Abstract Background Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Pericoronary fat attenuation (pFA) is a marker of coronary inflammation, which is key in the atherosclerotic process. Objective To evaluate pFA and inflammatory profile in AAS users. Methods Twenty strength-trained AAS users (AASU), 20 AAS nonusers (AASNU), and 10 sedentary controls (SC) were evaluated. Coronary inflammation was evaluated by mean pericoronary fat attenuation (mPFA) in the right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and left circumflex (LCx). Interleukin (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were evaluated by optical density (OD) in a spectrophotometer with a 450 nm filter. P<0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results AASU had higher mPFA in the RCA (-65.87 [70.51-60.70] vs. -78.07 [83.66-72.87] vs.-78.46 [85.41-71.99] Hounsfield Units (HU), respectively, p<0.001) and mPFA in the LAD (-71.47 [76.40-66.61] vs. -79.32 [84.37-74.59] vs. -82.52 [88.44-75.81] HU, respectively, p=0.006) compared with AASNU and SC. mPFA in the LCx was not different between AASU, AASNU, and SC (-72.41 [77.17-70.37] vs. -80.13 [86.22-72.23] vs. -78.29 [80.63-72.29] HU, respectively, p=0.163). AASU compared with AASNU and SC, had higher IL-1, (0.975 [0.847-1.250] vs. 0.437 [0.311-0.565] vs. 0.530 [0.402-0.780] OD, respectively, p=0.002), IL-6 (1.195 [0.947-1.405] vs. 0.427 [0.377-0.577] vs. 0.605 [0.332-0.950] OD, p=0.005) and IL-10 (1.145 [0.920-1.292] vs. 0.477 [0.382-0.591] vs. 0.340 [0.316-0.560] OD, p<0.001). TNF-α was not different between the AASU, AASNU, and SC groups (0.520 [0.250-0.610] vs. 0.377 [0.261-0.548] vs. 0.350 [0.182-430]), respectively. Conclusion Compared with ASSNU and controls, AASU have higher mPFA and higher systemic inflammatory cytokines profile suggesting that AAS may induce coronary atherosclerosis through coronary and systemic inflammation. (AAS CAD. CAD . (CAD) (pFA process strengthtrained strength trained , (AASU) 2 (AASNU) 1 (SC (mPFA RCA, (RCA) LAD, (LAD) LCx. (LCx) IL1 IL (IL)- IL1, (IL-1) IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL10, IL10 10, TNFalpha TNF alpha OD (OD 45 filter P005 P 0 05 P<0.0 significance 65.87 6587 65 87 (-65.8 70.5160.70 70516070 70.51 60.70 70 51 60 [70.51-60.70 vs 78.07 7807 78 07 -78.0 83.6672.87 83667287 83.66 72.87 83 66 72 [83.66-72.87 vs.78.46 vs7846 78.46 46 vs.