Abstract Paper aims The objective is to make a comparative analysis between different transportation modes used in the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre and to analyze its performance in relation to time, cost and carbon emissions. Originality Investigation of the urban mobility situation on the perspective of sustainability in a Latin American city, including the analysis of Uber pool, implemented in November 2018 in the metropolitan region analyzed. Research method A case study was carried out in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre, as well as the definition of 4 different routes used as unit of analysis for different types of transportation modes. Main findings Riding bicycle is a very convenient transportation mode in terms of its environmental perspectives and costs. However, the time of locomotion using bicycle is superior in relation to other modes of transportation. Therefore, riding a private car still stands out in the comparisons between different types of transport, since it is a faster mode of transportation. Implications for theory and practice As riding bicycle is a very convenient transportation mode, we highlight the importance of encouraging its use. People can benefit from practicing physical exercise while moving from one place to another and also benefit the environment from lowering carbon emissions.

Abstract Paper aims To shed light on how knowledge is shared between companies during a collaborative new product development (NPD) process. Originality It is the first study of different knowledge sharing levels for each stage of the NPD process in an inter-organizational context. Research method A research framework was created based on the literature. Guided by this framework, an in-depth case study was performed in a multinational company analyzing the knowledge sharing with the company’s supplier during a collaborative NPD process. Main findings Different levels of knowledge sharing were found at each stage of the NPD process. Implications for theory and practice The results complement previous works demonstrating that this phenomenon should not be considered as a binary state. By clearly presenting how knowledge sharing occurs at each phase of the NPD process, managers can be prepared and correctly implement tools to support NPD teams from both buyer and supplier companies.

Abstract Paper aims To define a model that describes the relationship among the main factors influencing knowledge transfer (KT) between new product development (NPD) teams. Originality We offer a systemic vision of the relationship between the KT factors. All main KT factors are analyzed together considering the interdependence among them. Research method KT factors from the literature were used for the model development, which was accomplished through a quantitative evaluation of scholars and practitioners. To test the model, a practical assessment was conducted in five firms using regression analysis. Main findings The model describes the relationships of 15 main factors and it can be used for practical assessments or for future theoretical studies. Implications for theory and practice The model can help practitioners to use knowledge of their teams for continuous innovation in NPD. It allows to perform diagnoses of the KT factors in the specific context of a given firm.

Abstract Paper aims This paper aims to understand the relationship between Information & Communication Technology (ICT), collaborative New Product Development (NPD) and customer satisfaction (NPD performance). Originality We target the relationship between ICT, collaborative NPD and NPD performance. ICT is assessed as a set of specific tools adopted by the companies. Research method We test the mediating role of collaborative practices in the effect of ICT tools on customer satisfaction (as NPD performance) by means of a survey of 105 Brazilian firms. Main findings Collaboration with customers and suppliers has an important role for customer satisfaction and the use of ICT has significant effect on NPD performance through the mediating role of collaborative practices. Implications for theory and practice Implementing only ICT tools is not enough to achieve higher level of success in NPD. Managers should first strength the relationship between stakeholders and then adopt ICT tools to support the cooperation.

Este artigo apresenta uma sistemática que orienta as ações a serem tomadas no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos (PDP) quanto ao atendimento da qualidade e confiabilidade. A sistemática foi desenvolvida por meio de uma pesquisa-ação e propõe a integração do QFD e da FMEA, permitindo decidir quais características da qualidade e confiabilidade são prioritárias para o desenvolvimento dos componentes do produto. A proposta traz duas contribuições: (i) uma modificação na avaliação dos indicadores de risco da FMEA, reduzindo a subjetividade de atribuição dos valores, e (ii) a integração desses indicadores e dos índices de priorização obtidos das matrizes do QFD em um diagrama de decisões para o desenvolvimento dos componentes. Esse diagrama permite visualizar o impacto de cada componente sobre as características de qualidade e confiabilidade de maneira conjunta, facilitando a tomada de decisões no desenvolvimento do produto. Os resultados práticos destacaram a sua facilidade de aplicação.

This paper presents a decision-making systematic that orients development actions during new product development (NPD). The systematic integrates QFD (Quality Function Deployment) and FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), helping designers to determine which quality and reliability characteristics are most important in product parts development. The systematic was created by an action-research study conducted in partnership with a company that develops air conditioning equipment. The proposed systematic provides two key contributions: (i) a modification on the evaluation of FMEA risk measures, reducing their inherent subjectivity, and (ii) the integration of these measures with parts prioritization indices from QFD matrices, providing a decision diagram for parts development. This diagram allows one to visualize the impact of each part on quality and reliability characteristics, thus aiding in the decision process concerning the essential aspects for product development. The practical results highlight the ease of applying of this method, primarily in teams with a previous knowledge of QFD and FMEA.

