liver of Wistar rats. The animals were treated daily with water (control), CsA (15mg/kg/day), H. tomentosainfusion or CsA+H. tomentosa, for 21 or 56 days. The treatments did not alter liver morphology or cause fibrosis. H. tomentosaadministered for 21 days increased the number of hepatocyte nuclei and Kupffer cell volumetric proportion. After 56 days of treatment, H. tomentosaadministration did not alter the parameters analyzed. Biochemical plasma dosages and liver stereology showed impairment caused by CsA-treatment after 21 days; these results were not observed after 56 days of treatment. The simultaneous treatment with CsA and H. tomentosafor 21 or 56 days did not alleviate nor accentuate CsA hepatic effects. The present study showed that the 21 days treatment with CsA caused more alteration to the liver than the 56 days treatment; this could be related to hepatic recovery after the long term treatment.

OBJETIVO:descrever a evolução do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan) e do estado nutricional de crianças indígenas menores de cinco anos de idade no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de 2002 a 2011.MÉTODOS:estudo descritivo, realizado a partir de dados provenientes dos relatórios de gestão do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena de Mato Grosso do Sul (DSEI/MS), referentes a todas as crianças indígenas menores dessa idade que tiveram seu estado nutricional avaliado pelo indicador 'peso por idade'.RESULTADOS:observou-se aumento da cobertura do Sisvan Indígena de 82,0% em 2002 para 97,2% em 2011, acompanhado da redução na prevalência de baixo peso de 16,0 para 6,5% no período.CONCLUSÃO:houve aumento da cobertura do Sisvan indígena e significativa redução da desnutrição infantil no período estudado; entretanto, não se pode negligenciar os grandes desafios, todavia existentes, para promoção da saúde e nutrição infantil nessa população.

OBJECTIVE:to describe the evolution of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) and the nutritional status of indigenous children aged under five between 2002 and 2011 in state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.METHODS:this was a descriptive study based on Mato Grosso do Sul Special Indigenous Health District management report data relating to all old indigenous children aged under five monitored in the period 2002-2011 according to weight-for-age.RESULTS:we found that indigenous SISVAN coverage increased from 82.0% in 2002 to 97.2% in 2011, accompanied by a reduction in underweight prevalence from 16.0% to 6.5%.CONCLUSION:in the study period there was an increase in indigenous SISVAN coverage and a significant reduction in child malnutrition. However, the promotion of child health and nutrition in this population still faces considerable challenges.

OBJETIVO:describir la evolución del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentar y Nutricional (Sisvan) y del estado nutricional de niños indígenas menores de cinco años de edad en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, en el período de 2002 a 2011.MÉTODOS:estudio descriptivo, realizado a partir de datos provenientes de los informes de gestión del Distrito Sanitario Especial Indígena de Mato Grosso do Sul (DSEI/MS), referentes a todos los niños indígenas menores de esa edad que tuvieron su estado nutricional evaluado por el indicador 'peso por edad'.RESULTADOS:se observó un aumento de la cobertura del Sisvan Indígena de 82,0% en 2002 para 97,2% en 2011, acompañado de la reducción en la prevalencia de bajo peso de 16,0 para 6,5% en el período.CONCLUSIÓN:hubo un aumento en la cobertura del Sisvan indígena y una significativa reducción de la desnutrición infantil en el período estudiado; no obstante, no se debe ser negligente con los grandes desafíos, todavía existentes, para la promoción de la salud y la nutrición infantil en esa población.

OBJETIVO: descrever a evolução do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan) e do estado nutricional de crianças indígenas menores de cinco anos de idade no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de 2002 a 2011. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, realizado a partir de dados provenientes dos relatórios de gestão do Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena de Mato Grosso do Sul (DSEI/MS), referentes a todas as crianças indígenas menores dessa idade que tiveram seu estado nutricional avaliado pelo indicador 'peso por idade'. RESULTADOS: observou-se aumento da cobertura do Sisvan Indígena de 82,0% em 2002 para 97,2% em 2011, acompanhado da redução na prevalência de baixo peso de 16,0 para 6,5% no período. CONCLUSÃO: houve aumento da cobertura do Sisvan indígena e significativa redução da desnutrição infantil no período estudado; entretanto, não se pode negligenciar os grandes desafios, todavia existentes, para promoção da saúde e nutrição infantil nessa população.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the evolution of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) and the nutritional status of indigenous children aged under five between 2002 and 2011 in state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: this was a descriptive study based on Mato Grosso do Sul Special Indigenous Health District management report data relating to all old indigenous children aged under five monitored in the period 2002-2011 according to weight-for-age. RESULTS: we found that indigenous SISVAN coverage increased from 82.0% in 2002 to 97.2% in 2011, accompanied by a reduction in underweight prevalence from 16.0% to 6.5%. CONCLUSION: in the study period there was an increase in indigenous SISVAN coverage and a significant reduction in child malnutrition. However, the promotion of child health and nutrition in this population still faces considerable challenges.