-78.4 85.4171.99 85417199 85.41 71.99 85 41 71 99 [85.41-71.99 HU (HU) respectively p<0.001 p0001 p 001 71.47 7147 47 (-71.4 76.4066.61 76406661 76.40 66.61 76 40 61 [76.40-66.61 79.32 7932 79 32 -79.3 84.3774.59 84377459 84.37 74.59 84 37 74 59 [84.37-74.59 82.52 8252 82 52 -82.5 88.4475.81 88447581 88.44 75.81 88 44 75 81 [88.44-75.81 p=0.006 p0006 006 72.41 7241 (-72.4 77.1770.37 77177037 77.17 70.37 77 17 [77.17-70.37 80.13 8013 80 13 -80.1 86.2272.23 86227223 86.22 72.23 86 22 23 [86.22-72.23 78.29 7829 29 -78.2 80.6372.29 80637229 80.63 72.29 63 [80.63-72.29 p=0.163. p0163 p=0.163 163 p=0.163) 1, IL-1 0.975 0975 975 (0.97 0.8471.250 08471250 0.847 1.250 847 250 [0.847-1.250 0437 437 0.43 0.3110.565 03110565 0.311 0.565 311 565 [0.311-0.565 0530 530 0.53 0.4020.780 04020780 0.402 0.780 402 780 [0.402-0.780 p=0.002, p0002 p=0.002 002 p=0.002) IL- 1.195 1195 195 (1.19 0.9471.405 09471405 0.947 1.405 947 405 [0.947-1.405 0427 427 0.42 0.3770.577 03770577 0.577 377 577 [0.377-0.577 0605 605 0.60 0.3320.950 03320950 0.332 0.950 332 950 [0.332-0.950 p=0.005 p0005 005 1.145 1145 145 (1.14 0.9201.292 09201292 0.920 1.292 920 292 [0.920-1.292 0477 477 0.47 0.3820.591 03820591 0.382 0.591 382 591 [0.382-0.591 0340 340 0.34 0.3160.560 03160560 0.316 0.560 316 560 [0.316-0.560 p<0.001. TNFα α 0.520 0520 520 (0.52 0.2500.610 02500610 0.250 0.610 610 [0.250-0.610 0377 0.37 0.2610.548 02610548 0.261 0.548 261 548 [0.261-0.548 0350 350 0.35 0.182430, 0182430 0.182 430 182 [0.182-430]) (CAD (AASU (AASNU (RCA (LAD (LCx (IL) (IL-1 4 P00 P<0. 65.8 658 8 (-65. 5160 70.5160.7 7051607 7051 70.5 6070 60.7 7 5 [70.51-60.7 78.0 -78. 6672 83.6672.8 8366728 8366 83.6 7287 72.8 [83.66-72.8 vs.78.4 vs784 7846 78.4 vs.-78. 4171 85.4171.9 8541719 8541 85.4 7199 71.9 9 [85.41-71.9 (HU p<0.00 p000 00 71.4 714 (-71. 4066 76.4066.6 7640666 7640 76.4 6661 66.6 [76.40-66.6 79.3 793 3 -79. 3774 84.3774.5 8437745 8437 84.3 7459 74.5 [84.37-74.5 82.5 825 -82. 4475 88.4475.8 8844758 8844 88.4 7581 75.8 [88.44-75.8 p=0.00 72.4 724 (-72. 1770 77.1770.3 7717703 7717 77.1 7037 70.3 [77.17-70.3 80.1 801 -80. 2272 86.2272.2 8622722 8622 86.2 7223 72.2 [86.22-72.2 78.2 782 6372 80.6372.2 8063722 8063 80.6 7229 [80.63-72.2 p016 p=0.16 16 0.97 097 97 (0.9 8471 0.8471.25 0847125 0847 0.84 1250 1.25 25 [0.847-1.25 043 43 0.4 3110 0.3110.56 0311056 0311 0.31 0565 0.56 31 56 [0.311-0.56 053 53 0.5 4020 0.4020.78 0402078 0402 0.40 0780 0.78 [0.402-0.78 1.19 119 19 (1.1 9471 0.9471.40 0947140 0947 0.94 1405 1.40 94 [0.947-1.40 042 42 3770 0.3770.57 0377057 0577 0.57 57 [0.377-0.57 060 0.6 3320 0.3320.95 0332095 0332 0.33 0950 0.95 33 95 [0.332-0.95 1.14 114 14 9201 0.9201.29 0920129 0920 0.92 1292 1.29 92 [0.920-1.29 047 3820 0.3820.59 0382059 0382 0.38 0591 0.59 38 [0.382-0.59 034 34 0.3 3160 0.3160.56 0316056 0316 0560 [0.316-0.56 0.52 052 (0.5 2500 0.2500.61 0250061 0250 0.25 0610 0.61 [0.250-0.61 037 2610 0.2610.54 0261054 0261 0.26 0548 0.54 26 54 [0.261-0.54 035 35 182430 0.182430 018243 0182 0.18 18 [0.182-430] (IL (IL- P0 P<0 65. (-65 516 70.5160. 