The processing of grapes for the manufacture of juices and wines, generates large quantities of by-products rich in metabolites with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing activities. The high homology between human enzymes and snake venoms makes the latter valuable laboratory tools for the study of pathophysiological processes. Proteases and phospholipases A2 act in processes related to hemostasis and inflammatory response. Thus, in this work, dried pomace obtained from grape (Isabel, Niagara, Bordô, BRS Violeta and Blend cultivars) processing were evaluated on phospholipase, proteolytic, hemolytic and thrombolytic activities induced by snakes venoms and the content of phenolic compounds and minerals was evaluated. The dried pomace exerted inhibitory and potentiating actions in all analyzed activities. The enzymatic modulators present in the evaluated dried pomace have potential for therapeutic use, although their broad characterization is still necessary, in order to define adequate amounts and formulations to obtain efficacy and safety in their use.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização físico-química, bem como a avaliação da atividade antioxidante, teor de fenólicos totais, vitamina C e antocianinas de sucos elaborados a partir de uvas cultivar Isabel submetidas a diferentes doses de radiação UV-C. Os frutos foram colhidos, sanitizados e inseridos em uma câmara de radiação UV-C, onde diferentes doses foram aplicadas: 0 KJ/m2 (0 minutos); 0,68 KJ/m2 (2 minutos); 2,73 KJ/m2 (4 minutos); 4,10 KJ/m2 (6 minutos). A elaboração dos sucos de uva foi realizada a 75º±5ºC durante 1 hora, usando um equipamento artesanal por arraste de vapor e os mesmos foram analisados após 0, 30, 60 e 90 dias de armazenamento. Os sucos de uva não apresentaram diferenças significativas com relação às doses de radiação para atividade antioxidante e compostos fenólicos. Porém, o teor de vitamina C foi afetado pelas diferentes doses, onde observou-se um aumento dos valores dos frutos tratados ao longo do armazenamento.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, total phenolic, vitamin C and anthocyanins content of grape juices from cv. Isabel submitted to different UV-C doses. The fruits were harvested, sanitized and inserted into a UV-C radiation chamber, where different doses were applied: 0 kJ/m2 (0 minutes); 0.68 kJ/m2 (2 minutes); 2.73 kJ/m2 (4 minutes); 4.10 kJ/m2 (6 minutes). The grape juice was extracted at 75±5°C for 1 hour, using an equipment with steam extraction and submitted to evaluations after 0, 30, 60 and 90 days of cold storage. No significant differences were observed in grape juices submitted to radiation doses regarding the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds. However, the vitamin C content was affected by different UV-C doses, where there was an increase in the values of the treated fruits during storage.

Papaya is among the currently most important tropical fruits grown in Brazil and in the world. The fruit is mainly consumed fresh although it offers many industrial products. The processing of this fruit, as well as its fresh consumption, results in large amounts of waste, such as peels and seeds. Papaya consumption is one of the causes of significant loss of food value; therefore, new aspects on the use of its waste as by-products, or in the production of food additives, or even the incorporation of its flour in food have aroused great interest because these are products of high nutritional value, and their use may be economically viable. The objective of this study was to produce and characterize peel and seed flours from two papaya cultivars (Havai and Calimosa) for their chemical constituents focusing on possible use in foods. The proximate and mineral composition, titratable acidity, soluble solids, pH, contents of vitamin C, and phenolic compounds were determined. According to the results obtained, the papaya peel and seed flours had high contents of protein and fiber and therefore can be used as alternative sources of nutrients and can also be added in foods avoiding waste and adding value to the fruit.

O crescente interesse da população pela promoção da saúde vem despertando a atenção dos consumidores por alimentos ricos em antioxidantes, combinado com a praticidade do consumo de sucos de frutos processados. O presente trabalho objetivou quantificar e avaliar a capacidade antioxidante de compostos fenólicos e ácido ascórbico em frutas in natura e polpas congeladas. As frutas in natura e polpas congeladas obtidas na região de Lavras - MG foram submetidas à quantificação de compostos fenólicos e ácido ascórbico e os respectivos extratos acetônico-etanólico e acetônico-metanólico. Foram determinadas suas atividades antioxidantes pelos métodos radicalares DPPH e ABTS. O extrato acetônico-metanólico foi mais efetivo para extrair os compostos antioxidantes das amostras. Apenas as polpas congeladas de acerola apresentaram uma redução do teor de compostos fenólicos em relação ao fruto. Para o teor de ácido ascórbico, houve uma redução nas polpas congeladas de acerola e goiaba. As amostras de acerola apresentaram os maiores teores de compostos fenólicos, ácido ascórbico e atividade antioxidante em relação aos demais frutos analisados.