OBJETIVO: describir la evolución del Sistema de Vigilancia Alimentar y Nutricional (Sisvan) y del estado nutricional de niños indígenas menores de cinco años de edad en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, en el período de 2002 a 2011. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, realizado a partir de datos provenientes de los informes de gestión del Distrito Sanitario Especial Indígena de Mato Grosso do Sul (DSEI/MS), referentes a todos los niños indígenas menores de esa edad que tuvieron su estado nutricional evaluado por el indicador 'peso por edad'. RESULTADOS: se observó un aumento de la cobertura del Sisvan Indígena de 82,0% en 2002 para 97,2% en 2011, acompañado de la reducción en la prevalencia de bajo peso de 16,0 para 6,5% en el período. CONCLUSIÓN: hubo un aumento en la cobertura del Sisvan indígena y una significativa reducción de la desnutrición infantil en el período estudiado; no obstante, no se debe ser negligente con los grandes desafíos, todavía existentes, para la promoción de la salud y la nutrición infantil en esa población.

This study was undertaken to determine whether colon cancer (CC) and chronic swimming exercise alter rat testis. Eleven weeks old rats were distributed into control group (n=6) and the groups that were induced to develop CC by dimethylhydrazine injections (nEG, EG0, EG2 and EG4; n=10 each group). In the group nEG, the rats did not swim, whereas groups EG0, EG2 and EG4, underwent a swimming program with distinct loads (0, 2 and 4% of body mass, respectively) for 35 weeks. The morphometry, stereology and cell counts showed damage caused by the CC on the germ epithelium. These results were noteworthy since this was the first report to associate the CC with testicular damage. Swimming exercise had no significant role in reducing, or increasing the CC effects on the testis, despite having slightly improved the testis structure of the exercised rats without load. In conclusion, CC caused testis impairment, which could not be avoided by the swimming exercise.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible beneficial effects of Catuaba Cristal® (CC), an alcoholic drink made from wine and Erythroxylum catuaba Ar. Cam on testis. Wistar rats either received CC solution (n=8) or water (n=9). Results showed significant body weight reduction within the CC group, although, no weight changes were observed for liver, kidney, testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle and prostate. The volumetric proportion and volume of interstitial tissue and lymphatic space were reduced in the treated group. In the CC group, although the nuclear volume of Leydig cells (LC) decreased, the number of LC per testis increased. These results suggested that CC had no beneficial effect on spermatogenesis of Wistar rats.