705160 705 70. 607 60. [70.51-60. 78. -78 667 83.6672. 836672 836 83. 728 72. [83.66-72. vs.78. vs78 784 vs.-78 417 85.4171. 854171 854 85. 719 71. [85.41-71. p<0.0 p00 (-71 406 76.4066. 764066 764 76. 666 66. [76.40-66. 79. -79 84.3774. 843774 843 84. 745 74. [84.37-74. 82. -82 447 88.4475. 884475 884 88. 758 75. [88.44-75. p=0.0 (-72 177 77.1770. 771770 771 77. 703 [77.17-70. 80. -80 227 86.2272. 862272 862 86. 722 [86.22-72. 637 80.6372. 806372 806 [80.63-72. p01 p=0.1 0.9 09 (0. 0.8471.2 084712 084 0.8 125 1.2 [0.847-1.2 04 0. 0.3110.5 031105 031 056 [0.311-0.5 0.4020.7 040207 040 078 0.7 [0.402-0.7 1.1 11 (1. 0.9471.4 094714 094 140 1.4 [0.947-1.4 0.3770.5 037705 057 [0.377-0.5 06 0.3320.9 033209 033 095 [0.332-0.9 0.9201.2 092012 092 129 [0.920-1.2 0.3820.5 038205 038 059 [0.382-0.5 03 0.3160.5 031605 [0.316-0.5 0.2500.6 025006 025 0.2 061 [0.250-0.6 0.2610.5 026105 026 054 [0.261-0.5 18243 0.18243 01824 018 0.1 [0.182-430 P< (-6 70.5160 70516 [70.51-60 -7 83.6672 83667 [83.66-72 vs.78 vs7 vs.-7 85.4171 85417 [85.41-71 p<0. p0 (-7 76.4066 76406 [76.40-66 84.3774 84377 [84.37-74 -8 88.4475 88447 [88.44-75 p=0. 77.1770 77177 [77.17-70 86.2272 86227 [86.22-72 80.6372 80637 [80.63-72 (0 0.8471. 08471 08 12 1. [0.847-1. 0.3110. 03110 [0.311-0. 0.4020. 04020 [0.402-0. (1 0.9471. 09471 [0.947-1. 0.3770. 03770 [0.377-0. 0.3320. 03320 [0.332-0. 0.9201. 09201 [0.920-1. 0.3820. 03820 [0.382-0. 0.3160. 03160 [0.316-0. 0.2500. 02500 02 [0.250-0. 0.2610. 02610 [0.261-0. 1824 0.1824 01 [0.182-43 (- 70.516 [70.51-6 - 83.667 [83.66-7 vs.7 vs.- 85.417 [85.41-7 p<0 76.406 [76.40-6 84.377 [84.37-7 88.447 [88.44-7 p=0 77.177 [77.17-7 86.227 [86.22-7 80.637 [80.63-7 ( 0.8471 [0.847-1 0.3110 [0.311-0 0.4020 [0.402-0 0.9471 [0.947-1 0.3770 [0.377-0 0.3320 [0.332-0 0.9201 [0.920-1 0.3820 [0.382-0 0.3160 [0.316-0 0.2500 [0.250-0 0.2610 [0.261-0 [0.182-4 [70.51- [83.66- [85.41- p< [76.40- [84.37- [88.44- p= [77.17- [86.22- [80.63- [0.847- [0.311- [0.402- [0.947- [0.377- [0.332- [0.920- [0.382- [0.316- [0.250- [0.261- [0.182- [70.51 [83.66 [85.41 [76.40 [84.37 [88.44 [77.17 [86.22 [80.63 [0.847 [0.311 [0.402 [0.947 [0.377 [0.332 [0.920 [0.382 [0.316 [0.250 [0.261 [0.182 [70.5 [83.6 [85.4 [76.4 [84.3 [88.4 [77.1 [86.2 [80.6 [0.84 [0.31 [0.40 [0.94 [0.37 [0.33 [0.92 [0.38 [0.25 [0.26 [0.18 [70. [83. [85. [76. [84. [88. [77. [86. [80. [0.8 [0.3 [0.4 [0.9 [0.2 [0.1 [70 [83 [85 [76 [84 [88 [77 [86 [80 [0. [7 [8 [0 [