The growing public interest in health- promotion, has called the attention of consumers for foods rich in antioxidants, combined with the practicality of the consumption of processed fruit juices. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify and evaluate the antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid in fruits "in natura" and frozen pulps. The fruits "in natura" and frozen pulps from region of Lavras-MG, underwent quantification of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and the corresponding extracts acetonic-ethanolic and acetonic-methanolic. Their antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS radical methods. The extract acetonic-methanolic was more effective to extract the antioxidant compounds from samples. Only frozen acerola pulps showed lower content of phenolic compounds in relation to fruit. For ascorbic acid, there was a reduction in the frozen pulp of acerola and guava. Acerola samples showed higher content of phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity compared to other fruits analyzed.

Esforços são empregados para identificar plantas com teores de antioxidantes que conferem benefícios à saúde. A capacidade antioxidante do pêssego deve-se aos compostos fenólicos, vitamina C e carotenoides. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar quatro cultivares de pessegueiro (Aurora, Biuti, Diamante e Douradão) em relação à capacidade antioxidante, determinando o teor dos compostos antioxidantes relacionados a essa atividade. Os frutos foram separados em dois grupos: sem armazenamento e armazenados por cinco dias à temperatura ambiente. Foram determinados os teores de vitamina C, carotenoides, compostos fenólicos e a capacidade antioxidante, pelos métodos DPPH e β-caroteno/ácido linoleico. As quatro cultivares mostraram-se ricas em substâncias antioxidantes, porém a intensidade dessa ação foi diferenciada entre elas. A cultivar Biuti apresentou maior teor das substâncias analisadas e maior atividade antioxidante em relação às outras cultivares. Foi observado que o potencial antioxidante dos frutos de pêssego aumentou durante o período de armazenamento.

Efforts have been spent in order to identify plants with antioxidant levels that provide health benefits. The antioxidant capacity of peach is due to phenolic compounds, vitamin C and carotenoids. This study aimed to characterize four peach cultivars (Aurora, Biuti, Diamante and Douradão), in relation to the antioxidant capacity, determining the content of antioxidant compounds related to this activity. The fruits were separated into two groups: not stored and stored for five days at room temperature. The contents of vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity were determined by DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. All the cultivars proved to be rich in antioxidant substances; however, the intensity of this action was different among them. Cultivar Biuti presented highest levels of the analyzed substances and higher antioxidant activity compared to other cultivars. It was possible to observe that the antioxidant potential of peach fruits increased during the storage period.

A goiabeira (Psidium guajava) é uma planta nativa brasileira, e seus frutos são ricos em compostos antioxidantes os quais podem causar a oxidação das lipoproteínas, reduzindo o estresse oxidativo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho determinar essas substâncias e a atividade antioxidante das farinhas dos frutos das cultivares Pedro Sato, Paluma e Século XXI. Foram selecionados 35 frutos de cada cultivar, levando-se em consideração o grau de maturação. Os frutos foram lavados, picados, congelados em nitrogênio líquido e liofilizados. Posteriormente, foram trituradas para a obtenção das farinhas. Os parâmetros analisados foram o teor de compostos fenólicos, vitamina C, betacaroteno, fibras alimentares, minerais (ferro, potássio, cobre, magnésio, manganês, zinco e cálcio) e atividade antioxidante, pelos métodos DPPH e betacaroteno/ácido linoleico. Os teores de compostos fenólicos foram maiores para a cultivar Século XXI. O teor de betacaroteno e fibra alimentar não variaram entre as cultivares analisadas. As cultivares Século XXI e Paluma destacaram- se na atividade antioxidante pelos dois métodos. Em relação aos minerais, não houve diferença significativa para o potássio, cobre e zinco. O mineral cálcio não foi detectado pelo método empregado. Os teores de ferro, magnésio e manganês foram maiores para as cultivares Paluma, Pedro Sato e Século XXI, respectivamente.

Guava (Psidium guajava) is a native Brazilian plant and its fruits are rich in antioxidants compounds which can inhibit the liproteins oxidation, reducing the aggravations of oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to determine these substances and antioxidant activity of the flours from the fruits of Pedro Sato, Paluma and Século XXI cultivars. The parameters analyzed were phenolic compounds, vitamin C, beta-carotene, dietary fiber, minerals (iron, potassium, copper, magnesium, manganese, zinc and calcium) and antioxidant activity by DPPH methods and beta-carotene/acid linoleic. The levels of phenolic compounds were higher for the Século XXI cultivar.The level of beta-carotene and dietary fiber did not vary among cultivars analyzed. The Paluma and Século XXI cultivars stood out in antioxidant activity by both methods. Regarding to minerals, there was no significant difference for potassium, copper and zinc. Calcium was not detected by the used method. Iron, magnesium and manganese were higher for Paluma, Pedro Sato and Século XXI, respectively.

The yields and chemical compositions of the essential oils obtained by steam distillation of the fresh and dried (30 and 40 ºC) leaves, stems and roots of Tanaecium nocturnum are reported. The identification and quantification of the volatile constituents were accomplished by GC/MS and GC/FID, respectively. The essential oils obtained from the various parts of the plant were constituted mainly of benzaldehyde. Large losses and variations in the quantities of the components during the drying process were observed. The presence of mandelonitrile in higher concentration in the stem and roots indicates that this species produces cyanogenic glycosides.