The species Heteropterys aphrodisiaca is commonly used as a stimulant by popular medicine in the Cerrado, a savanna-like biome, Brazil. Recent studies have proved its protective effects on testes of animals submitted to treatment using Cyclosporine A, as well as its stimulus effect in increasing testosterone secretion. Therefore, the present study was designed to analyze whether the association of the plant infusion and endurance exercise could potentiate the stimulating effect. The animals were separated into 4 groups: two control (sedentary and trained) receiving water and two treated (sedentary and trained) receiving the plant infusion daily (104mg/day). The proportion of the seminiferous tubule compartment and interstitium was analyzed. Within the seminiferous epithelium, the number of Sertoli and germ cells were counted in order to evaluate whether the treatment would alter the spermatogenic dynamics, analyzing: the spermatogenic yield, the mitotic and meiotic indexes, the total number of germ cells and the Sertoli cell support capacity. Trained and treated animals showed increased spermatogenic yield and spermatogonia mitosis, and no significant differences in apoptotic indexes. Despite the results showing the same pattern regarding yield and mitotic index, the meiotic index was higher in the sedentary/treated group. Therefore, the H. aphrodisiaca infusion increased both the testosterone production and the spermatogonia mitosis, thus increasing the spermatogenic yield.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da mãe ou da cuidadora sobre o consumo de fibra alimentar por crianças e adolescentes com constipação crônica bem como sua relação com a ocorrência de excesso de peso. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 38 crianças e adolescentes com constipação funcional e suas respectivas cuidadoras. Para análise do consumo de fibra alimentar, foi utilizado o registro alimentar de três dias. Peso e estatura foram aferidos para verificar o estado nutricional. A história familiar de constipação foi investigada. RESULTADOS: A maioria dos pacientes com constipação (89,5%; 34/38) apresentava consumo insuficiente de fibra (inferior à idade +5g). Das 38 cuidadoras, apenas uma (2,6%) apresentou ingestão de fibra superior à recomendação mínima (20g/dia). Excesso de peso foi encontrado em 28,9% (11/38) dos pacientes e em 60,5% (23/38) das suas responsáveis. Associação entre excesso de peso e presença de constipação foi verificada entre as cuidadoras (p=0,046). As crianças e adolescentes do sexo feminino com excesso de peso apresentaram menor ingestão de fibra, comparadas às sem excesso de peso (p=0,011). Nos pacientes do sexo masculino, essa associação não foi observada. O consumo de fibra pelas cuidadoras com excesso de peso foi inferior ao das demais (p=0,027). Observou-se correlação entre consumo de fibra pelas crianças com constipação e suas cuidadoras, nos sexos masculino (r=+0,561; p=0,005) e feminino (r=+0,782; p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Observou-se relação entre o consumo de fibra alimentar por crianças e adolescentes com constipação crônica e suas respectivas cuidadoras. O consumo insuficiente de fibra associou-se ao excesso de peso e à presença de constipação no gênero feminino.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the mother or caretaker on the consumption of dietary fiber by children and adolescents with chronic constipation and its relationship with the occurrence of overweight. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 38 children and adolescents with functional constipation and their respective caretakers. A three-day food register was used for the analysis of the dietary fiber consumption. Weight and height were measured to verify the nutritional status. Familiar history of constipation was investigated. RESULTS: Most patients with constipation (89.5%; 34/38) presented insufficient fiber consumption (less than age+5g). Out of 38, only 1 (2.6%) caretaker presented fiber ingestion greater than the minimum recommendation (20g/day). Overweight was found in 11/38 (28.9%) patients and 23/38 (60.5%) caretakers. An association between overweight and the presence of constipation was verified among caretakers (p=0.046). For female children and adolescents there was an association between overweight and lower fiber ingestion (p=0.011). This association was not observed for male patients. The consumption of fiber by caretakers with overweight was lower than those without overweight (p=0.027). There was correlation between the consumption of fiber in constipated children and their caretakers for male (r=+0.561; p=0.005) and female patients (r=+0.782; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a relationship between the consumption of dietary fiber by children and adolescents with chronic constipation and their caretakers. In females, the insufficient consumption of fiber was associated with overweight and with the presence of constipation.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a absorção do ferro da fórmula de partida e do leite de vaca integral fortificado. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 24 ratos machos Wistar recém-desmamados, mantidos em gaiolas metabólicas durante todo o período do experimento (10 dias). No primeiro dia, os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos semelhantes quanto ao peso, comprimento, hematócrito e hemoglobina: 1) fórmula de partida para lactentes; 2) leite de vaca integral em pó fortificado com a mesma quantidade e tipo de sal de ferro da fórmula; e 3) controle - leite de vaca integral em pó não fortificado com ferro. Água e dieta foram oferecidas ad libitum com mensuração do volume consumido. Peso, hematócrito e hemoglobina foram mensurados no quinto e no 10º dia do experimento, quando foram analisados também comprimento, sangue oculto nas fezes e teor de ferro hepático. RESULTADOS: O grupo 1 ingeriu menor volume de dieta (450,5±26,50 mL) que os grupos 2 (658,8±53,73 mL) e controle (532,7±19,06 mL; p < 0,001). As concentrações de hemoglobina foram maiores (p < 0,001) no grupo 1 (12,1±1,13 g/dL) que nos grupos 2 (9,6±1,59 g/dL) e controle (6,2±0,97 g/dL). O teor de ferro hepático apresentou o mesmo comportamento da hemoglobina (p < 0,001). Não foi observada diferença de peso e comprimento nos três grupos (p = 0,342). Não foi detectado sangue oculto nas fezes de nenhum dos animais. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar do menor volume ingerido, o grupo que recebeu fórmula apresentou maior absorção de ferro e concentração de hemoglobina que o grupo que recebeu leite de vaca integral fortificado. O crescimento foi semelhante nos três grupos.