Resumo Fundamento O uso abusivo de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) tem sido associado à doença arterial coronariana (DAC). A atenuação de gordura pericoronária (AGp) é um marcador de inflamação coronária, a qual exerce um papel chave no processo aterosclerótico. Objetivo Avaliar AGp e perfil inflamatório em usuários de EAA. Método Vinte indivíduos que realizavam treinamento de força, usuários de EAA (UEAA), 20 não usuários de EAA (NUEAA), e 10 indivíduos sedentários controle (SC) foram avaliados. Inflamação coronária foi avaliada por atenuação de gordura pericoronária média (AGPm) artéria coronária direita (ACD), artéria descendente anterior esquerda (ADA) e artéria circunflexa (ACX). Interleucina (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, e TNF-alfa foram avaliados por densidade ótica (DO) em um espectrofotômetro com um filtro de 450 nm. Um p<0,05 indicou significância estatística. Resultados Os UEAA apresentaram maior AGPm na ACD [-65,87 (70,51-60,70) vs. -78,07 (83,66-72,87) vs.-78,46 (85,41-71,99] unidades Hounsfield (HU), respectivamente, p<0,001) e AGPm na ADA [-71,47 (76,40-66,610 vs. -79,32 (84,37-74,59) vs. -82,52 (88,44-75,81) HU, respectivamente, p=0,006) em comparação aos NUEAA e CS. A AGPm na ACX não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [-72,41 (77,17-70,37) vs. -80,13 (86,22-72,23) vs. -78,29 (80,63-72,29) HU, respectivamente, p=0,163). Em comparação aos NUEAA e aos CS, o grupo UEAA apresentaram maiores níveis de IL-1 [0,975 (0,847-1,250) vs. 0,437 (0,311-0,565) vs. 0,530 (0,402-0,780) DO, respectivamente, p=0,002), IL-6 [1,195 (0,947-1,405) vs. 0,427 (0,377-0,577) vs. 0,605 (0,332-0,950) DO, p=0,005) e IL-10 [1,145 (0,920-1,292) vs. 0,477 (0,382-0,591) vs. 0,340 (0,316-0,560) DO, p<0,001]. TNF-α não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [0,520 (0,250-0,610) vs. 0,377 (0.261-0,548) vs. 0,350 (0,182-430)]. Conclusão Em comparação aos NUEAA e controles, os UEAA apresentam maior AGPm e maior perfil de citocinas inflamatórias sistêmicas, sugerindo que os EAA podem induzir aterosclerose por inflamação coronária e sistêmica. (EAA DAC. DAC . (DAC) (AGp aterosclerótico força , (UEAA) 2 NUEAA, (NUEAA) 1 SC (SC (AGPm ACD, (ACD) (ADA ACX. (ACX) IL1 IL (IL)- IL1, (IL-1) IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL10, IL10 10, TNFalfa TNF alfa DO (DO 45 nm p005 p 0 05 p<0,0 estatística 65,87 6587 65 87 [-65,8 70,5160,70 70516070 70,51 60,70 70 51 60 (70,51-60,70 vs 78,07 7807 78 07 -78,0 83,6672,87 83667287 83,66 72,87 83 66 72 (83,66-72,87 vs.78,46 vs7846 78,46 46 vs.