ABSTRACT Objective Determine the milk quality effect during lactation on the metabolic and thyroid programming of hypothyroid offspring. Materials and methods Ten-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into two groups: euthyroid and thyroidectomy-caused hypothyroidism. The rats were matted and, one day after birth, the pups were divided into three groups: euthyroid offspring (EO), hypothyroid offspring (HO) and hypothyroid with a euthyroid replacement wet nurse (HRO). During lactation, the milk quality and offspring body length were evaluated. The body weight and energy intake were determined on a weekly basis, as well as the metabolic profile at the prepubertal (P35-36) and postpubertal (P55-56) ages. At P56, the animals were sacrificed, the adipose tissues were weighed and the thyroid glands were dissected for histological processing. Results The milk of the hypothyroid wet nurse decreases proteins (16-26%), lipids (22-29%) and lactate (22-37%) with respect to euthyroid. The HO has a lower body weight gain (23-33%), length (11-13%) and energy intake (15-21%). In addition, HO presents impaired fasting glucose and dyslipidemia, as well as a reduction in seric thyroid hormone (18-34%), adipose reserves (26-68%) and thyroid gland weight (25-34%). The HO present thyroid gland cytoarchitecture alteration. The HRO develop the same metabolic alterations as the HO. However, the thyroid gland dysfunction was partially prevented because the HRO improved under about 10% of the serum thyroid hormone concentration, the thyroid gland weight although histological glandular changes presented. Conclusions The replacement of hypothyroid offspring with a euthyroid wet nurse during lactation can improve the thyroid programming without modifying metabolic programming.

The seeds of Swietenia humilis Zucc, traditionally consumed in many communities in the state of Sinaloa and other parts of the interior of Mexico for its healing properties in the treatment of different diseases like parasitosis, diarrhea, hyperglycemia and some conditions as overweight. Therefore the objective of this study was performed a pharmacological study of the ethanolic extract of the Swietenia humilis Zucc seeds. This study consisted in the determination of antinociceptive, and anticonvulsant activities of lethal dose 50 (LD50), in adults mice NIH. The in vitro spasmolytic effect and the antioxidant capacity were evaluated too. It was found that the LD50 was higher than 100 mg/Kg so their use is secure. With respect to the antinociceptive activity, all the administered doses reduce the number of contortions induced by acetic acid administration. The extract had not anticonvulsant activity and they did not show antioxidant activity, however it had spasmolytic activity. There were not else where reports about its spasmolytic and antinociceptive effects, therefore it is suggested to continue the evaluation of this extract to elucidate the structures responsible for these effects.

Las semillas de Swietenia humilis Zucc, se consumen de forma tradicional, en muchas comunidades del estado de Sinaloa y en otras partes del interior de la República Mexicana, por sus propiedades curativas en el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades como la parasitosis, la diarrea, la hiperglucemia y en algunas condiciones como el sobrepeso. Por tal motivo, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar el estudio farmacológico del extracto etanólico de las semillas de Swietenia humilis Zucc. Dicho estudio consistió en la determinación de la dosis letal 50 (DL50) y las actividades antinociceptiva y anticonvulsiva, en ratones adultos de la cepa NIH (National Institute of Health). También, se evaluaron sus efectos espasmolítico in vitro y su capacidad antioxidante. Los resultados demuestran que la DL50 resultó mayor a 100 mg/Kg, por lo que su uso es seguro. Con respecto a la actividad antinociceptiva, todas las dosis del extracto que fueron probadas disminuyeron el número de contorsiones inducidas por la administración de ácido acético. El extracto no presentó actividad anticonvulsiva ni antioxidante, pero si la actividad espasmolítica. Los efectos antinociceptivo y espasmolítico encontrados en el presente trabajo no se han reportado, por lo que se sugiere continuar con la evaluación del extracto para elucidar las estructuras responsables de dichos efectos.