OBJECTIVE: To compare iron absorption from infant formula and iron-fortified cow's milk. METHODS: Twenty-four weanling Wistar rats were maintained in metabolic cages during the whole experiment (10 days). On the first day, the animals were divided into three similar groups according to their weight, length, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels: 1) infant formula; 2) powdered whole cow's milk fortified with iron in the same quantity and type as the formula; 3) control - powdered whole cow's milk not fortified with iron. Deionized water and diet were offered ad libitum, and the volume consumed was measured. Weight, hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were measured on the fifth and 10th days when length, fecal occult blood, and hepatic iron levels were also analyzed. RESULTS: Group 1 consumed less diet (450.5±26.50 mL) than group 2 (658.8±53.73 mL) and control group (532.7±19.06 mL, p < 0.001). Hemoglobin levels were higher (p < 0.001) in group 1 (12.1±1.13 g/dL) than in group 2 (9.6±1.59 g/dL) and in control group (6.2±0.97 g/dL). Hepatic iron level showed the same pattern as hemoglobin (p < 0.001). There was no difference in weight and length between the three groups (p = 0.342). There was no fecal occult blood in the any of the animals. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the lower volume consumed, the group that received formula presented higher iron absorption and hemoglobin levels than the group fed with fortified whole cow's milk. Growth was similar in the three groups.

OBJETIVO: Comparar, em ratos, o efeito do polissacarídeo de soja em relação a celulose e fórmula de soja sem fibra alimentar sobre o peso e a umidade fecal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 12 ratos Wistar machos, com 21 dias de vida, distribuídos em três grupos, que receberam ração AIN-93G variando-se a fonte de fibra alimentar: grupo polissacarídeo, com 5% de fibra na forma de polissacarídeo de soja; grupo fórmula de soja, com 5% de fórmula de soja sem fibra; e grupo celulose, com 5% de fibra na forma de celulose. As fezes foram coletadas em três períodos de 72 horas iniciados no 7º, 17º e 27º dia. As mesmas foram pesadas frescas e após secagem em estufa a 105 ºC até peso constante. A umidade foi calculada usando a fórmula [(peso fecal úmido - peso fecal seco)/peso fecal úmido] x 100. RESULTADOS: As somas do peso fecal úmido nos grupos polissacarídeo, fórmula de soja e celulose foram, respectivamente: 17,372±4,743 g; 6,045±0,619 g; 16,012±2,600 g (p = 0,001), observando-se diferença estatisticamente significante dos grupos celulose e polissacarídeo em relação ao grupo fórmula de soja. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos celulose e polissacarídeo. Para o peso seco, na mesma ordem, observou-se: 6,463±1,177 g; 2,909±0,277 g; 10,068±1,085 g (p < 0,001), com diferença estatisticamente significante entre todos os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Os animais que receberam fórmula de soja apresentaram peso fecal úmido e seco inferior ao dos outros dois grupos, enquanto o polissacarídeo de soja determinou umidade fecal superior à da celulose, provavelmente por maior fermentação no cólon.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of soy polysaccharide on fecal weight and humidity in growing rats in relation to cellulose and a Soy formula without dietary fiber. METHODS: Twelve, 21-day-old, Wistar male rats, were distributed into three groups and fed AIN-93G ration with varying amounts of dietary fiber: Polysaccharide Group, 5% fiber in the form of soy polysaccharide; Soy Formula Group, 5% soy formula without fiber; and Cellulose Group, 5% fiber in cellulose form. Feces were collected for three 72-hour periods beginning on days 7, 17 and 27. They were weighed while humid and then dried at 105 ºC until a constant weight. The humidity was calculated using the formula [(humid fecal weight - dry fecal weight)/humid fecal weight] X 100. RESULTS: The total humid fecal weight for Polysaccharide, Soy Formula and Cellulose groups was: 17.372±4.743 g; 6.045±0.619 g; and 16.012±2.600 g, (p = 0.001), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the Cellulose and Polysaccharide groups, but a statistically significant difference was observed between theses two groups and the soy formula group. Values for dry weight, in the same order, were: 6.463±1.177 g; 2.909±0.277 g; and 10.068±1.085 g, (p < 0.001), with a statistically significant difference between each of the groups. CONCLUSION: Animals that received soy formula presented lower humid and dried fecal weight than the other two groups, while the soy polysaccharide caused higher fecal humidity than did cellulose, probably due to greater fermentation.