-78,4 85,4171,99 85417199 85,41 71,99 85 41 71 99 (85,41-71,99 HU (HU) respectivamente p<0,001 p0001 001 71,47 7147 47 [-71,4 76,4066,610 764066610 76,40 66,610 76 40 610 (76,40-66,61 79,32 7932 79 32 -79,3 84,3774,59 84377459 84,37 74,59 84 37 74 59 (84,37-74,59 82,52 8252 82 52 -82,5 88,4475,81 88447581 88,44 75,81 88 44 75 81 (88,44-75,81 p=0,006 p0006 006 72,41 7241 [-72,4 77,1770,37 77177037 77,17 70,37 77 17 (77,17-70,37 80,13 8013 80 13 -80,1 86,2272,23 86227223 86,22 72,23 86 22 23 (86,22-72,23 78,29 7829 29 -78,2 80,6372,29 80637229 80,63 72,29 63 (80,63-72,29 p=0,163. p0163 p=0,163 163 p=0,163) IL- 0,975 0975 975 [0,97 0,8471,250 08471250 0,847 1,250 847 250 (0,847-1,250 0437 437 0,43 0,3110,565 03110565 0,311 0,565 311 565 (0,311-0,565 0530 530 0,53 0,4020,780 04020780 0,402 0,780 402 780 (0,402-0,780 p=0,002, p0002 p=0,002 002 p=0,002) 1,195 1195 195 [1,19 0,9471,405 09471405 0,947 1,405 947 405 (0,947-1,405 0427 427 0,42 0,3770,577 03770577 0,577 377 577 (0,377-0,577 0605 605 0,60 0,3320,950 03320950 0,332 0,950 332 950 (0,332-0,950 p=0,005 p0005 005 1,145 1145 145 [1,14 0,9201,292 09201292 0,920 1,292 920 292 (0,920-1,292 0477 477 0,47 0,3820,591 03820591 0,382 0,591 382 591 (0,382-0,591 0340 340 0,34 0,3160,560 03160560 0,316 0,560 316 560 (0,316-0,560 p<0,001. p<0,001] TNFα α 0,520 0520 520 [0,52 0,2500,610 02500610 0,250 0,610 (0,250-0,610 0377 0,37 0.2610,548 02610548 0.261 0,548 261 548 (0.261-0,548 0350 350 0,35 0,182430. 0182430 0,182 430 182 (0,182-430)] controles sistêmicas sistêmica (DAC (UEAA (NUEAA (ACD (ACX (IL) (IL-1 4 p00 p<0, 65,8 658 8 [-65, 5160 70,5160,7 7051607 7051 70,5 6070 60,7 7 5 (70,51-60,7 78,0 -78, 6672 83,6672,8 8366728 8366 83,6 7287 72,8 (83,66-72,8 vs.78,4 vs784 7846 78,4 vs.-78, 4171 85,4171,9 8541719 8541 85,4 7199 71,9 9 (85,41-71,9 (HU p<0,00 p000 00 71,4 714 [-71, 4066 76,4066,61 76406661 7640 76,4 66610 66,61 61 (76,40-66,6 79,3 793 3 -79, 3774 84,3774,5 8437745 8437 84,3 7459 74,5 (84,37-74,5 82,5 825 -82, 4475 88,4475,8 8844758 8844 88,4 7581 75,8 (88,44-75,8 p=0,00 72,4 724 [-72, 1770 77,1770,3 7717703 7717 77,1 7037 70,3 (77,17-70,3 80,1 801 -80, 2272 86,2272,2 8622722 8622 86,2 7223 72,2 (86,22-72,2 78,2 782 6372 80,6372,2 8063722 8063 80,6 7229 (80,63-72,2 p016 p=0,16 16 0,97 097 97 [0,9 8471 0,8471,25 0847125 0847 0,84 1250 1,25 25 (0,847-1,25 043 43 0,4 3110 0,3110,56 0311056 0311 0,31 0565 0,56 31 56 (0,311-0,56 053 53 0,5 4020 0,4020,78 0402078 0402 0,40 0780 0,78 (0,402-0,78 1,19 119 19 [1,1 9471 0,9471,40 0947140 0947 0,94 1405 1,40 94 (0,947-1,40 042 42 3770 0,3770,57 0377057 0577 0,57 57 (0,377-0,57 060 0,6 3320 0,3320,95 0332095 0332 0,33 0950 0,95 33 95 (0,332-0,95 1,14 114 14 9201 0,9201,29 0920129 0920 0,92 1292 1,29 92 (0,920-1,29 047 3820 0,3820,59 0382059 0382 0,38 0591 0,59 38 (0,382-0,59 034 34 0,3 3160 0,3160,56 0316056 0316 0560 (0,316-0,56 0,52 052 [0,5 2500 0,2500,61 0250061 0250 0,25 0610 0,61 (0,250-0,61 037 2610 0.2610,54 0261054 0261 0.26 0548 0,54 26 54 (0.261-0,54 035 35 182430 0,182430 018243 0182 0,18 18 (0,182-430) (IL (IL- p0 p<0 65, [-65 516 70,5160, 705160 705 70, 607 60, (70,51-60, 78, -78 667 83,6672, 836672 836 83, 728 72, (83,66-72, vs.78, vs78 784 vs.