A transferência de conhecimentos (TC) entre projetos de desenvolvimento de produtos é um processo composto por diversas etapas. Na literatura, há vários trabalhos que apresentam essas etapas e observa-se heterogeneidade nas nomenclaturas e na organização das mesmas. Além disso, existem várias linhas de pesquisa que têm estudado a TC com diferentes propostas para a interpretação desse processo. Em razão disso, este artigo apresenta uma comparação de nove modelos de TC apresentados por autores de diferentes linhas de pesquisas que compõem dois enfoques diferentes: a dinâmica e interação de equipes (enfoque emergente) e a gestão e organização do conhecimento (enfoque de engenharia). Como resultado dessas análises comparativas, propõe-se um novo modelo de TC que apresenta uma reorganização das ideias discutidas na literatura e uma integração das diferentes propostas existentes, de maneira a se obter um modelo completo e consistente. O trabalho também ressalta as contribuições das diversas linhas de pesquisas da TC e as principais diferenças entre elas.

Knowledge Transfer (KT) between New Product Development (NPD) projects is a process that comprises several stages. In the literature, many works have proposed KT stages, but there is heterogeneity in the nomenclature used in these works and, also, in the organization of the proposed KT stages. In addition, many research fields have studied the KT process, resulting on different interpretation or approaches of this process. Therefore, this study presents a comparison of nine KT models proposed by authors of different research fields that were organized in two main approaches: the emergent approach (which considers the team dynamic and team integration) and the engineering approach (which considers the organization and management of knowledge). The comparison is based on a content analysis of the proposed models. As a result, it is proposed a new model for KT between NPD projects. This model presents a reorganization of the ideas discussed in the literature and an integration of the different existing models, obtaining a more comprehensive and consistent KT model. This study also highlights the contributions and differences between the main KT research fields.

Este artigo apresenta uma análise das relações existentes entre as características das empresas e a importância que estas atribuem aos fatores que influenciam na transferência de conhecimentos (TC) entre projetos de produtos. A análise é baseada num levantamento (survey) realizado com 58 empresas no Brasil. As características estudadas foram: (i) tamanho da empresa; (ii) tamanho da equipe de projetos; (iii) localização das equipes; (iv) número de projetos simultâneos; (v) tempo de duração dos projetos; (vi) grau de inovação; e (vii) complexidade dos projetos. Através de uma análise de aglomerados, foi identificado que as características (ii), (iv) e (vii) são significativas na determinação das importâncias atribuídas aos fatores da TC. Os resultados apontam que as empresas que possuem um perfil de gestão mais complexo enfatizam os fatores de influência pertencentes ao ambiente externo. Já empresas com um perfil de gestão mais simples atribuem maior importância aos fatores internos da empresa.

This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between company characteristics and the importance that companies attribute to the main factors that have influence on inter-product project knowledge transfer (KT). The analysis was based on a survey carried out on a sample of 58 companies that operate in Brazil. The studied characteristics of the companies were: (i) company size; (ii) project team size; (iii) team localization; (iv) number of concurrent projects; (v) project duration; (vi) project innovation and (vii) project complexity. It was possible to identify, using a cluster analysis, that project team size; number of concurrent projects and project complexity are statistically significant regarding the determination of attributed importance for the KT influence factors. The results revealed that companies that have a more complex management profile are more interested in influence factors of the external environment. On the other hand, companies that have a simpler management profile are more interested in influence factors of the internal environment.

Este artigo apresenta uma sistemática para avaliação multicriterial de investimentos associados ao desenvolvimento de produtos. A sistemática proposta se apoia nos critérios-chave a serem considerados na tomada de decisão. Ela é baseada na utilização dos métodos de avaliação econômica de investimentos VPL e payback, assim como nas ferramentas de desenvolvimento de produtos, QFD (Quality Function Deployment) e SWOT (Strenght-Weaknesses-Oportunities-Threats), utilizadas como suporte para a construção do método de avaliação multicriterial MAUT (Multiattribute Utility Theory). A sistemática proposta apresenta duas contribuições principais: i) a análise integrada de três critérios-chave para a decisão de investimentos em novos produtos: rentabilidade (considerada na avaliação econômica), qualidade (considerada no QFD) e estratégia (considerada no SWOT) e ii) uma modificação nas ponderações utilizadas na avaliação do MAUT, que reduz a subjetividade da atribuição de valores. A abordagem proposta foi avaliada em um caso aplicado e os resultados obtidos são discutidos.

This paper presents a systematic analysis for multi-criteria evaluation of product development investments. The proposed systematic analysis is supported by key criteria to be considered during decision making. It is based on the use of traditional investment evaluation methods, such as NPV and payback, as well as in product development tools - QFD and SWOT. These tools are employed to assist the construction of the multi-criteria evaluation method, which follows the precepts of the Multi-attribute Utility Theory (MAUT). The proposed systematic analysis provides two main contributions: i) it integrates three key criteria concerning new product investment decisions: profit (considered by the economic evaluation), quality (considered by QFD), and strategy (considered by SWOT); ii) it includes a modification in the definition of the weights used by the MAUT evaluation, reducing the subjectivity of value attribution. The proposed systematic analysis was tested in an applied study and the results were discussed.