-78 417 85,4171, 854171 854 85, 719 71, (85,41-71, [-71 406 76,4066,6 7640666 764 76, 6661 66,6 (76,40-66, 79, -79 84,3774, 843774 843 84, 745 74, (84,37-74, 82, -82 447 88,4475, 884475 884 88, 758 75, (88,44-75, p=0,0 [-72 177 77,1770, 771770 771 77, 703 (77,17-70, 80, -80 227 86,2272, 862272 862 86, 722 (86,22-72, 637 80,6372, 806372 806 (80,63-72, p01 p=0,1 0,9 09 [0, 0,8471,2 084712 084 0,8 125 1,2 (0,847-1,2 04 0, 0,3110,5 031105 031 056 (0,311-0,5 0,4020,7 040207 040 078 0,7 (0,402-0,7 1,1 11 [1, 0,9471,4 094714 094 140 1,4 (0,947-1,4 0,3770,5 037705 057 (0,377-0,5 06 0,3320,9 033209 033 095 (0,332-0,9 0,9201,2 092012 092 129 (0,920-1,2 0,3820,5 038205 038 059 (0,382-0,5 03 0,3160,5 031605 (0,316-0,5 0,2500,6 025006 025 0,2 061 (0,250-0,6 0.2610,5 026105 026 0.2 054 (0.261-0,5 18243 0,18243 01824 018 0,1 (0,182-430 p< [-6 70,5160 70516 (70,51-60 -7 83,6672 83667 (83,66-72 vs.78 vs7 vs.-7 85,4171 85417 (85,41-71 [-7 76,4066, 764066 666 66, (76,40-66 84,3774 84377 (84,37-74 -8 88,4475 88447 (88,44-75 p=0, 77,1770 77177 (77,17-70 86,2272 86227 (86,22-72 80,6372 80637 (80,63-72 [0 0,8471, 08471 08 12 1, (0,847-1, 0,3110, 03110 (0,311-0, 0,4020, 04020 (0,402-0, [1 0,9471, 09471 (0,947-1, 0,3770, 03770 (0,377-0, 0,3320, 03320 (0,332-0, 0,9201, 09201 (0,920-1, 0,3820, 03820 (0,382-0, 0,3160, 03160 (0,316-0, 0,2500, 02500 02 (0,250-0, 0.2610, 02610 0. (0.261-0, 1824 0,1824 01 (0,182-43 [- 70,516 (70,51-6 - 83,667 (83,66-7 vs.7 vs.- 85,417 (85,41-7 76,4066 76406 (76,40-6 84,377 (84,37-7 88,447 (88,44-7 p=0 77,177 (77,17-7 86,227 (86,22-7 80,637 (80,63-7 [ 0,8471 (0,847-1 0,3110 (0,311-0 0,4020 (0,402-0 0,9471 (0,947-1 0,3770 (0,377-0 0,3320 (0,332-0 0,9201 (0,920-1 0,3820 (0,382-0 0,3160 (0,316-0 0,2500 (0,250-0 0.2610 (0.261-0 (0,182-4 (70,51- (83,66- (85,41- 76,406 (76,40- (84,37- (88,44- p= (77,17- (86,22- (80,63- (0,847- (0,311- (0,402- (0,947- (0,377- (0,332- (0,920- (0,382- (0,316- (0,250- (0.261- (0,182- (70,51 (83,66 (85,41 (76,40 (84,37 (88,44 (77,17 (86,22 (80,63 (0,847 (0,311 (0,402 (0,947 (0,377 (0,332 (0,920 (0,382 (0,316 (0,250 (0.261 (0,182 (70,5 (83,6 (85,4 (76,4 (84,3 (88,4 (77,1 (86,2 (80,6 (0,84 (0,31 (0,40 (0,94 (0,37 (0,33 (0,92 (0,38 (0,25 (0.26 (0,18 (70, (83, (85, (76, (84, (88, (77, (86, (80, (0,8 (0,3 (0,4 (0,9 (0,2 (0.2 (0,1 (70 (83 (85 (76 (84 (88 (77 (86 (80 (0, (0. (7 (8 (0 (
; Rochitte, Carlos E.